Download or read book Stable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Materials Based on Interpenetrating Polymer Networks written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nonlinear optical (NLO) polymers have shown increased potential in practical applications, such as frequency doubling and electro-optic modulation, due to their large nonlinearity and ease of processing. A practical NLO polymer will need to possess large second-order nonlinearity, excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures, and low optical loss. 1 A number of NLO polymers have been developed to exhibit large second-order NLO coefficients comparable to those of the inorganic NLO materials which are currently in use in devices. 2,3 However, the major drawback of NLO polymers is the decay of their electric field induced second-order optical nonlinearities. This decay is a result of the relaxation of the NLO chromophores from the induced noncentrosymmetric alignment to a random configuration. Numerous efforts have been made to minimize this decay through different approaches. 4 Recently, we have reported on an approach to stable second-order NLO polymers using an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure. 5,6 This IPN system, with the hybrid properties of a high glass transition temperature (Tg), an extensively crosslinked network, and permanent entanglements, exhibited excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures. 6 In this report, a new IPN system, modified from the one reported earlier,5 with higher degree of crosslinking density and larger NLO chromophore density is investigated. Electro-optic modulation, Interpenetrating polymer network, Second-order nonlinearity, Optical loss.

Download or read book An Interpenetrating Polymer Network as a Stable Second Order Nonlinear Optical Material Comparison with the Guest Host Systems written by S. Marturunkakul and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polymeric materials with second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties are of much interest for applications such as waveguide electrooptic modulation and frequency doubling devices. These NLO properties are presented when the chromophores are aligned in a noncentrosymmetric manner. The alignment of NLO chromophores in the poled polymers must be sufficiently stable at temperatures above 100 deg C in order to use them in practical devices. Several approaches have been adopted to enhance the temporal stability of the poled polymers. Enhanced temporal stability of second order NLO properties in several poled polymer systems has been achieved by crosslinking reactions. The resulting crosslinked network has a higher glass transition temperature and a denser matrix which prevent the aligned NLO chromophores from relaxing to a random orientation. However, slow decay of second order NLO properties at elevated temperatures was still observed in the polymers. Furthermore, the general form of the relaxation curves for the crosslinking polymers do not appear to be distinctly different from those for the guest/host systems. We have selected an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) containing aligned NLO chromophores to test these issues. An IPN is a structure in which two or more networks are physically combined. The IPN is known to be able to remarkably suppress the creep and flow phenomena in polymers. Permanent entanglement of the two polymer chains restrict their mobility which leads to a significantly more stable NLO material. In this paper, we report on the design, synthesis and characterization of an NLO active IPN ... Interpenetrating polymer network, Nonlinear optical polymer.

Download or read book Design and Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks for Second Order Nonlinear Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been a tremendous recent interest in the development of second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) polymeric materials for photonic applications. However, a major drawback of second-order NLO polymers that prevents them from being used in device applications is the instability of their electric field induced dipolar alignment. The randomization of the dipole orientation leads to the decay of second-order optical nonlinearities. Numerous efforts have been made to increase the stability of the second-order NLO properties of polymers. The search for new approaches to develop NLO polymers with optimal properties has been an active research area since the past decade. A novel approach, combining the hybrid properties of high glass transition temperatures, extensively crosslinked networks, and permanent entanglements, based on interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) is introduced to develop stable second-order NLO materials. Two types of IPN systems are prepared and their properties are investigated. The designing criteria and the rationale for the selection of polymers are discussed. The IPN samples show excellent temporal stability at elevated temperatures. Long term stability of the optical nonlinearity at 100 C has been observed in these materials. Temporal stability of the NLO properties of these IPNs is synergistically enhanced. Relaxation behavior of the optical nonlinearity of an IPN system has been studied and compared with that of a typical guest/host system. The improved temporal stability of the second-order NLO properties of this IPN system is a result of the combination of the high rigidity of the polymer backbones, crosslinked matrices, and permanent entanglements of the polymer networks. A slight modification of the chemical structure resulted in an improvement of the optical quality of the sample.

Download or read book Polymers for Second order Nonlinear Optics written by Geoffrey A. Lindsay and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the most recent developments in second-order nonlinear optical polymers. Covers the most important technologies necessary to achieve commercially viable devices based on special polymeric materials with second-order nonlinear optical properties. Discusses important molecular design considerations, how to process the polymers into films, the stability of the films, their optical properties, and prototype devices that can be made from these films.

Download or read book Polyimide Inorganic Composite Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Stable Second Order Nonlinear Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new class of IPN system has been prepared and investigated. This IPN system combines the polybismaleinimide network and the NLO-active phenoxysilicon network. The second-order NLO coefficients, d33, values of the samples range from 2.5 to 6.7 pm/V depending on the composition and the processing conditions. The temporal stability of the second-order nonlinearities for these samples at 110 deg C varies from 47 to 88% retention after 274 h.

Download or read book An Interpenetrating Polymer Network for Second Order Nonlinear Optics written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The linear optical and second order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) have been investigated. For the poled and cured IPN samples, large second order NLO coefficients, d33, were measured at 1.064 um and 1.542 um. The linear electrooptic coefficients, r33, were determined at various wavelengths. The poled and cured IPN samples showed no measurable decay of the second-order optical nonlinearity after being treated at 110 deg C for more than 1000 hours. This excellent long-term stability of the NLO property is ascribed to the novel interpenetrating crosslinked molecular structure of the IPN system.

Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 704 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Emerging Optoelectronic Technologies written by A. Selvarajan and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Organosilicon Polymeric Nonlinear Optical Materials for Optical Switching and Modulation written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of the project was to develop new polymeric materials for second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) applications, specifically electro- optic applications. Alkoxysiloxane derivatives of organic azo dye chromophores were synthesized and used to prepare NLO siloxanes by the sol-gel reaction with a siloxane polymer. The dipole moments and polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of the chromophores were calculated by semi-empirical quantum mechanical modeling. A novel approach using interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) combining a sol-gel based NLO siloxane with a thermally crosslinkable NLO azo dye attached epoxy network, as stable second-order NLO materials was also introduced. In two of these systems, the addition of another crosslinkable azo dye component to boost the NLO density was investigated. The materials were processed into thin films on substrates and simultaneously oriented by corona poling and thermally cured at temperatures up to 220 deg C. The NLO siloxanes showed relatively weak optical nonlinearities while the electro-optic coefficients of the IPN systems were reasonable large and temporal stability was excellent-the materials showing considerable promise for practical applications.

Download or read book Polymers in Telecommunication Devices written by G. H. Cross and published by iSmithers Rapra Publishing. This book was released on 2002 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the use of the use of polymers instead of and in conjunction with, traditional platforms such as indium phosphide and ferroelectric ceramic lithium niobate. Critical comparisons are made between use of polymers and alternative. This review report gives an overview of all the elements of optical transmission and switching systems that are used in telecommunications and is a fully interdisciplinary account of materials and device design issues. An additional indexed section containing several hundred abstracts from the Rapra Polymer Library database gives useful references for further reading.

Download or read book Dipolar Relaxation in a Second Order Nonlinear Optical Interpenetrating Polymer Network written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 17 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The nature of the relaxation process of the poled order in an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) system is found to be fundamentally different from that of a guest/host system. The IPN (Tg= 176 deg C) consists of a nonlinear optical (NLO) active epoxy-based polymer network and an NLO active phenoxy-silicon polymer network. The decay behavior of the second-order nonlinearity of this IPN was investigated in the range from 110 to 170 deg C. The stability of this IPN is superior to those of classic guest/host polymers as indicated by longer relaxation times at temperatures from 110 to 130 deg C. The relaxation process of the IPN system follows Arrhenius type behavior at temperatures ranging from 140 to 170 deg C. The IPN system provides a new approach to processing for stabilization of the second-order nonlinear optical properties. Relaxation, Interpenetrating polymer network, Nonlinear optical, Arrhenius.

Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Handbook of Conducting Polymers Second Edition written by Terje A. Skotheim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11-24 with total page 1130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discussing theory and transport, synthesis, processing, properties, and applications, this second edition of a standard resource covers advances in the field of electrically conducting polymers and contains more than 1500 drawings, photographs, tables, and equations. Maintaining the style of presentation and depth of coverage that made the first edition so popular, it contains the authoritative contributions of an interdisciplinary team of world-renowned experts encompassing the fields of chemistry, physics, materials science, and engineering. The Handbook of Conducting Polymers highlights progress, delineates improvements, and examines novel tools for polymer and materials scientists..

Download or read book Government Reports Announcements Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Poled Polymers and Their Applications to SHG and EO Devices written by Seizo Miyata and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-17 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poled polymers doped with nonlinear optically active chromophores combine the large second order nonlinearity of the dopant dye molecules with the optical quality of the polymer. The material design flexibility afforded to doped polymers makes them attractive in a large variety of devices and applications. This book addresses the critical science and technology issues in the development and application of poled polymers, with an emphasis on the stabilization of poled polymers and their special applications to second harmonic generation (SHG) and electro-optic (EO) devices.

Download or read book Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications written by Johannes Karl Fink and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 559 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of reactive polymers enables manufacturers to make chemical changes at a late stage in the production process—these in turn cause changes in performance and properties. Material selection and control of the reaction are essential to acheive optimal performance. The second edition of Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications introduces engineers and scientists to the range of reactive polymers available, explains the reactions that take place, and details applications and performance benefits. Basic principles and industrial processes are described for each class of reactive resin (thermoset), as well as additives, the curing process, and applications and uses. The initial chapters are devoted to individual resin types (e.g. epoxides, cyanacrylates, etc.); followed by more general chapters on topics such as reactive extrusion and dental applications. Material new to this edition includes the most recent developments, applications and commercial products for each chemical class of thermosets, as well as sections on fabrication methods, reactive biopolymers, recycling of reactive polymers, and case studies. Injection molding of reactive polymers, radiation curing, thermosetting elastomers, and reactive extrusion equipment are all covered as well. Most comprehensive source of information about reactive polymers Covers basics as well as most recent developments, including reactive biopolymers, recycling of reactive polymers, nanocomposites, and fluorosilicones Indispensable guide for engineers and advanced students alike—providing extensive literature and patent review

Download or read book Chemical Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 2540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: