Download or read book Standardized Sampling for Detection and Monitoring of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Scott Costa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standardizing Sampling for Detection and Monitoring of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Scott Costa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Standardizing Sampling for Detection and Monitoring of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Scott Costa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detection Tools for an Invasive Adelgid written by Jeffrey Fidgen and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) is an alien pest that kills eastern hemlock, an ecologically important foundation species. The detection and delineation of new infestations is increasingly important, as HWA now infests all five American states that share a border with eastern Canadian provinces. We developed two new techniques to improve detection because light infestations can be he hard to detect with visual survey methods. Wool or ball sampling is an active sampling method that targets adelgid wool and has the surveyor launch Velcro®-covered racquetballs with a sling shot into tree crowns. The other is a passive sampling technique that involves laying a sticky trap under a tree for HWA crawlers to land on. The use of these techniques could improve detection and delineation of new HWA introductions/arrivals in Canada and might prove useful for monitoring how its distribution changes over time.
Download or read book Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by Mark S. McClure and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biology and Control of Hemlock Wooly Adelgid written by Mark S. McClure and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Assessment of Eastern Hemlock Vitality in Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations Following Release of Sasajiscymnus Tsugae for Biological Control written by Jason York and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The biological control agent Sasajiscymnus tsugae [Coccinellidae: Coleoptera] has been released in the Pisgah National Forest region as a predator of the invasive Hemlock Woolly Adelgid, Adelges tsugae [Homoptera: Adelgidae], since 2005. This study was designed to compare indices of Eastern hemlock, Tsuga canadensis, vitality between biological control areas and non-beetle release areas. Hemlocks found in 2006 S. tsugae release areas in cove forests had greater percent new growth and longer average length of new growth than hemlocks in non-beetle areas. This suggests that hemlocks in some biological control areas are experiencing less stress from Hemlock Woolly Adelgid infestation than those in non-beetle areas. More data is needed on dispersal, population, and fecundity rates of S. tsugae, as well as hemlock vitality in existing biological control areas before the benefits of this type of management can be accurately measured. Focused management of high quality hemlock stands in high stress years may reduce hemlock mortality rates following Hemlock Woolly Adelgid infestation.
Download or read book Assessment of Factors Affecting Establishment of Biological Control Agents of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid on Eastern Hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park written by Abdul Hakeem and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern hemlock in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park (GRSM) is threatened by hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). To manage this invasive pest in GRSM, ca. 550,000 Sasajiscymnus tsugae (Sasaji and McClure) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and 7,857 Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) have been released. Limited information is available on their establishment in GRSM. To fill this gap, a study was initiated to assess establishment of these predators and their impact on hemlock health. To determine factors affecting establishment of these predators, 65 release sites were sampled from 2008 to 2012. Several factors were evaluated for their association with establishment and recovery of S. tsugae. Predatory beetle release information, topographic features, and temperature data were obtained from GRSM personnel. These factors were evaluated using stepwise logistic regression and Pearson correlation. High resolution digital imagery was used in conjunction with field-conducted tree-health surveys to test association between S. tsugae and tree health. S. tsugae were recovered from 13 of 65 sites (20%); recovery was significantly associated with older release sites which indicates that S. tsugae may require more time to reach readily detectable levels. Regression analysis indicated that establishment was positively associated with the average maximum temperature seven days following release and elevation. Several significant correlations were found between presence of S. tsugae, and year of release, season of release, and temperature variables. These results indicate that S. tsugae should be monitored for establishment for at least five years following releases to enhance knowledge of establishment. Coexistence of three predatory beetles, S. tsugae, L. nigrinus and L. rubidus, was observed on the same hemlock trees. Significant differences between normalized difference vegetation index values and S. tsugae presence was observed. For understory and overstory hemlock, percent crown transparency, percent live crown, and percent branch dieback was also significant with presence of S. tsugae. Coexistence of S. tsugae and L. nigrinus on eastern hemlock may provide prolonged feeding on HWA. Predictive models would assist land managers in selecting appropriate times and sites for future releases. Application of digital imagery could be used to evaluate other natural enemies in forest landscapes.
Download or read book Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2020-12-04 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New York City's municipal water supply system provides about 1 billion gallons of drinking water a day to over 8.5 million people in New York City and about 1 million people living in nearby Westchester, Putnam, Ulster, and Orange counties. The combined water supply system includes 19 reservoirs and three controlled lakes with a total storage capacity of approximately 580 billion gallons. The city's Watershed Protection Program is intended to maintain and enhance the high quality of these surface water sources. Review of the New York City Watershed Protection Program assesses the efficacy and future of New York City's watershed management activities. The report identifies program areas that may require future change or action, including continued efforts to address turbidity and responding to changes in reservoir water quality as a result of climate change.
Download or read book Managing Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in Ornamental Landscapes written by Mark S. McClure and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biological Control of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid in the Eastern United States written by Mark S. McClure and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Download or read book Eastern Hemlock Forests written by Jeffrey S. Ward and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Volatile Profiles and Resistance to Herbivory in Eastern Hemlock written by Elizabeth Alexa McKenzie and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Eastern hemlock hosts the hemlock woolly adelgid, an introduced sap-feeding insect that causes rapid deterioration of the host. Like most conifers, eastern hemlock produces a variety of constitutive and induced defenses, primarily terpenoids. To explore the relationship of terpenoid defenses with adelgid infestations, we artificially infested hemlocks at a forest site and a plantation site, and compared their terpenoid concentrations to those in control trees. Infested trees showed lower terpenoid concentrations than control trees, suggesting that eastern hemlock not only fails to induce production of terpenoids in response to adelgid infestation, but becomes less able to produce carbon-based defenses due to loss of carbon resources to the adelgid. Greater light intensity may account for consistently higher terpenoid concentrations at the plantation site, supporting the explanation that carbon limitation restricts terpenoid production. Recent studies have identified a small number of individual eastern hemlock trees that demonstrate relative resistance to the hemlock woolly adelgid. We compared concentrations of terpenoids in susceptible and relatively resistant trees, both in the forest and in propagated cuttings in a common-garden setting. Terpenoid concentrations were higher in twig tissue of resistant versus susceptible trees, across six sampling dates and at both sites. Because the common-garden cuttings were free of herbivores, the higher terpenoid concentrations are interpreted as a constitutive defense. Increased levels of monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes imply an overall increase in the input of carbon precursors to both terpenoid synthesis pathways. This result suggests either an altered growth-defense balance favoring allocation of carbon resources towards production of defenses, or overall greater carbon availability in growing twig tissue of adelgid-resistant eastern hemlock individuals. We contribute detailed terpenoid data to the study of the eastern hemlock - hemlock woolly adelgid system. Our solvent extraction method permits us to examine needle and twig tissues separately, capture minor components at low concentrations, and focus on stored rather than volatilized terpenoids. By relating terpenoid concentrations to insect densities, we explore the relationships of tentatively defensive chemistry to insect population dynamics. The question remains which terpenoids, if any, directly affect hemlock woolly adelgid and what role phenols may play in the system.
Download or read book Current Composition and Structure of Eastern Hemlock Ecosystems of Northeastern Ohio and Implications of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestation written by Thomas Daniel Macy and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objectives of our study were to: 1) compare the community composition and structure of eastern hemlock forest ecosystems of the ELP and GAP; 2) identify environmental factors influencing plant composition and structure; and 3) model HWA- induced eastern hemlock mortality and predict changes in forest composition and structure using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) and the Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Event Monitor.
