Download or read book Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition written by Manfred Lamprecht and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-09-17 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
Download or read book Sports induced Inflammation written by Wayne B. Leadbetter and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 824 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Does Exercise induced Inflammation Serve a Useful Purpose Across the Adult Age Span written by Sophie Melanie Louise Cartier and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inflammation is a protective biological response involving immune cells, blood vessels and molecular mediators, initiated upon the induction of cell injury (Abbas, Lichtman, & Pillai, 2007). The purpose of inflammation is to both eliminate the cause of the injurious agent (Abbas et al., 2007) as well as remove dead cells and tissues, damaged from the initial assault (Lapointe, Frenette, & Côté, 2002), and to initiate tissue repair (Ricciotti & FitzGerald, 2011). Inflammation as an event is a generic response to any injurious insult, which includes exercise-induced injury (Nehlsen-Cannarella et al., 1997). Exercise-induced muscle damage is defined as an injury from a mechanical force applied externally, causing structural stress or strain, resulting in cellular or tissue responses (Mueller & Maluf, 2002). An acute inflammatory response is sometimes instigated during exercise (Nehlsen- Cannarella et al., 1997); its initiation and magnitude depend upon the degree of physiological stress applied during the exercise bout (McFarlin, Flynn, Stewart, & Timmerman, 2004). Exercise-induced inflammation is typically seen in endurance sports where there is overuse of specific tissues (McFarlin et al., 2004). Physiological stress increases as intensity, duration and internal stimuli (e.g., blood glucose levels) increase (McFarlin et al., 2004). Thus, prolonged and intensive exercises significantly increase the induction of and the magnitude of an inflammatory response (McFarlin et al., 2004). Exercise-induced inflammation also stimulates the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenocortical (HPA) axis, characterised by elevated levels of cortisol and other mediators, inducing immune suppressive effects and thereby reinstating immune homeostasis (Tsigos & Chrousos, 2002). However, the immunosuppressive effects of the HPA axis may be detrimental to individuals if over-stimulated (Tsigos & Chrousos, 2002).Various methods have been employed in training regimes to counteract this inflammatory response Exercise-Induced Inflammation 7 (Bleakley, McDonough, & MacAuley, 2004; Gleeson, Nieman, & Pedersen, 2004; Quintero, Wright, Fu, & Huard, 2009). Carbohydrate supplementation is one method (Gleeson et al., 2004; McFarlin et al., 2004; Mitchell et al., 1998; Nehlsen-Cannarella et al., 1997; Nieman et al., 2004; Nieman et al., 1998; Scharhag, Myer, Auracher, Gabriel, & Kindermann, 2006). Others, such as cryotherapy (Bleakley et al., 2004) and RICE (rest, ice, compression, and elevation; Quintero et al., 2009), are also commonly used to reduce the exercise-induced inflammatory response under conditions where muscle soreness and/or injuries occur following physical activity (Bleakley et al., 2004; Quintero et al., 2009). The underlying theory is that reducing the inflammation will improve muscle tissue recovery (Bleakley et al., 2004; Quintero et al., 2009). The exercise-induced inflammatory response is necessary for performance adaptation (Kurtz, Loebig, Anderson, DeMeo, & Campbell, 1999), although, it may also lead to injury and is often associated with pain or discomfort by the individual (Abbas et al., 2007). Considering these two, opposing concepts, it would be valuable to understand the appropriate management of exercise-induced inflammation for both injury prevention and performance gains. Further complicating this question are external factors, which can enhance or reduce systemic inflammation (Gomez, Nomellini, Faunce, & Kovacs, 2008; Weiskopf, Weinberger & Grubeck-Loebenstein, 2009). In particular, age has significant impacts on both immune function and underlying inflammatory status (Franceschi et al., 2007; Gomez et al., 2008; Weiskopf et al., 2009). For example, aging impacts immune function by weakening immune responses to infections (Gomez, Boehmer, & Kovacs, 2005). Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to answer two questions: 1) 'Does Exercise- Induced Inflammation Serve a Useful Purpose?'; and 2) 'How Does Aging Affect this Process?' To address these questions, this paper will first: i) review the role of inflammation as part of the Exercise-Induced Inflammation 8 innate immune response; ii) examine the positive and negative consequences of the exercise induced inflammatory response; and iii) outline the age-related effects on both the immune system and underlying inflammatory status.
Download or read book Exercise Immunology written by Michael Gleeson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exercise immunology is an important, emerging sub-discipline within exercise physiology, concerned with the relationship between exercise, immune function and infection risk. This book offers a comprehensive, up-to-date and evidence-based introduction to exercise immunology, including the physiological and molecular mechanisms that determine immune function and the implications for health and performance in sport and everyday life. Written by a team of leading exercise physiologists, the book describes the characteristics of the immune system and how its components are organised to form an immune response. It explains the physiological basis of the relationship between stress, physical activity, immune function and infection risk, and identifies the ways in which exercise and nutrition interact with immune function in athletes and non-athletes. The book shows students how to evaluate the strengths and limitations of the evidence linking physical activity, immune system integrity and health, and explains why exercise is associated with anti-inflammatory effects that are potentially beneficial to long-term health. Every chapter includes useful features, such as clear summaries, definitions of key terms, discussions of seminal research studies and practical guidelines for athletes on ways to minimise infection risk, with additional learning resources available on a companion website. This is an essential textbook for any course on exercise immunology or advanced exercise physiology.
Download or read book Whole body Electromyostimulation A Training Technology to Improve Health and Performance in Humans written by Wolfgang Kemmler and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Characterization of Exercise induced Inflammation and Anti inflammatory Effects of Polyphenols on Lipopolysaccharide induced Inflammation written by 洪永豊 and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Nutrition and Physical Activity in Inflammatory Diseases written by Manohar L. Garg and published by CABI. This book was released on 2013 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Certain nutrients and physical activity can significantly alter immune function and inflammation. Targeted interventions may be an effective and inexpensive means to improve the inflammation and immune dysfunction associated with chronic diseases. This book defines the relevant underlying biological mechanisms and strengthens our understanding of how nutrients and physical activity impact inflammatory diseases. A useful reference for researchers and students of nutrition, physiology and sports science, it explores the unique aspects of inflammation induced by nutritional deficiencies or activity levels, and their interrelationship.
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Immune Function in Sport and Exercise written by Michael Gleeson and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2006-01-01 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title is directed primarily towards health care professionals outside of the United States. Designed to help readers understand and evaluate the relationship between exercise, immune function and infection risk, this book presents evidence for the "J-shaped" relationship between exercise load and infection risk. It also describes the components of the human immune system and key functions that protect the body from disease, the impact of acute and chronic psychological stress on immune function, and practical guidelines for minimizing the risk of immunodepression and infection in athletes. Further chapters explore different ways of measuring immune function, as well as the effects of heavy training on innate and specific (acquired) immunity, exercise in environmental extremes, and nutrition. Connections between exercise, infection risk, and immune function in special populations (elderly, obese, diabetic and HIV patients) are also addressed. Authored by a team of highly experienced experts. The "J-shaped" relationship between exercise load and infection risk is described, backed by current research and evidence. Components of the immune system and normal immune function are explained in detail, as well as methods for measuring immune function. The impact of acute and chronic psychological stress on immune function is presented, along with suggestions for minimizing the risk of immunodepression and infection in athletes. The effects of heavy training, exercise in environmental extremes, and nutrition are discussed with regard to their impact on innate and specific (acquired) immunity. Immune function in special populations (elderly, obese, diabetic and HIV patients) is also addressed, exploring links between exercise and infection risk in these groups. Evidence-based coverage includes a list of references in each chapter, as well as suggestions for further reading that direct readers to important texts and review articles. Information is presented in an easily accessible format, following a logical progression of material. LEach chapter begins with a list of learning objectives and ends with a list of key points to reinforce learning. A glossary at the end of the book defines all key terms and abbreviations.
Download or read book The Resolution of Inflammation written by Adriano Rossi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-03-17 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an up-to-date and comprehensive view on the resolution of inflammation and on new developments in this area, including pro-resolution mediators, apoptosis, macrophage clearance of apoptotic cells, possible novel drug developments.
Download or read book Nutritional Supplements in Sport Exercise and Health written by Linda M. Castell and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-04-17 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nutritional Supplements in Sport, Exercise and Health is the most up-to-date and authoritative guide to dietary supplements, ergogenic aids and sports nutrition foods currently available. Consisting of over 140 evidence-based review articles written by world-leading research scientists and practitioners, the book aims to dispel the misinformation that surrounds supplements and supplementation, offering a useful, balanced and unbiased resource. The reviews are set out in an A-Z format and include: definitions alongside related products; applicable food sources; where appropriate, practical recommendations such as dosage and timing, possible nutrient interactions requiring the avoidance of other nutrients, and any known potential side effects; and full research citations. The volume as a whole addresses the key issues of efficacy, safety, legality and ethics, and includes additional reviews on the WADA code, inadvertent doping, and stacking. Combining the most up-to-date scientific evidence with consideration of practical issues, this book is an essential reference for any healthcare professional working in sport and exercise, any student or researcher working in sport and exercise science, sports medicine, health science or nutrition, and for all coaches and support teams working with athletes.
Download or read book The Protective Effects of Exercise Against Acute Inflammatory and Metabolic Challenges written by Laura Castellani and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is well appreciated that exercise is associated with improvements in metabolic health, though the specific mechanisms underlying these processes remain to be fully understood. As such, the work presented in this thesis highlights the beneficial effects of exercise with respect to protecting against acute inflammatory and metabolic challenges. First, study one identified the protective effect of chronic exercise training against an acute inflammatory challenge with the beta-3 adrenergic agonist CL 316,243. Specifically, it was revealed that CL 316,243 activates markers of inflammation in white adipose tissue of lean male mice and that this response was attenuated with 4-weeks of exercise training. The blunted CL 316,243-induced inflammation was matched by reductions in the protein content of the pro-inflammatory ion channel TRPV4. To further explore the relationship between regular exercise training and adipose tissue inflammation we next examined the inflammatory response associated with a single, acute bout of moderate exercise. Notably, although IL-6 expression and signaling were induced in response to acute exercise, this occurred independent of changes in other traditional markers of adipose tissue inflammation (i.e. TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, JNK phosphorylation). Moreover, activation of IL-6 signaling in response to an acute bout of exercise is amplified with regular exercise training. In study three, we found that a single bout of exercise protects against metabolic disturbances associated with a single dose of the antipsychotic olanzapine. This was paralleled by improvements in insulin tolerance, reductions in hepatic glucose output and alterations in fuel utilization. The studies in this thesis are the first to note i) that regular exercise training protects against CL 316,243 induced activation of adipose tissue inflammation; ii) that acute exercise-induced increases in IL-6 signaling are amplified in adipose tissue after chronic exercise training; iii) That a single bout of exercise protects against olanzapine-induced hyperglycemia. In all, this work contributes significantly to our understanding of adipose tissue dependent and independent benefits of exercise.
Download or read book Exercise induced Oxidative Stress Muscle Damage and Inflammation in Prolonged High intensity Intermittent Exercise written by Camilla Rebecca Holland and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mechanical Stretch and Cytokines written by Andre Kamkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-06 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the latest findings in the field of investigation of molecular mechanisms of mechanical stretch and the role of cytokines in response of different tissues to it. On the one hand this Volume demonstrates how mechanical stretch enhances cytokines production. It describes how cytokines influence tissues and cells on a background of a mechanical stretching. It provides a description of how cells in different tissues are activated by stretch and cytokines via various signaling pathways, and how they change their gene expression. The book is a unique collection of reviews outlining current knowledge and future developments in this rapidly growing field. Knowledge of biomechanics, and mechanisms which underlie it on molecular, cellular and tissue, is necessary for understanding of the normal functioning of living organisms and allows to predict changes, which arise due to alterations of their environment.
Download or read book Immuno Psychiatry written by Michael Berk and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-08-14 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a thorough and critical review of current knowledge on the role of immunology in major psychiatric disorders and its potential applications. The opening chapters offer general information on the immune influence of the brain to provide readers with a better understanding of the end of immune privilege. The book then examines possible underlying mechanisms leading to psychiatric disorders, from early infections to pro-inflammatory markers, stress, and immune genetic background, linking etiology and psychiatry. The third section describes each disorder (ie autism, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression...) with an overview of underlying immune dysfunctions. Lastly, the authors discuss the innovative immune-therapies that may result from the discovery of immune system biomarkers and their associated mechanisms. A better understanding of the role of the immune system in psychiatric disorders makes it possible to identify stratification biomarkers, to explain underlying mechanisms, and to develop innovative, efficient, targeted treatment strategies and management. As such, the book is of value to clinicians, mental health professionals, mental health researchers, immunologists, industry practitioners, and various stakeholders in the mental health field.
Download or read book Exercise induced Inflammatory Cytokine Production with and Without Experimental Ischemia written by Daniel Desaussure Shill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intermittent claudication is the most common symptom of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Additionally, inflammation is critical to PAD pathogenesis. Acute exercise-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines are associated with beneficial vascular effects. We characterized local inflammation in to response to ischemic exercise. Unilateral isometric forearm contractions were performed for 30 minutes with and without experimental ischemia. Blood was drawn before, during, and after exercise. Oxygen saturation levels, measured by near-infrared spectroscopy, were reduced by 10% and 41% during non-ischemic and ischemic exercise, respectively. Non-ischemic exercise did not affect cytokine values. Ischemia enhanced basic fibroblast growth factor, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vascular endothelial growth factor concentrations during exercise, but not IL-8. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that ischemic, small muscle endurance exercise elicits local inflammatory cytokine production, compared to non-ischemic exercise. The effect of ischemic exercise with PAD-associated comorbidities may impact the inflammatory response during and after exercise.
Download or read book Exercise Induced Inflammation and the Effect of Omega 3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Physiological Variables Associated with Endurance Performance written by Lucy Hale and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
