Download or read book Sputtered NB TA Multilayers written by Phillip Roy Broussard and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Synthetic Modulated Structures written by Leroy L. Chang and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 516 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Science and Technology Series: Synthetic Modulated Structures focuses on synthetic modulated structures, which is described as any periodically perturbed materials with a repetition greater than the basic unit cell dimension. The book is organized into three parts. Part I provides a perspective of developments and structural characterization of the semiconductor and metal area. The electronic properties in different configurations and structures, including compositional and doping modulation are covered in Part II. Part III begins with preparation methods, followed by a discussion on distinctive fields of interest in metals, transport and magnetic properties, superconductivity, and diffusion. This publication is a good source for students and researchers conducting work in the general area of modulated structures.

Download or read book Physics Fabrication and Applications of Multilayered Structures written by Claude Weisbuch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low-dimensional materials are of fundamental interest in physics and chemistry and have also found a wide variety of technological applica tions in fields ranging from microelectronics to optics. Since 1986, several seminars and summer schools devoted to low-dimensional systems have been supported by NATO. The present one, Physics, Fabrication and Applications of Multilayered structures, brought together specialists from different fields in order to review fabrication techniques, charac terization methods, physics and applications. Artificially layered materials are attractive because alternately layering two (or more) elements, by evaporation or sputtering, is a way to obtain new materials with (hopefully) new physical properties that pure materials or alloys do not allow. These new possibilities can be ob tained in electronic transport, optics, magnetism or the reflectivity of x-rays and slow neutrons. By changing the components and the thickness of the layers one can track continuously how the new properties appear and follow the importance of the multilayer structure of the materials. In addition, with their large number of interfaces the study of inter face properties becomes easier in multilayered structures than in mono layers or bilayers. As a rule, the role of the interface quality, and also the coupling between layers, increases as the thickness of the layer decreases. Several applications at the development stage require layer thicknesses of just a few atomic layers.

Download or read book Layered Superconductors written by Richard A. Klemm and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-12-22 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the discovery by the author and collaborators of superconductivity in the first truly layered compound, TaS2(pyridine)1/2, there have been many types of layered superconductors. These include the graphite intercalation compounds, the transition metal dichalcogenides, the intercalated transition metal dichalcogenides, the organic layered superconductors, the high-temperature cuprates, the various types of artificial multilayers, strontium ruthenate, magnesium diboride, the ternary intermetallics, the quaternary intermetallics or borocarbides, the iron pnictides and oxypnictides, the iron chalcogenides, and the intercalated metal nitride halides. In the development of this huge field, an underlying theme has always been to try to develop a room-temperature superconductor. Since most of the superconductors with the highest transition temperatures are layered, this book compares and contrasts the wide variety of materials and their properties. It should serve as a guide for young experimentalists hoping to make a room-temperature superconductor. In addition, the book presents the three classes of phenomenological theoretical descriptions of layered superconductors: the anisotropic London model, the anisotropic Ginzburg-Landau model, and the Lawrence-Doniach model specifically developed to treat layered superconductors. Calculations using these models for the upper and lower critical fields are presented in detail, accessible to graduate students wanting to learn the basics of widely-used theoretical descriptions.

Download or read book Magnetic Thin Films Multilayers and Superlattices written by A. Fert and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-06-06 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Materials Research in thin and ultrathin magnetic structures is a multidisciplinary field which heavily relies on state-of-the-art growth, characterization and theoretical approaches to build a comprehensive physical picture on how magnetic properties depend on interfacial structural issues, interlayer coupling and transport phenomena. Often in this field, the critical properties and characterization required necessitates knowledge of structural and magnetic phenomena extending over several atomic planes. Atomic controlled growth techniques are required and atomic sensitivity is needed from magnetic and structural probes. This critical knowledge is vital for device applications, providing the basis for the synergistic interactions that are predominant in this field of research. This volume is the definitive reference source for anyone interested in the latest advances and results of current experimental research in ultrathin film magnetism.

Download or read book Superconducting Superlattices II Native and Artificial written by Ivan Bozovic and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of SPIE present the original research papers presented at SPIE conferences and other high-quality conferences in the broad-ranging fields of optics and photonics. These books provide prompt access to the latest innovations in research and technology in their respective fields. Proceedings of SPIE are among the most cited references in patent literature.

Download or read book Properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys from first principles written by Fei Wang and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-02-09 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis is a theoretical exploration of properties of multilayered and multicomponent nitride alloys, in particular their mixing thermodynamics and elastic behaviors. Systematic investigation of properties of a large class of materials, such as the multicomponent nitride solid solutions, is in line with the modern approach of high-throughput search of novel materials. In this thesis we benchmark and utilize simple but efficient methodological frameworks in predicting mixing thermodynamics, Young’s moduli distribution of multilayer alloys and the linear thermal expansion of quaternary nitride solid solutions. We demonstrate by accurate ab-initio calculations that Ti1−xAlxN solid solution is stabilized by interfacial effects if it is coherently sandwiched between TiN layers along (001). For TiN/AlN and ZrN/AlN multilayers we show higher thermodynamic stability with semicoherent interfaces than with isostructural coherent ones. Accurate 0 Kelvin elastic constants of cubic TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) solid solutions and their multilayers are derived and an analytic comparison of strengths and ductility are presented to reveal the potential of these materials in hard coating applications. The Young’s moduli variation of the bulk materials has provided a reliable descriptor to screen the Young’s moduli of coherent multilayers. The Debye model is used to reveal the high-temperature thermodynamics and spinodal decomposition of TixNbyAl1−x−yN. We show that though the effect of vibration is large on the mixing Gibbs free energy the local spinoal decomposition tendencies are not altered. A quasi-harmonic Debye model is benchmarked against results of molecular dynamics simulations in predicting the thermal expansion coefficients of TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Denna avhandling är en teoretisk undersökning av egenskaperna hos multilager och multikomponentlegeringar av nitrider, särskilt deras blandningstermodynamik och elastiska egenskaper. Systematiska undersökningar av egenskaperna hos en stor materialfamilj, såsom fasta lösningar av multikomponentnitrider, ligger i linje med den moderna angreppsvinkeln av massundersökningar i sökandet efter nya material. I denna avhandling utvärderar och använder vi enkla men effektiva metodologiska ramverk för att förutsäga blandningstermodynamik, fördelning av Young’s moduli multilager och den linjära termiska expansionen i kvaternära fasta lösningar av nitrider. Vi visar med precisa ab-initio-beräkningar att en fast lösning av Ti1−xAlxN stabiliseras av gränssnittseffekter om den placeras koherent mellan TiN-skikt längs med (001). För multilager av TiN/AlN och ZrN/AlN påvisar vi högre termodynamisk stabilitet med semikoherenta gränsskikt än med isostrukturella koherenta. Precisa elastiska konstanter vid 0 K för kubiska fasta lösningar av TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) och deras multilager beräknas och en analytisk jämförelse av deras hållfasthet och duktilitet presenteras för att visa dessa materials potential som hårda beläggningar. Variationen av Young’s moduli materialen i bulk har gett en pålitlig deskriptor för att undersöka Young’s moduli koherenta multilager. Debye-modellen används för att undersöka hög-temperatur-termodynamiken och spinodalt sönderfall hos TixNbyAl1−x−yN. Vi visar att trots att vibrationers effekt på Gibbs fria energi för blandning är stor påverkas inte de lokala tendenserna för spinodalt sönderfall. En kvasiharmonisk Debye-modell jämförs med resultat från molekyldynamiksimuleringar för att förutsäga utvidgningskoefficienter för TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta). Diese Arbeit ist eine theoretische Untersuchung der Eigenschaften von mehrschichtigen und mehrkomponentigen Nitridlegierungen, insbesondere deren Mischungs- Thermodynamik und elastischen Verhalten. Eine systematische Untersuchung von Eigenschaften einer großen Klasse von Materialien, wie zum Beispiel fester Lösungen von Mehrkomponenten-Nitriden, ist im Einklang mit dem zeitgenössischen Hochdurchsatzverfahren für die Suche nach neuen Materialien. In dieser Arbeit benchmarken und nutzen wir einfache, aber effiziente methodische Frameworks zur Vorhersage der Mischungs-Thermodynamik, der Verteilung des Elastizitätsmoduls von Mehrschichtlegierungen und der linearen thermischen Ausdehnung von festen, quaternären Nitrid-Lösungen. Wir zeigen durch genaue Ab-initio-Berechnungen, dass Ti1−xAlxN Mischkristalle durch Grenzflächenwirkungen stabilisiert werden, wenn sie kohärent zwischen TiN Schichten entlang (001) sandwichartig angeordnet sind. Die genauen elastischen Konstanten von kubischen TixXyAl1−x−yN (X = Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) Mischkristallen und deren Mehrfachschichten bei 0 Kelvin werden abgeleitet und ein analytischer Vergleich der Festigkeit und Duktilität zeigt das Potential dieser Materialien in Hartbeschichtungsanwendungen. Das Debye-Modell wird verwendet, um die Hochtemperatur-Thermodynamik und die spinodale Entmischung von TixNbyAl1−x−yN aufzudecken. Wir zeigen, dass sich die lokale Tendenzen zur spinodalen Entmischung nicht ändern, obwohl die Wirkung von Vibrationen auf die Gibbs-Energie großist. Ein quasi-harmonisches Debye-Modell wird gegen die Ergebnisse von Moleküldynamik-Simulationen gebenchmarkt, um die thermische Ausdehnungskoeffizienten von TixXyAl1−x−yN (X=Zr, Hf, Nb, V, Ta) vorherzusagen.

Download or read book Processing and Fabrication of Advanced Materials XIII written by and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2005 with total page 548 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Multilayers and Giant Magnetoresistance written by U. Hartmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unified overview of recent progress in a growing, multi-disciplinary field places special emphasis on the industrial applications of magnetic multilayered materials. The text describes a wide range of physical aspects, together with experimental and theoretical methods.

Download or read book Superconducting Materials written by Materials Research Society. Meeting Symposium S. and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Percolation Localization and Superconductivity written by Allen Goldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-11-22 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of the effects of dimensional ity and disorder on phase transitions, electronic transport, and superconductivity has become an important field of research in condensed matter physics. These effects are both classical and quantum mechanical in nature and are observed universally in urealu materials. What may at first glance seem a diverse collection of lectures which form the chapters of these proceedings is in fact, an attempt to demon strate the commonality, inter-relationship, and general applica bility of the phenomena of localization, percolation, and macro scopic quantum effects on electrical transport and superconduc tivity in disordered solids. The theory of these phenomena is presented in a complete, yet, self-contained fashion and the inter-relationship between the topics is emphasized. An extensive treatment of experimental results is also included, both those which have stimulated the theory as well as those that have confirmed it. Many of the phenomena investigated in this field also have technological significance. For example, the nature of electronic localization in metals in which one or more dimensions are con strained is very important when one attempts to predict the be havior of the metallic interconnects in ultra-miniature circuits.

Download or read book Advances in Nanocomposites written by Boreddy Reddy and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-04-19 with total page 984 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanocomposites - Synthesis, Characterization and Industrial Applications was conceived as a comprehensive reference volume on various aspects of functional nanocomposites for engineering technologies. The term functional nanocomposites signifies a wide area of polymer/material science and engineering, involving the design, synthesis and study of nanocomposites of increasing structural sophistication and complexity useful for a wide range of chemical, physicochemical and biological/biomedical processes. "Emerging technologies" are also broadly understood to include new technological developments, beginning at the forefront of conventional industrial practices and extending into anticipated and speculative industries of the future. The scope of the present book on nanocomposites and applications extends far beyond emerging technologies. This book presents 40 chapters organized in four parts systematically providing a wealth of new ideas in design, synthesis and study of sophisticated nanocomposite structures.

Download or read book Auger and X Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy in Materials Science written by Siegfried Hofmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To anyone who is interested in surface chemical analysis of materials on the nanometer scale, this book is prepared to give appropriate information. Based on typical application examples in materials science, a concise approach to all aspects of quantitative analysis of surfaces and thin films with AES and XPS is provided. Starting from basic principles which are step by step developed into practically useful equations, extensive guidance is given to graduate students as well as to experienced researchers. Key chapters are those on quantitative surface analysis and on quantitative depth profiling, including recent developments in topics such as surface excitation parameter and backscattering correction factor. Basic relations are derived for emission and excitation angle dependencies in the analysis of bulk material and of fractional nano-layer structures, and for both smooth and rough surfaces. It is shown how to optimize the analytical strategy, signal-to-noise ratio, certainty and detection limit. Worked examples for quantification of alloys and of layer structures in practical cases (e.g. contamination, evaporation, segregation and oxidation) are used to critically review different approaches to quantification with respect to average matrix correction factors and matrix relative sensitivity factors. State-of-the-art issues in quantitative, destructive and non-destructive depth profiling are discussed with emphasis on sputter depth profiling and on angle resolved XPS and AES. Taking into account preferential sputtering and electron backscattering corrections, an introduction to the mixing-roughness-information depth (MRI) model and its extensions is presented.

Download or read book Low Temperature Physics Chemistry written by and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Magnetic Ultra Thin Films Multilayers and Surfaces written by F. Petroff and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1997-12-18 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Symposium on Magnetic Ultrathin Films, Multilayers and Surfaces, hosted by the European Materials Research Society, was held at the Palais de la Musique et des Congré in Strasbourg, France on June 4-7, 1996. Its central theme was the relationship of magnetic properties and device performance to structure at the nano and micrometer length scale. Research on the magnetism of surfaces, ultrathin films and multilayers has increased dramatically during recent years. This development was triggered by the discovery of coupling between ferromagnetic layers across nonmagnetic spacer layers and of the giant magnetoresistance effect in systems of reduced dimension using various micro and nanofabrication techniques has become a subject of special interest. It is certainly the promising application potential of these effects in new magnetic recording device geometries which causes this intensive research, which is done both by companies and at universities and research institutes. A selection of invited and contributed papers presented at the Symposium and accepted for publication is contained in this volume. The contents of these proceedings are organized into seven sections. A. Nanowires, Nanoparticles, Nanostructuring B. Ultrathin Films and Surfaces, Characterization C. Giant Magnetoresistance D. Coupling, Tunneling E. Growth, Structure, Magnetism F. Growth, Structure, Magnetoresistance G. Coupling, Magnetic processes, Magneto-optics. The first four sections contain invited and oral contributed papers in the listed research domains, while the last three sections contain the contributions presented during three large poster sessions.

Download or read book Physical Fundamentals of Nanomaterials written by Bangwei Zhang and published by William Andrew. This book was released on 2018-02-03 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Physical Fundamentals of Nanomaterials systematically describes the principles, structures and formation mechanisms of nanomaterials, in particular the concepts, principles and theories of their physical properties as well as the most important and commonly used preparation methods. The book aims to provide readers with a basic understanding of how nanomaterials are synthesized as well as their resultant physical properties it therefore focuses on the science of nanomaterials rather than applications, serving as an excellent starting point for researchers, materials scientists and advanced students who already possess a basic knowledge of chemistry and physics. - Provides thorough coverage of the physics and processes involved in the preparation of nanomaterials - Contains separate chapters for various types of synthesis methods, including gas phase, liquid phase, solid phase, and self-assembly - Coverage of properties includes separate chapters on mechanical, thermal, optical, electrical and magnetic

Download or read book High Entropy Alloys written by T.S. Srivatsan and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 759 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a cohesive overview of innovations, advances in processing and characterization, and applications for high entropy alloys (HEAs) in performance-critical and non-performance-critical sectors. It covers manufacturing and processing, advanced characterization and analysis techniques, and evaluation of mechanical and physical properties. With chapters authored by a team of internationally renowned experts, the volume includes discussions on high entropy thermoelectric materials, corrosion and thermal behavior of HEAs, improving fracture resistance, fatigue properties and high tensile strength of HEAs, HEA films, and more. This work will be of interest to academics, scientists, engineers, technologists, and entrepreneurs working in the field of materials and metals development for advanced applications. Features Addresses a broad spectrum of HEAs and related aspects, including manufacturing, processing, characterization, and properties Emphasizes the application of HEAs Aimed at researchers, engineers, and scientists working to develop materials for advanced applications T.S. Srivatsan, PhD, Professor of Materials Science and Engineering in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Akron (Ohio, USA), earned his MS in Aerospace Engineering in 1981 and his PhD in Mechanical Engineering in 1984 from the Georgia Institute of Technology (USA). He has authored or edited 65 books, delivered over 200 technical presentations, and authored or co-authored more than 700 archival publications in journals, book chapters, book reviews, proceedings of conferences, and technical reports. His RG score is 45 with a h-index of 53 and Google Scholar citations of 9000, ranking him to be among the top 2% of researchers in the world. He is a Fellow of (i) the American Society for Materials International, (ii) the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and (iii) the American Association for Advancement of Science. Manoj Gupta, PhD, is Associate Professor of Materials at NUS, Singapore. He is a former Head of Materials Division of the Mechanical Engineering Department and Director Designate of Materials Science and Engineering Initiative at NUS, Singapore. In August 2017, he was highlighted among the Top 1% Scientists of the World by the Universal Scientific Education and Research Network and in the Top 2.5% among scientists as per ResearchGate. In 2018, he was announced as World Academy Championship Winner in the area of Biomedical Sciences by the International Agency for Standards and Ratings. A multiple award winner, he actively collaborates/visits as an invited researcher and visiting and chair professor in Japan, France, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, China, the United States, and India.