Download or read book Social Connectionism written by Frank Van Overwalle and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of our thoughts and decisions occur without us being conscious of them taking place; connectionism attempts to reveal the internal hidden dynamics that drive the thoughts and actions of both individuals and groups. Connectionist modeling is a radically innovative approach to theorising in psychology, and more recently in the field of social psychology. The connectionist perspective interprets human cognition as a dynamic and adaptive system that learns from its own direct experiences or through indirect communication from others. Social Connectionism offers an overview of the most recent theoretical developments of connectionist models in social psychology. The volume is divided into four sections, beginning with an introduction and overview of social connectionism. This is followed by chapters on causal attribution, person and group impression formation, and attitudes. Each chapter is followed by simulation exercises that can be carried out using the FIT simulation program; these guided exercises allow the reader to reproduce published results. Social Connectionism will be invaluable to graduate students and researchers primarily in the field of social psychology, but also in cognitive psychology and connectionist modeling.
Download or read book Spreading Activation Lexical Priming and the Semantic Web written by Michael Pace-Sigge and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-04 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the interconnections between linguistics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) research, their mutually influential theories and developments, and the areas where these two groups can still learn from each other. It begins with a brief history of artificial intelligence theories focusing on figures including Alan Turing and M. Ross Quillian and the key concepts of priming, spread-activation and the semantic web. The author details the origins of the theory of lexical priming in early AI research and how it can be used to explain structures of language that corpus linguists have uncovered. He explores how the idea of mirroring the mind’s language processing has been adopted to create machines that can be taught to listen and understand human speech in a way that goes beyond a fixed set of commands. In doing so, he reveals how the latest research into the semantic web and Natural Language Processing has developed from its early roots. The book moves on to describe how the technology has evolved with the adoption of inference concepts, probabilistic grammar models, and deep neural networks in order to fine-tune the latest language-processing and translation tools. This engaging book offers thought-provoking insights to corpus linguists, computational linguists and those working in AI and NLP.
Download or read book Psychology for A2 written by Erika Cox and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2001 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers an illustrated text that features: summaries of key research studies supported by references at the back of the book; activities to engage the student, including many of a practical nature; and a study of a critical issue at the end of each chapter, highlighting a topic of particular interest.
Download or read book Working Memory and Human Cognition written by John T. E. Richardson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1996-05-16 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This new volume in the Counterpoints series compares and contrasts different conceptions of working memory, generally recognized as the human cognitive system responsible for temporary storage of information. The book includes proponents of several different views. Robert Logie discusses the theoretical and empirical utility of separating working memory into an articulatory loop, a phonological store, and a visuo-spatial sketchpad into visual and spatial subsystems. Patricia Carpenter provides evidence for a process view of working memory, arguing that both task-specific processing and general processing capabilities can account for the full range of working memory phenomena. She focuses on findings from reading comprehension and memory tasks suggesting that working memory is used to represent the set of skills and strategies necessary for complex tasks, while retaining residual capacity for use as a storage buffer. Lynn Hasher argues in favor of the new inhibitory model, with evidence drawn from the literature on aging and pathology that demonstrates parallels between memory disorders and normal memory functioning. Randall Engle addresses the issue of whether working memory resources are required for retrieval of information or whether that task is relatively automatic. Engle's empirical studies, in turn, bear directly on the positions of Carpenter, Hasher, and Logie. As interest in working memory is increasing at a rapid pace, an open discussion of the central issues involved is both useful and timely. This work serves this purpose for a wide audience of cognitive psychologists and their students.
Download or read book Spreading the Activiation a Little Further written by Jesse Calm and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mastermind written by Maria Konnikova and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2013-01-03 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The New York Times bestselling guide to thinking like literature's greatest detective. "Steven Pinker meets Sir Arthur Conan Doyle" (Boston Globe), by the author of The Confidence Game. No fictional character is more renowned for his powers of thought and observation than Sherlock Holmes. But is his extraordinary intellect merely a gift of fiction, or can we learn to cultivate these abilities ourselves, to improve our lives at work and at home? We can, says psychologist and journalist Maria Konnikova, and in Mastermind she shows us how. Beginning with the “brain attic”—Holmes’s metaphor for how we store information and organize knowledge—Konnikova unpacks the mental strategies that lead to clearer thinking and deeper insights. Drawing on twenty-first-century neuroscience and psychology, Mastermind explores Holmes’s unique methods of ever-present mindfulness, astute observation, and logical deduction. In doing so, it shows how each of us, with some self-awareness and a little practice, can employ these same methods to sharpen our perceptions, solve difficult problems, and enhance our creative powers. For Holmes aficionados and casual readers alike, Konnikova reveals how the world’s most keen-eyed detective can serve as an unparalleled guide to upgrading the mind.
Download or read book Theoretical Issues in Reading Comprehension written by Rand J. Spiro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-03 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and artificial intelligence – the three disciplines that have the most direct application to an understanding of the mental processes in reading – is presented in this multilevel work, originally published in 1980, that attempts to provide a systematic and scientific basis for understanding and building a comprehensive theory of reading comprehension. The major focus is on understanding the processes involved in the comprehension of written text. Underlying most of the contributions is the assumption that skilled reading comprehension requires a coordination of text with context in a way that goes far beyond simply chaining together the meanings of a string of decoded words. The topics discussed are divided into five general areas: Global Issues; Text Structure; Language, Knowledge of the World, and Inference; Effects of Prior Language Experience; and Comprehension Strategies and Facilitators, and represent a broad base of methodology and data that should be of interest not only to those concerned with the reading process, but also to basic science researchers in psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence, and related disciplines.
Download or read book Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory written by Kathleen M. Galotti and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2017-07-05 with total page 521 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Psychology In and Out of the Laboratory presents balanced, up-to-date coverage of cognitive psychology and shows readers that research conducted in the lab truly does impact the real world. Using her signature, accessible writing style, author Kathleen M. Galotti masterfully connects cognitive psychology to students′ everyday lives through current, relevant examples. The Sixth Edition has been updated to reflect the rapidly changing field of cognitive psychology with new references, streamlined content that gives more attention to key topics like memory, and material on advances in research that enhance our understanding of how people acquire and use information. Interactive eBook also available—bundle it with the new edition! Your students save when you bundle the new edition with the interactive eBook version. Order using bundle ISBN 978-1-5063-9877-8. /p>
Download or read book Musical Imaginations written by David Hargreaves and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Musical imagination and creativity are amongst the most abstract and complex aspects of musical behaviour. This book is a wide ranging, multidisciplinary review of the latest theory and research on musical creativity, performance and perception by some of the most eminent scholars in their respective disciplines.
Download or read book News Frames and National Security written by Douglas M. McLeod and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the power of news coverage to render targeted groups suspicious and to spur support for government surveillance. It argues that the tendency of journalists to frame stories around individual targets of surveillance shapes citizens' judgments, leading them to support "Big Brother" and to limit the civil liberties of groups under scrutiny.
Download or read book Cognitive Science and Its Applications for Human computer Interaction written by Raymonde Guindon and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of human-computer interaction is striving to provide the conceptual foundations for designing computer tools and the environment needed to perform increasingly more complex and specialized tasks. To achieve this goal, human computer interaction must rely on the meeting of specialized, expert minds. Each of the research projects presented in this book investigate some critical question on the path of progress in human-computer interaction. These projects would not have been feasible without the multidisciplinary of the research team or of the researchers themselves.
Download or read book How Behavior Spreads written by Damon Centola and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-24 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A new, counterintuitive theory for how social networks influence the spread of behavior New social movements, technologies, and public-health initiatives often struggle to take off, yet many diseases disperse rapidly without issue. Can the lessons learned from the viral diffusion of diseases improve the spread of beneficial behaviors and innovations? How Behavior Spreads presents over a decade of original research examining how changes in societal behavior—in voting, health, technology, and finance—occur and the ways social networks can be used to influence how they propagate. Damon Centola's startling findings show that the same conditions that accelerate the viral expansion of an epidemic unexpectedly inhibit the spread of behaviors. How Behavior Spreads is a must-read for anyone interested in how the theory of social networks can transform our world.
Download or read book Case Based Reasoning Research and Development written by David W. Aha and published by Springer. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 769 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2001 International Conference on Case-Based Reasoning (ICCBR 2001, www.iccbr.org/iccbr01), the fourth in the biennial ICCBR series (1995 in Sesimbra, Portugal; 1997 in Providence, Rhode Island (USA); 1999 in Seeon, Germany), was held during 30 July – 2 August 2001 in Vancouver, Canada. ICCBR is the premier international forum for researchers and practitioners of case based reasoning (CBR). The objectives of this meeting were to nurture significant, relevant advances made in this field (both in research and application), communicate them among all attendees, inspire future advances, and continue to support the vision that CBR is a valuable process in many research disciplines, both computational and otherwise. ICCBR 2001 was the first ICCBR meeting held on the Pacific coast, and we used the setting of beautiful Vancouver as an opportunity to enhance participation from the Pacific Rim communities, which contributed 28% of the submissions. During this meeting, we were fortunate to host invited talks by Ralph Bergmann, Ken Forbus, Jaiwei Han, Ramon López de Mántaras, and Manuela Veloso. Their contributions ensured a stimulating meeting; we thank them all.
Download or read book Psychology for A Level written by Erika Cox and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 812 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Precisely targeted at AQA A Level Psychology, specification A. It will also be of interest to those who are new to psychology, and who want to get a flavour of the kinds of topics in which psychologists are interested"--Preface, p. vii.
Download or read book The Craft of Creativity written by Matthew A. Cronin and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-17 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creativity has long been thought of as a personal trait, a gift bestowed on some and unachievable by others. While we laud the products of creativity, the stories behind them are often abridged to the elusive "aha!" moment, the result of a momentary stroke of genius. In The Craft of Creativity Matthew A. Cronin and Jeffrey Loewenstein present a new way to understand how we innovate. They emphasize the importance of the journey and reveal the limitations of focusing on outcomes. Drawing on a wide range of scholarship, their own research, and interviews with professionals and learners who employ creativity in the arts, engineering, business, and more, Cronin and Loewenstein argue that creativity is a cognitive process that hinges on changing one's perspective. It's a skill that anyone can hone, and one that benefits from thinking with others and over time. Breaking new ground in the discussion about how we innovate, this book provides strategies that everyone can use to be more creative.
Download or read book Creativity and Convention written by Rosa E. Vega Moreno and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a pragmatic account of the interpretation of everyday metaphorical and idiomatic expressions. Using the framework of Relevance Theory, it reanalyses the results of recent experimental research on figurative utterances and provides a novel account of the interplay of creativity and convention in figurative interpretation, showing how features 'emerge' during metaphor comprehension and how literal meaning contributes to idiom comprehension. The central claim is that the mind is rather selective when processing information, and that in the pragmatic interpretation of both literal and figurative utterances, this selectivity often results in the creation of new ('ad hoc') concepts or the standardization of pragmatic routines. With this approach, the comprehension of metaphors and idioms requires no special pragmatic principles or procedures not required for the interpretation of ordinary literal utterances, but follows from an automatic tendency towards selective processing which is itself a by-product of Sperber and Wilson's Cognitive Principle of Relevance.
Download or read book Brain and Behaviour written by G. Ádám and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 555 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Physiological Sciences, Volume 17: Brain and Behaviour documents the proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, held in Budapest 1980. This volume begins by discussing learning in isolated neuronal structures, and then explains the developmental plasticity of central nervous system. The mechanisms of conditioning, learning, and memory are then examined, which is followed by a topic on visceral learning. This book then introduces cortical sensory-motor integration, and then elaborates on this subject by explaining related topics such as caudato-cortical interrelations and functional organization of conditioned placing reaction. This text concludes with three parts examining the functions of mammalian associative cortex; psychophysiology of motivation; and electrophysiological basis of verbal and cognitive behavior. This book will be invaluable to students and experts in the fields of physiology and medicine.
