Download or read book Stage Structured Populations written by Bryan Manly and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of methods for obtaining and analysing data from stage-structured biological populations. The topics covered are sam pling designs (Chapter 2), the estimation of parameters by maximum likelihood (Chapter 3), the analysis of sample counts of the numbers cif individuals in different stages at different times (Chapters 4 and 5), the analysis of data using Leslie matrix types of model (Chapter 6) and key factor analysis (Chapter 7). There is also some discussion of the approaches to modelling and estimation that have been used in five studies of particular populations (Chapter 8). There is a large literature on the modelling of biological populations, and a multitude of different approaches have been used in this area. The various approaches can be classified in different ways (Southwood, 1978, ch. 12), but for the purposes of this book it is convenient to think of the three categories mathematical, statistical and predictive modelling. Mathematical modelling is concerned largely with developing models that capture the most important qualitative features of population dynamics. In this case, the models that are developed do not have to be compared with data from natural populations. As representations of idealized systems, they can be quite informative in showing the effects of changing parameters, indicating what factors are most important in promoting stability, and so on.
Download or read book Structured Population Models in Marine Terrestrial and Freshwater Systems written by Shripad Tuljapurkar and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 644 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the summer of 1993, twenty-six graduate and postdoctoral stu dents and fourteen lecturers converged on Cornell University for a summer school devoted to structured-population models. This school was one of a series to address concepts cutting across the traditional boundaries separating terrestrial, marine, and freshwa ter ecology. Earlier schools resulted in the books Patch Dynamics (S. A. Levin, T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1993) and Ecological Time Series (T. M. Powell & J. H. Steele, eds., Chapman and Hall, New York, 1995); a book on food webs is in preparation. Models of population structure (differences among individuals due to age, size, developmental stage, spatial location, or genotype) have an important place in studies of all three kinds of ecosystem. In choosing the participants and lecturers for the school, we se lected for diversity-biologists who knew some mathematics and mathematicians who knew some biology, field biologists sobered by encounters with messy data and theoreticians intoxicated by the elegance of the underlying mathematics, people concerned with long-term evolutionary problems and people concerned with the acute crises of conservation biology. For four weeks, these perspec tives swirled in discussions that started in the lecture hall and carried on into the sweltering Ithaca night. Diversity mayor may not increase stability, but it surely makes things interesting.
Download or read book Stage Structured Populations written by Bryan F.J. Manly and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 187 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of methods for obtaining and analysing data from stage-structured biological populations. The topics covered are sam pling designs (Chapter 2), the estimation of parameters by maximum likelihood (Chapter 3), the analysis of sample counts of the numbers cif individuals in different stages at different times (Chapters 4 and 5), the analysis of data using Leslie matrix types of model (Chapter 6) and key factor analysis (Chapter 7). There is also some discussion of the approaches to modelling and estimation that have been used in five studies of particular populations (Chapter 8). There is a large literature on the modelling of biological populations, and a multitude of different approaches have been used in this area. The various approaches can be classified in different ways (Southwood, 1978, ch. 12), but for the purposes of this book it is convenient to think of the three categories mathematical, statistical and predictive modelling. Mathematical modelling is concerned largely with developing models that capture the most important qualitative features of population dynamics. In this case, the models that are developed do not have to be compared with data from natural populations. As representations of idealized systems, they can be quite informative in showing the effects of changing parameters, indicating what factors are most important in promoting stability, and so on.
Download or read book Size Structured Populations written by Bo Ebenman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last both ecology and evolution are covered in this study on the dynamics of size-structured populations. How does natural selection shape growth patterns and life cycles of individuals, and hence the size-structure of populations? This book will stimulate biologists to look into some important and interesting biological problems from a new angle of approach, concerning: - life history evolution, - intraspecific competition and niche theory, - structure and dynamics of ecological communities.
Download or read book Integrated Population Models written by Michael Schaub and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-12 with total page 640 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Population Models: Theory and Ecological Applications with R and JAGS is the first book on integrated population models, which constitute a powerful framework for combining multiple data sets from the population and the individual levels to estimate demographic parameters, and population size and trends. These models identify drivers of population dynamics and forecast the composition and trajectory of a population. Written by two population ecologists with expertise on integrated population modeling, this book provides a comprehensive synthesis of the relevant theory of integrated population models with an extensive overview of practical applications, using Bayesian methods by means of case studies. The book contains fully-documented, complete code for fitting all models in the free software, R and JAGS. It also includes all required code for pre- and post-model-fitting analysis. Integrated Population Models is an invaluable reference for researchers and practitioners involved in population analysis, and for graduate-level students in ecology, conservation biology, wildlife management, and related fields. The text is ideal for self-study and advanced graduate-level courses. - Offers practical and accessible ecological applications of IPMs (integrated population models) - Provides full documentation of analyzed code in the Bayesian framework - Written and structured for an easy approach to the subject, especially for non-statisticians
Download or read book Habitat as a Limiting Factor in Stage structured Populations written by Benjamin Scott Halpern and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Sensitivity Analysis Matrix Methods in Demography and Ecology written by Hal Caswell and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-02 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book shows how to use sensitivity analysis in demography. It presents new methods for individuals, cohorts, and populations, with applications to humans, other animals, and plants. The analyses are based on matrix formulations of age-classified, stage-classified, and multistate population models. Methods are presented for linear and nonlinear, deterministic and stochastic, and time-invariant and time-varying cases. Readers will discover results on the sensitivity of statistics of longevity, life disparity, occupancy times, the net reproductive rate, and statistics of Markov chain models in demography. They will also see applications of sensitivity analysis to population growth rates, stable population structures, reproductive value, equilibria under immigration and nonlinearity, and population cycles. Individual stochasticity is a theme throughout, with a focus that goes beyond expected values to include variances in demographic outcomes. The calculations are easily and accurately implemented in matrix-oriented programming languages such as Matlab or R. Sensitivity analysis will help readers create models to predict the effect of future changes, to evaluate policy effects, and to identify possible evolutionary responses to the environment. Complete with many examples of the application, the book will be of interest to researchers and graduate students in human demography and population biology. The material will also appeal to those in mathematical biology and applied mathematics.
Download or read book The Dynamics of Physiologically Structured Populations written by Johan A. Metz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-03-11 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Estimation of Mortality Rates in Stage Structured Population written by Simon N. Wood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stated aims of the Lecture Notes in Biomathematics allow for work that is "unfinished or tentative". This volume is offered in that spirit. The problem addressed is one of the classics of statistical ecology, the estimation of mortality rates from stage-frequency data, but in tackling it we found ourselves making use of ideas and techniques very different from those we expected to use, and in which we had no previous experience. Specifically we drifted towards consideration of some rather specific curve and surface fitting and smoothing techniques. We think we have made some progress (otherwise why publish?), but are acutely aware of the conceptual and statistical clumsiness of parts of the work. Readers with sufficient expertise to be offended should regard the monograph as a challenge to do better. The central theme in this book is a somewhat complex algorithm for mortality estimation (detailed at the end of Chapter 4). Because of its complexity, the job of implementing the method is intimidating. Any reader interested in using the methods may obtain copies of our code as follows: Intelligible Structured Code 1. Hutchinson and deHoog's algorithm for fitting smoothing splines by cross validation 2. Cubic covariant area-approximating splines 3. Cubic interpolating splines 4. Cubic area matching splines 5. Hyman's algorithm for monotonic interpolation based on cubic splines. Prototype User-Hostile Code 6. Positive constrained interpolation 7. Positive constrained area matching 8. The "full method" from chapter 4 9. The "simpler" method from chapter 4.
Download or read book Basins of Attraction in Stage Structured Populations written by Georgia Waite Pfeiffer and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Population Dynamics for Conservation written by Louis W. Botsford and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-10 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book outlines concepts such as population variability, population stability, population viability and persistance, and harvest yield. Also addressed are specific applications to conservation such as managing species at risk, fishery management, and the spatial manageement of marine resources.--Adapted from back cover.
Download or read book Ecological Dynamics written by W. S. C. Gurney and published by Oxford University Press on Demand. This book was released on 1998 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecological Dynamics is unique in that it can serve both as an introductory text in numerous ecology courses and as a resource for more advanced work. It provides a flexible introduction to ecological dynamics that is accessible to students with limited previous mathematical and computational experience, yet also offers glimpses into the state of the art in the field. The book is divided into three parts: Part I, Methodologies and Techniques, defines the authors' modeling philosophy, focusing on models rather than ecology, and introduces essential concepts for describing and analyzing dynamical systems. Part II, Individuals to Ecosystems, the core of the book, describes the formulation and analysis of models of individual organisms, populations, and ecosystems. Part III, Focus on Structure, introduces more advanced readers to models of 'structured' and spatially extended populations. Approximately 25% of the book is devoted to case studies drawn from the authors' research. Readers are guided through the many judgment calls involved in model formulation, shown the key steps in model analysis, and offered the authors' interpretation of the results. All chapters end with exercises and projects. While the book is designed to be independent of any particular computing environment, a well-tested software package (SOLVER), including programs for solution of differential and difference equations, is available via the World Wide Web at http: //www.stams.strath.ac.uk/external/solver. Ideal for courses in modeling ecological and environmental change, Ecological Dynamics can also be used in other courses such as theoretical ecology, population ecology, mathematical biology and ecology, and quantitative ecology.
Download or read book Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-10-04 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using Science to Improve the BLM Wild Horse and Burro Program: A Way Forward reviews the science that underpins the Bureau of Land Management's oversight of free-ranging horses and burros on federal public lands in the western United States, concluding that constructive changes could be implemented. The Wild Horse and Burro Program has not used scientifically rigorous methods to estimate the population sizes of horses and burros, to model the effects of management actions on the animals, or to assess the availability and use of forage on rangelands. Evidence suggests that horse populations are growing by 15 to 20 percent each year, a level that is unsustainable for maintaining healthy horse populations as well as healthy ecosystems. Promising fertility-control methods are available to help limit this population growth, however. In addition, science-based methods exist for improving population estimates, predicting the effects of management practices in order to maintain genetically diverse, healthy populations, and estimating the productivity of rangelands. Greater transparency in how science-based methods are used to inform management decisions may help increase public confidence in the Wild Horse and Burro Program.
Download or read book Stage structured Demography in Stochastic Environments written by Raziel Joseph Davison and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Populations living in natural environments experience fluctuations in environmental conditions that drive variability in demographic rates. This dissertation develops new and existing mathematical methods for studying environmental stochasticity and uses these tools to investigate the role of environmental stochasticity in driving observed population dynamics and plant life history evolution. In the first two chapters I develop new approaches to a classic method in population biology, the life table response experiment (LTRE). Whereas existing methods used time-averaged demographic rates and deterministic sensitivities to decompose observed differences in population growth rates, this new method allows estimation of the contributions to those differences made by variances in demographic rates as well as by mean rate values. I use this stochastic LTRE to show how differential variability in the vital rates of Anthyllis vulneraria (kidney vetch) contribute to differences in the population growth rates of nine populations growing in southwest Belgium; we also show how the effects of demographic rate variability depend on soil depth, where the greater moisture retention of deeper soils buffers populations against the otherwise negative effects of demographic variability. The second chapter provides a different approach to LTRE that uses an iterated two-factor decomposition of the small noise approximation of the stochastic population growth rate to quantify contributions to that growth rate made by: (i) mean vital rates, (ii) temporal variability in vital rates, (iii) elasticities of the population growth rate to individual vital rates, and (iv) correlations between vital rates across the study period. Contributions of elasticities tell us about differences in local selection pressures acting on distinct populations and contributions of correlations tell us about differences in the phenotypic tradeoffs associated with vital rates. I use this new method to show how these differences drive dynamics in two species: Anthyllis vulneraria (the same populations studied in the first chapter) and Cypripedium calceolus (lady's slipper orchid). In Anthyllis vulneraria, variability in large adult fertility and seedling survival made the largest contributions; there were also effects of differences in elasticities of large adult fertility and survival, as well as differences in the correlations between rapid growth and survival in seedlings (a survival cost of rapid early development), between large adult fertility and survival (a survival cost of reproduction) and between large adult fertility and seedling survival. In Cypripedium calceolus, population growth rates were driven most by differences in the elasticities to the probabilities of adult stasis vs. entering dormancy, as well as by differences in the variability and tradeoffs associated with adult dormancy; correlation played a role through differences in the survival payoff of dormancy vs. the complimentary fertility cost of dormancy in terms of lost opportunity for reproduction. The third and final chapter investigates the role of fire disturbance in driving the life histories and population-level dynamics of five woody plant species growing in the Brazilian cerrado, a savannah-forest mosaic in which woody vegetation cover is primarily mediated by fire disturbance. This study presents a set of diagnostics that use demographic responses to recurring disturbance to categorize species along a continuum of adaptation: on one end we find 'resistant' species that must weather disturbance in order to attain large sizes that are buffered against fire-induced mortality; on the other end we find 'resilient' species that are relatively indifferent to disturbance and harness transient opportunities afforded by early post-fire successional habitats in order to take advantage of increased nutrient availability and reduced competition. Each of these chapters uses stochastic demographic analysis to extend theory describing the dynamics of populations in variable environments; together, these studies present a variegated perspective on the role of environmental stochasticity that provides new methods and novel perspectives that should be useful in the study of population biology and life history evolution.
Download or read book Stochastic Stage structured Population Model written by Kiyomi Otsuka Kaskela and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 94 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mathematics in Population Biology written by Horst R. Thieme and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-05 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The formulation, analysis, and re-evaluation of mathematical models in population biology has become a valuable source of insight to mathematicians and biologists alike. This book presents an overview and selected sample of these results and ideas, organized by biological theme rather than mathematical concept, with an emphasis on helping the reader develop appropriate modeling skills through use of well-chosen and varied examples. Part I starts with unstructured single species population models, particularly in the framework of continuous time models, then adding the most rudimentary stage structure with variable stage duration. The theme of stage structure in an age-dependent context is developed in Part II, covering demographic concepts, such as life expectation and variance of life length, and their dynamic consequences. In Part III, the author considers the dynamic interplay of host and parasite populations, i.e., the epidemics and endemics of infectious diseases. The theme of stage structure continues here in the analysis of different stages of infection and of age-structure that is instrumental in optimizing vaccination strategies. Each section concludes with exercises, some with solutions, and suggestions for further study. The level of mathematics is relatively modest; a "toolbox" provides a summary of required results in differential equations, integration, and integral equations. In addition, a selection of Maple worksheets is provided. The book provides an authoritative tour through a dazzling ensemble of topics and is both an ideal introduction to the subject and reference for researchers.
Download or read book Estimating growth and mortality in stage structured populations written by B.J. ROTHSCHILD and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
