Download or read book State Led Approaches to Electronic Waste Management in the U S written by Ashley Elizabeth Westgate and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information technology has proliferated over the past two decades, and waste from electronics represents the fastest growing waste stream in the world. The production and disposal of electronics, from cradle to grave, pose critical threats to human health and the environment. The management of electronic, or e-waste, streams poses a particular set of challenges for solid waste management, hazardous waste management, and economic development in the United States. As e-waste accumulates, state governments, municipalities and private landfills are refusing to accept the responsibility for its disposal. To address this problem, the federal and state governments must find a safe and economically feasible way to process e-waste. This thesis analyzes the lessons learned from both the European Union’s e-waste programs and from a set of US e-waste cases. These range from state-led e-waste programs to manufacturer-led and voluntary e-waste programs. Based on this comparative case method, a set of key barriers emerge in the US cases that undermine e-waste management policies: the perception that US manufacturers will recycle electronic products properly, the power of the electronics industry to block policies, the lack of public consumer education about the environmental consequences of e-waste disposal, and the fact that recycling e-waste is more expensive than extracting raw materials. These factors reflect political and socio-economic realities within the US, including the power of the electronics industry, the perceived capacity of municipal solid waste systems, and the salience and the perception of consumers that US federal laws appropriately manage e-waste disposal. Part of the issue is that e-waste falls into regulatory gaps across major waste management federal laws. This thesis argues that state-led e-waste management policies are not adequate because of the lack of cooperation from all e-waste stakeholders from the federal government, state government, electronics industry, third party processors, and consumers.
Download or read book Managing Electronic Waste written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pursuant to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established regulations regarding the disposal of hazardous wastes. Although there are federal requirements under RCRA for the management of hazardous waste, some states have opted to implement more stringent requirements -- particularly with regard to the management of certain hazardous wastes generated by households and small businesses (entities that are essentially exempt from RCRA's hazardous waste management requirements). One category of household hazardous waste that many states are choosing to regulate more strictly is electronic waste, commonly referred to as "e-waste." E-waste generally refers to obsolete, broken, or irreparable electronic equipment like televisions, computers and computer monitors, laptops, printers, cell phones, copiers, fax machines, stereos, or video gaming systems. Cathode ray tubes (CRTs) in televisions and computer monitors have presented a particular concern to states, primarily due to the potentially significant amounts of lead they contain and the large numbers in which they are generated. State concerns specific to the landfill disposal or incineration of e-waste are largely due to its increasing volume and often bulky nature; hazardous constituents, such as lead and mercury, it may contain; its high cost of recycling; and the inability of interested stakeholders, such as electronics retailers and manufacturers, to reach consensus on how to voluntarily implement a national e-waste management system. States have responded to this concern by enacting their own e-waste management laws. Requirements of those laws range from a ban only on the landfill disposal or incineration of designated e-wastes to the implementation of a full e-waste collection, transportation, and recycling system. To date, 13 states have enacted some form of e-waste management law (as many as 20 states proposed e-waste laws in 2006 and 2007). Although the goal of each law is similar -- to avoid landfill disposal and incineration of certain types of e-waste -- approaches taken to achieve that goal differ significantly. However, most state laws and proposals have certain broad elements in common, such as specifying the electronic devices covered under the law; how a collection and recycling program will be financed; collection and recycling criteria that must be met to minimize the impact to human health and the environment; and restrictions or requirements that products must meet to be sold in the state. As more states propose e-waste legislation, potentially regulated stakeholders (particularly electronics manufacturers and retailers) have expressed concern that they will be required to comply with a patchwork of state requirements throughout the United States. This concern has led to an increased call for federal legislation regarding e-waste management. To help policy makers better understand the impact of state e-waste legislation, this report discusses issues that have led to state action, common elements in state-waste laws and proposals, and an overview of each enacted state law.
Download or read book Electronic Waste written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Environment and Public Works. Subcommittee on Superfund and Waste Management and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electronic Waste written by United States. Government Accountability Office and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Electronic Waste Management in the U S written by Kelsea A. Schumacher and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic devices are proliferating rapidly around the world. Although they have provided many great benefits for humanity, these products have also been cause for severe social and environmental harm, namely when they reach end-of-life. Electronic waste, or e-waste, is the fastest growing waste stream worldwide and the U.S. has one of the highest generation rates (StEP, 2015; US EPA, 2012). Recent studies estimate that in 2013, roughly 40% of the 3.14 million tons of e-waste generated in the U.S. was collected for recycling while the remainder was disposed of in landfills and incinerators (US EPA, 2015). However, industry experts approximate that between 50 and 80% of the e-waste supposedly collected for recycling is actually exported to developing nations where it is often informally recycled using primitive processes that wreak havoc on workers, local communities and the environment (ETC, 2016). Consequently, current e-waste management practices in the U.S. are resulting in the loss of recoverable resources as well as significant social and environmental degradation. A well-designed legislative framework is needed to address externalities of the electronics industry. While 25 U.S. states currently have laws promoting the sustainable end-of-life treatment of e-waste, they each differ substantially resulting in a patchwork of disparate regulations which is ultimately impeding effective e-waste recycling. A more unified legislative approach is necessary to provide comprehensive and coherent e-waste management. This dissertation lays the foundation for such legislation, outlining a framework based on an in-depth investigation into the policy and practice of e-waste recycling in the U.S. This investigation includes three general assessments: an evaluation of the necessity of legislation in the management of e-waste; a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the effect of different legislative components on e-waste collection rates; and an examination of current recycling practices of e-waste collected in legislated states inclusive of infrastructure capacity and the geographic distribution of recycled materials. The results of these assessments inform the design of a proposed unified legislative framework. It is expected that the widespread adoption of the components outlined in the proposed framework will positively influence e-waste management in the U.S.
Download or read book Electronic Waste written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Environment and Hazardous Materials and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Management of electronic waste in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Toward More Sustainable Electronic Waste Management in the United States written by Natalia M. Milovantseva and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing global volume of electronic waste (e-waste) demands more sustainable management approaches because its improper disposal threatens environmental integrity, represents a health hazard, and it is a lost economic opportunity if the valuable materials it contains are not recovered. The United States is the largest generator of e-waste in the world. However, its recycling rates are discouragingly low and an integrated approach to e-waste management is lacking. Drastically increasing collection and recycling of e-waste, together with eliminating toxic materials from electronics production are seen as two broad approaches to confront e-waste challenges. This dissertation explores public participation in electronics consumption and disposal critical to these approaches. I rely on environmental economics (contingent valuation) and discrete choice econometric models (count, ordered logit, generalized ordered logit, and multinomial logit) to analyze a unique dataset that is representative of the U.S. population. My analysis combines internal (beliefs, attitudes, and pro-environmental behavior) and external (socio-economic, demographic, and geographic) explanatory variables to (a) estimate the number of obsolete television sets stored in U.S. homes and the volumes of potentially toxic and also volumes of valuable materials they contain, (b) explore the value people place on improving environmental quality derived from using environmentally benign ("green") cell phone by measuring their willingness to pay for a green phone, and (c) understand the effect of e-waste disposal bans on household actual and intended disposal decisions. My research findings provide policy recommendations for more sustainable e-waste management in the United States. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency needs to revise its methodology for quantifying e-waste and the considerable volume of junk televisions stored calls for a more focused national policy to deal with the potential dangers of leaded glass in cathode ray tube displays. People are willing to pay for green electronics, which is good news for green chemistry initiatives. State bans on disposing e-waste are mostly infective, so jurisdictions strained by current fiscal challenges could benefit from designing targeted informational campaigns on community recycling and states should consider implementing economic incentives for consumers to return their e-waste instead of enforcing disposal bans.
Download or read book Electronics Waste Management in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Managing Electronic Waste written by Linda Luther and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic waste (e-waste) refers to obsolete, broken, electronic devices like TVs, CPUs, computer monitors, laptops, printers, scanners, and wiring. E-waste has become a concern due to the high volumes in which it is generated, the hazardous constituents it often contains (such as lead, mercury, and chromium), and the lack of reg¿s. applicable to its disposal or recycling. Contents of this report: (1) Impacts of E-Waste Exports; (2) Domestic E-Waste Disposal; Waste Vol.; Hazardous Constituents; (3) E-Waste Mgmt. Require.: Relevant Waste Disposal Require.; Recycling and Export Require.; (4) Factors Influencing E-Waste Exporting: Costly and Complex Domestic Recycling Processes; Limited Domestic Infrastructure and High Demand Abroad. Illus.
Download or read book Electronics Waste Management in the United States written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Paradigm Shift in E waste Management written by Abhijit Das and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-02 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Paradigm Shift in E-waste Management: Vision for the Future addresses the challenges in the management of electronic wastes in various forms. The book describes resource-efficient and circular e-waste management processes including valorization amalgamating the sustainable benefits of electronic component recycling, industrial symbiosis, green technology implementation, and efficient supply chain networks with a vision towards year 2025. It further explains e-waste recycling technologies, supply chain aspects, e-waste disposal in IT industries, and trans-boundary movement issues including policy concerns supported by global case studies and benchmark practices. Further, the book illustrates resource recovery from e-waste, sustainability of e-waste recycling, circular economy in e-waste and so forth. Features: Covers intricacies of e-waste management with an outlook towards a checkpoint of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2025. Describes the global status of e-waste recycling and management with country-specific contributions. Includes focus on policy tools such as EPR, ARF, policy gaps, and the informal sector activities. Offers detailed information about advanced green and smart technologies for e-waste valorization and management. Explores urban mining, sustainability, and circular economic approaches. This book is of interest to graduate students and researchers in environmental engineering, waste management, urban mining, circular economy, waste processing, electronics and telecommunication engineering, electrical and electronics engineering, and chemical engineering.
Download or read book Handbook of Electronic Waste Management written by Majeti Narasimha Var Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Electronic Waste Management: International Best Practices and Case Studies begin with a brief summary of the environmental challenges associated with the approaches used in international e-waste handling. The book's authors offer a detailed presentation of e-waste handling methods that also includes examples to further demonstrate how they work in the real world. This is followed by data that reveals the geographies of e-waste flows at global, national and subnational levels. Users will find this resource to be a detailed presentation of e-waste estimation methods that also addresses both the handling of e-waste and their hazardous effect on the surrounding environment. - Includes case studies to illustrate the implementation of innovative e-waste treatment technologies - Provides methods for designing and managing e-waste management networks in accordance with regulations, fulfilment obligations and process efficiency - Reference guide for adapting traditional waste management methods and handling practices to the handling and storage of electronic waste until disposal - Provides e-waste handling solutions for both urban and rural perspectives
Download or read book Updating the Electronics Cycle Improving US E waste Management Practices written by Martin Cooper and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States is one of the largest producers of electronic waste (e-waste), partly due to a lack of federal legislation to regulate e-waste disposal and transport. Increased collection, recycling, and reuse of electronics can reduce pollution from hazardous metals and chemicals found in e-waste, lower the carbon footprint of the electronics industry, and protect the health of workers in the global waste management sector. This paper examines case studies of e-waste management strategies in European Union member nations and US states, and identifies ways to integrate those strategies in US federal and state policy. This paper finds that extended producer responsibility (EPR) principles are found to improve e-waste collection and recycling rates, though reuse of electronics is often reduced. Public acceptance of e-waste management funding schemes are found to depend on consumers' involvement with environmental activities. Predicting the composition of future e-waste streams can increase recovery of valuable materials needed to manufacture new products. Lastly, policy recommendations are made to improve collection, recycling, and material recovery of e-waste in the US.
Download or read book Electronic Waste written by Maria E. Holuszko and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-03-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discover the latest technologies in the pursuit of zero-waste solutions in the electronics industry In Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future, a team of expert sustainability researchers delivers a collection of resources that thoroughly examine methods for extracting value from electronic waste while aiming for a zero-waste scenario in industrial production. The book discusses the manufacturing and use of materials in electronic devices while presenting an overview of separation methods for industrial materials. Readers will also benefit from a global overview of various national and international regulations related to the topic of electronic and electrical waste. A must-read resource for scientists and engineers working in the production and development of electronic devices, the authors provide comprehensive overviews of the benefits of achieving a zero-waste solution in electronic and electrical waste, as well as the risks posed by incorrectly disposed of electronic waste. Readers will enjoy: An introduction to electronic waste, including the opportunities presented by zero-waste technologies and solutions Explorations of e-waste management and practices in developed and developing countries and e-waste transboundary movement regulations in a variety of jurisdictions Practical discussions of approaches for estimating e-waste generation and the materials used in electronic equipment and manufacturing perspectives In-depth treatments of various recycling technologies, including physical separation, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy Perfect for materials scientists, electronic engineers, and metal processing professionals, Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial chemists and professionals working in organizations that use large amounts of chemicals or produce electronic waste.
Download or read book Electronic Waste Management written by Ronald E. Hester and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2009 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic waste contains toxic and carcinogenic compounds, which can pose a risk to the environment. This title discusses the directive and examines legislation in the USA and other parts of the world, considering the opportunities and threats posed by this form of waste.
Download or read book Electronic Waste written by U.s. Government Accountability Office and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-08-10 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Low recycling rates for used televisions, computers, and other electronics result in the loss of valuable resources, and electronic waste exports risk harming human health and the environment in countries that lack safe recycling and disposal capacity. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulates the management of used electronics that qualify as hazardous waste and promotes voluntary efforts among electronics manufacturers, recyclers, and other stakeholders. However, in the absence of a comprehensive national approach, a growing number of states have enacted electronics recycling laws, raising concerns about a patchwork of state requirements. In this context, GAO examined (1) EPA's efforts to facilitate environmentally sound used electronics management, (2) the views of various stakeholders on the state-by-state approach, and (3) considerations to further promote environmentally sound management. GAO review-ed EPA documents, interviewed EPA officials, and interviewed stakeholders in five states with electronics recycling legislation. "
