Download or read book Stable Chlorine Isotope Variations in the Atmosphere written by Christopher Michael Volpe and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Geochemistry of Stable Chlorine and Bromine Isotopes written by Hans Eggenkamp and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-08-25 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides detailed information on the history, analysis and applications of chlorine and bromine isotope geochemistry. Chlorine and bromine are geochemically unique as they prefer to exist as single charged negative ions. For this reason isotope fractionation reflects mostly processes that are not related to changes in the redox state and this fractionation is generally modest. The book will describe the processes that are most easily detected using these isotopes. Also isotope variations, and processes that cause them, measured in oxidised species such as perchlorates and in organic molecules will be described in this book.
Download or read book The geochemistry of chlorine isotopes written by H.G.M. Eggenkamp and published by Onderzoek en Beleving. This book was released on 2014-12-07 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The geochemistry of chlorine isotopes" describes Hans Eggenkamp's studies to obtain his PhD degree at Utrecht University. It describes methods to measure stable chlorine isotope variations in different types of natural samples, theoretical fractionation as the result of diffusion and about ten case studies showing chlorine isotope fractionation in natural systems. In these case studies it was discovered that chlorine stable isotopes fractionate only little, although systematically, in processes such as salt precipitation and diffusion. Variations found in natural samples reflect as such in most cases processes that take place within (larger) reservoirs. The main purpose of the project was to develop procedures to measure stable chlorine isotope compositions in different sample types and to study variations therein. The study gives a good overview of the knowledge on stable chlorine isotope geochemistry at the moment of its original publication in 1994.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-01-13 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the geosciences. It is subdivided into three parts: theoretical and experimental principles; fractionation processes of light and heavy elements; the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. Since the application of stable isotopes to earth sciences has grown in the last few years, a new edition appears necessary. Recent progress in analysing the rare isotopes of certain elements for instance allow the distinction between mass-dependent and mass-independent fractionations. Special emphasis has been given to the growing field of "heavy" elements. Many new references have been added, which will enable quick access to recent literature. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary source of information with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.
Download or read book Delta 37 C1 written by Hermanus Gerardus Maria Eggenkamp and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Compilation of Minimum and Maximum Isotope Ratios of Selected Elements in Naturally Occurring Terrestrial Materials and Reagents written by Tyler B. Coplen and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Documented variations in the isotopic compositions of some chemical elements are responsible for expanded uncertainties in the standard atomic weights published by the Commission on Atomic Weights and Isotopic Abundances of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. This report summarizes reported variations in the isotopic compositions of 20 elements that are due to physical and chemical fractionation processes (not due to radioactive decay) and their effects on the standard atomic weight uncertainties. For 11 of those elements (hydrogen, lithium, boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, silicon, sulfur, chlorine, copper, and selenium), standard atomic weight uncertainties have been assigned values that are substantially larger than analytical uncertainties because of common isotope abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin. For 2 elements (chromium and thallium), recently reported isotope abundance variations potentially are large enough to result in future expansion of their atomic weight uncertainties. For 7 elements (magnesium, calcium, iron, zinc, molybdenum, palladium, and tellurium), documented isotope-abundance variations in materials of natural terrestrial origin are too small to have a significant effect on their standard atomic weight uncertainties.
Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Geochemistry written by William M. White and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-07-24 with total page 1680 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia is a complete and authoritative reference work for this rapidly evolving field. Over 200 international scientists, each experts in their specialties, have written over 330 separate topics on different aspects of geochemistry including geochemical thermodynamics and kinetics, isotope and organic geochemistry, meteorites and cosmochemistry, the carbon cycle and climate, trace elements, geochemistry of high and low temperature processes, and ore deposition, to name just a few. The geochemical behavior of the elements is described as is the state of the art in analytical geochemistry. Each topic incorporates cross-referencing to related articles, and also has its own reference list to lead the reader to the essential articles within the published literature. The entries are arranged alphabetically, for easy access, and the subject and citation indices are comprehensive and extensive. Geochemistry applies chemical techniques and approaches to understanding the Earth and how it works. It touches upon almost every aspect of earth science, ranging from applied topics such as the search for energy and mineral resources, environmental pollution, and climate change to more basic questions such as the Earth’s origin and composition, the origin and evolution of life, rock weathering and metamorphism, and the pattern of ocean and mantle circulation. Geochemistry allows us to assign absolute ages to events in Earth’s history, to trace the flow of ocean water both now and in the past, trace sediments into subduction zones and arc volcanoes, and trace petroleum to its source rock and ultimately the environment in which it formed. The earliest of evidence of life is chemical and isotopic traces, not fossils, preserved in rocks. Geochemistry has allowed us to unravel the history of the ice ages and thereby deduce their cause. Geochemistry allows us to determine the swings in Earth’s surface temperatures during the ice ages, determine the temperatures and pressures at which rocks have been metamorphosed, and the rates at which ancient magma chambers cooled and crystallized. The field has grown rapidly more sophisticated, in both analytical techniques that can determine elemental concentrations or isotope ratios with exquisite precision and in computational modeling on scales ranging from atomic to planetary.
Download or read book Evaluation of Archived Water Samples Using Chlorine Isotopic Data Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory Idaho 1966 93 written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Halogen Chemistry and Stable Chlorine Isotope Composition of Thermal Springs and Arc Lavas Int He Cascade Arc written by Jeffrey Todd Cullen and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stable isotope compositions (chlorine, oxygen, and hydrogen), major anion concentrations, and major/minor cation concentrations of 37 thermal (any spring water with temperature at least 6.5° C above mean ambient air temperature) and mineral springs from the Cascade volcanic arc system were measured in order to better determine chlorine sources within the Cascades hydrothermal systems, and thus place better constraints on halogen flux through the subduction zone. Typically, most subduction zone flux calculations have been limited to the study of the erupted magmas and gases from fumarole vents, yet magmatic discharge through thermal springs may be considerable, particularly those in the often ignored forearc. Additionally, 9 geochemically well characterized lavas from across the Mt. St. Helens/Mt. Adams region of the Cascade arc (Leeman et al. 2001, 2005) were analyzed for their halogen concentrations, as well as their Cl stable isotope composition. Cl concentrations in the thermal springs range from 6 to 13,850 ppm and have [delta]37Cl values that range from -0.1% to + 1.9% (average = +0.8 ± 0.4%; error = ± 0.2%), with no systematic variation along or across the arc. The slightly positive values (~0.0 to +0.9%) may be explained by fluid-rock interaction with underlying lithologic units, such as 37Cl-enriched volcanic sequences, and/or serpentinites or oceanic crust of accreted oceanic terranes. Another process possibly contributing to these positive [delta]37Cl values, particularly those with [delta]37Cl > 1%, is magmatic HCl fractionation during degassing generating an enriched 37Cl vapor which mixes with thermal waters. We cannot completely rule out slab-derived altered oceanic crustal chlorine that has degassed into the springs, although most slab Cl is believed to have already been devolatilized from the slab before reaching sub-arc depths corresponding to longitudes where these springs are located at the surface. Lavas from the Columbia transect across the arc exhibit highest Cl concentrations at the volcanic front compared to the forearc and backarc. Br, like Cl, exhibits highest concentrations along the volcanic front. F and I show a progressive decrease in concentration from forearc to backarc which may demonstrate the putative early surge of fluids/fluid mobile element loss early in subduction at relatively shallow depth. [delta]37Cl values range from -0.1 to +0.8% (error = ± 0.2%) and may reflect a component of assimilation of crustal material, or is derived from an enriched mantle, although we cannot completely rule out some isotopic fractionation and/or slab-derived chlorine.
Download or read book Stable Isotope Variations in Coal and Associated Mineral Water written by Thomas F. Anderson and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Accounts of Variations of Stable Isotope Ratios on the Earth written by Hidemitsu Katsura and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To date, there have been a considerable number of reports and investigations regarding accounts of stable isotopic fractionations and variation of stable isotope ratios. These descriptions depend only on biological activities, a little bit of differences of kinetic ratios of chemical reactions and a little differences of physical development. Although the relationship between the phenomena of stable isotopic fractionations or variation of stable isotope ratios and electric charge or electric field or electromagnetic forces has never been considered. Furthermore the relationship between the phenomena of variation of stable isotope ratios and cosmic-ray bombardment (spallation effect) also has never been considered. The object of this investigation is to discover the reason for variations in isotopic ratios in the environment to adapt the previous studies as follows. [ A ] Neutron bombardment from cosmic radiation (spallation effect) [ B ] Oddo-Harkins Rule [ C ] All kinds of isotopes have specific electrical potential [ D ] Previous study of Production of 7Be by nuclear spallation reactions
Download or read book Geochemistry of Non Traditional Stable Isotopes written by Clark M. Johnson and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal for Volume 55 of Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry was to bring together a summary of the isotope geochemistry of non-traditional stable isotope systems as is known through 2003 for those elements that have been studied in some detail, and which have a variety of geochemical properties. In addition, recognizing that many of these elements are of interest to workers who are outside the traditional stable isotope fields, we felt it was important to include discussions on the broad isotopic variations that occur in the solar system, theoretical approaches to calculating isotopic fractionations, and the variety of analytical methods that are in use. We hope, therefore, that this volume proves to be useful to not only the isotope specialist, but to others who are interested in the contributions that these non-traditional stable isotopes may make toward understanding geochemical and biological cycles. The review chapters in this volume were the basis for a two-day short course on nontraditional stable isotopes held prior (May 15-16, 2004) to the spring AGU/CGU Meeting in Montreal, Canada.
Download or read book Chromium Stable Isotope Variations in the Early Solar System and Deep Earth written by Matthew Jerram and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Stable Isotope Geochemistry written by Jochen Hoefs and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stable Isotope Geochemistry is an introduction to the use of stable isotopes in the fields of geoscience. It is subdivided into three parts: - theoretical and experimental principles; - fractionation mechanisms of light elements; - the natural variations of geologically important reservoirs. In this updated 4th edition many of the chapters have been expanded, especially those on techniques and environmental aspects. The main focus is on recent results and new developments. For students and scientists alike the book will be a primary reference with regard to how and where stable isotopes can be used to solve geological problems.
Download or read book Abstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology written by Marvin A. Lanphere and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Abstracts of the Eighth International Conference on Geochronology Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology written by M. A. Lanphere and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1994 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstracts taken from 1994 conference in Geochronology, Cosmochronology and Isotope Geology. Abstracts are organized alphabetically by first author and were printed as recieved from the author-prepared copy. The Author index is comprehensive and includes all authors.
