Download or read book Spectrometre Laser a Amplification Resonante d Absorption Applications a la Mesure de Trace de Gaz written by and published by Ed. Techniques Ingénieur. This book was released on with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectrom tre laser Amplification R sonante d Absorption Applications la mesure de trace de gaz written by Kassi and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Etude et r alisation d un spectrom tre haute sensibilit diode laser pour la mesure de traces de gaz written by Fabrice Bounaix and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: LE SUIVI DES PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS, LE CONTROLE DES TENEURS EN GAZ A CARACTERE POLLUANT DANS L'ATMOSPHERE ET L'ETUDE DES REACTIONS CHIMIQUES REQUIERENT DES INSTRUMENTS CAPABLES DE DETECTER DE TRES FAIBLES TENEURS. LA SPECTROMETRIE D'ABSORPTION INFRAROUGE A DIODE LASER APPORTE UNE SOLUTION A CE PROBLEME EN PERMETTANT DES SENSIBILITES IMPORTANTES ET DES TEMPS DE REPONSE DE L'ORDRE DE LA MINUTE. CE MEMOIRE PRESENTE L'ETUDE ET LA REALISATION D'UN TEL SPECTROMETRE POUR LA DETECTION DE FAIBLES TENEURS EN VAPEUR D'EAU. CELUI-CI SE CARACTERISE PAR UNE SOURCE LASER A SEMICONDUCTEUR DU TYPE INGAASP AYANT UNE LONGUEUR D'ONDE D'EMISSION EGALE A 1,37 MICROMETRE, PAR L'UTILISATION D'UNE CELLULE MULTIPASSAGE DU TYPE HERRIOT AYANT UNE LONGUEUR TOTALE DE PASSAGE D'UNE VINGTAINE DE METRES, ENFIN PAR UN FAIBLE ENCOMBREMENT. LE SIGNAL D'ABSORPTION EST OBTENU PAR UN BALAYAGE RAPIDE EN LONGUEUR D'ONDE, REALISE EN MODULANT LE COURANT DE DIODE. UNE DOUBLE VOIE, MESURE ET REFERENCE, PERMET DE S'AFFRANCHIR DE LA VAPEUR D'EAU RESIDUELLE DANS LA TETE DE DETECTION. LE FAIBLE SIGNAL D'ABSORPTION EST CONVERTI APRES AMPLIFICATION EN UN SIGNAL NUMERIQUE PUIS MOYENNE SUR PLUSIEURS PASSAGES DANS LE BUT D'AMELIORER LE RAPPORT SIGNAL SUR BRUIT. LE MODE PRINCIPAL DE LA DIODE EST CENTRE SUR LA BANDE D'ABSORPTION SITUEE A 1,4 MICROMETRE CORRESPONDANT A UNE TRANSITION VIBRATIONNELLE HARMONIQUE. AVEC UN TEL DISPOSITIF NOUS AVONS MONTRE QU'IL ETAIT POSSIBLE DE DETECTER DES CONCENTRATIONS DE VAPEUR D'EAU DE L'ORDRE DE 100 PPB, AVEC UN SIGNAL SUR BRUIT DE 10. LA SENSIBILITE EST ESSENTIELLEMENT LIMITEE PAR DES INTERFERENCES PARASITES ET PAR L'UTILISATION D'UNE DIODE MULTIMODES. L'EMPLOI D'UNE SOURCE LASER MONOMODE (DIODE DFR OU DIODE A CAVITE EXTERNE) DEVRAIT PERMETTRE LA MESURE DE TENEUR EN H#2O INFERIEURES A 10 PPB. CETTE TECHNIQUE PEUT ETRE ETENDUE A LA DETECTION DE PETITES MOLECULES POSSEDANT DES LIAISONS X-H (X=C, N, O...)
Download or read book Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectrometry for Ultra Trace Measurement and Calibration of Atmospheric Constituents written by A. Fried and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There has been an ongoing quest for development of ever more sensitive and selective detection methods for studying various gas molecules of atmospheric importance. Both laboratory and ambient studies often require instrumentation capable of measuring ultratrace concentrations of such gases at, and below, the parts-per-billion range. Concurrently, accurate calibration standards, particularly those verified by independent techniques, are also required. The sensitive, selective, and versatile technique of infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry is especially well suited for ultra-trace gas measurements and calibration standards verification. This combination, which is not shared by many other measurement techniques, results from the fact that diode laser spectrometers can be operated in an absolute mode as well as a more sensitive relative mode. In this paper, we discuss these capabilities and present specific examples for the measurement and calibration of ultra-trace levels of the important atmospheric gases nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and hydrochloric acid (HCl). In addition, we further discuss the application of tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry in the verification of NO2 permeation standards using the gas-phase titration reaction between nitric oxide (NO) and ozone (O3).
Download or read book tude des bruits limitant la sensibilit d un spectrom tre d absorption diff rentielle diode laser infrarouge written by Eric de Borniol and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'ETUDE DE L'ATMOSPHERE OU LE SUIVI DE PROCESSUS INDUSTRIELS NECESSITE DES INSTRUMENTS CAPABLES DE MESURER IN SITU ET DE FACON SELECTIVE DE FAIBLES CONCENTRATIONS DE GAZ. LA SPECTROMETRIE D'ABSORPTION PAR DIODE LASER INFRAROUGE REPOND A CE PROBLEME MAIS SA SENSIBILITE EST LIMITEE PAR LE BRUIT DE MESURE. LA PREMIERE PARTIE DE CE MEMOIRE EST CONSACREE A L'ETUDE DES BRUITS LIMITANT LA SENSIBILITE DES METHODES DE SPECTROSCOPIE UTILISANT DES DIODE LASER AUX SELS DE PLOMB, ET AUX DIFFERENTES TECHNIQUES MISES EN UVRE POUR L'AMELIORER. LES FLUCTUATIONS DE PUISSANCE DE LA DIODE LASER ETANT LE FACTEUR LE PLUS LIMITANT POUR LA SENSIBILITE, L'ETUDE DU BRUIT RELATIF D'INTENSITE (OU RIN) D'UNE TELLE SOURCE A ETE REALISEE. CETTE ETUDE MONTRE QUE CE BRUIT PEUT ETRE DIMINUE EN FONCTION DES CONDITIONS EXPERIMENTALES ET QU'IL PRESENTE, DANS TOUT LES CAS, UNE DECROISSANCE AVEC LA FREQUENCE D'ANALYSE (BRUIT EN 1/F). LA SECONDE PARTIE DU MEMOIRE EST DEDIEE A LA CONCEPTION ET A L'EVALUATION DE LA SENSIBILITE ULTIME D'UN SPECTROMETRE D'ABSORPTION DIFFERENTIELLE A BALAYAGE RAPIDE. LA LONGUEUR D'ONDE D'EMISSION EST BALAYEE PERIODIQUEMENT AUTOUR D'UNE RAIE D'ABSORPTION MOLECULAIRE EN MODULANT LE COURANT INJECTE DANS LA DIODE. DEUX VOIES OPTIQUES DE MESURE L'UNE TRAVERSANT LE MILIEU ET L'AUTRE NON SONT SOUSTRAITES L'UNE A L'AUTRE AVANT LA NUMERISATION DU SIGNAL. LE SIGNAL EST ENSUITE MOYENNE SUR PLUSIEURS PERIODES. L'ETUDE DU FILTRE RESULTANT DU BALAYAGE SPECTRAL RAPIDE MONTRE QUE LE BRUIT EN 1/F PEUT ETRE FILTRE EN DIMINUANT LA PERIODE DE MODULATION. LA SOUSTRACTION DE DEUX VOIES ASSOCIE A UNE COURTE PERIODE DE BALAYAGE (0,1 MS) PERMETTENT D'ATTEINDRE UNE TRES GRANDE SENSIBILITE. L'ANALYSE DE SPECTRES D'ABSORPTION DE LA MOLECULE DE CO VERS 2054 CM 1 MONTRE QUE LE SPECTROMETRE REALISE PERMET DE MESURER UNE ABSORPTION RELATIVE DE LA PUISSANCE LASER DE 1,1.10 6 EN 54,5 MS. SA SENSIBILITE LIMITE, CALCULEE POUR UNE BANDE PASSANTE DE 1 HZ EST DE 7.10 8. CETTE SENSIBILITE EST PROCHE DE CELLE OBTENUE PAR LA TECHNIQUE ACTUELLEMENT LA PLUS SENSIBLE TELLE QUE LA SPECTROSCOPIE DE MODULATION HAUTE FREQUENCE.
Download or read book Spectroscopie d absorption par diode laser accordable et fibre optique capteur ondes vanescentes en vue d application la d tection de gaz written by Youssef Zaatar and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: L'absorption du champ évanescent se produit lorsque le matériau qui forme la gaine d'un guide d'ondes absorbe la lumière à la longueur d'onde transmise. Cet effet connu serait à la base d'un nouveau type de capteur à fibre optique mettant en jeu l'absorption à ondes évanescentes. Pour sa réalisation, une partie de la gaine de la fibre est dénudée et remplacée par un milieu absorbant. La lumière est injectée à un bout de la fibre et détectée à l'autre bout de la fibre. La technique spectroscopique par diode laser peut être appliquée aux capteurs à fibre optique. Les lasers à diode constituent des sources accordables en fréquence. Pour obtenir cette fréquence d'émission, il faut agir sur les paramètres qui déterminent le gap d'énergie entre les niveaux de la transition. La fréquence d'émission des diodes laser peut être contrôlée sur une plage spectrale par variation de la température de fonctionnement, ou sur une région spectrale plus fine en variant le courant d'injection. Il existe une variété de méthodes spectroscopiques par diodes laser pour détecter de faibles concentrations de gaz. Nous utilisons la méthode de spectroscopie par modulation de fréquence. La fréquence d'émission du laser est donc soumise à deux variations, l'une correspond au balayage lent de la raie d'absorption par injection d'un courant en dent de scie de fréquence de l'ordre du Hz, l'autre étant une modulation sinusoïdale rapide par injection d'un courant sinusoïdal de fréquence de l'ordre du kHz. La forme du signal obtenu dépend de la forme de la raie d'absorption étudiée et de l'amplitude de modulation. La mesure à la sortie du détecteur se fait sur la fréquence de la modulation sinusoïdale. Le signal mesuré est relié à la variation de la puissance avec la longueur d'onde. Nous décrivons dans ce mémoire les différentes démarches de construction du dispositif spectroscopique par diode laser, puis son couplage à la fibre optique capteur. Des spectres d'absorption pour la vapeur d'eau ont permit de montrer les possibilités du système
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy 1 written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-07 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, e.g., ultrafast lasers (atto- and femtosecond lasers) and parametric oscillators, coherent matter waves, Doppler-free Fourier spectroscopy with optical frequency combs, interference spectroscopy, quantum optics, the interferometric detection of gravitational waves and still more applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering.
Download or read book Principles and Practice of Variable Pressure Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy VP ESEM written by Debbie Stokes and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-12-22 with total page 247 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a simple starting point to VPSEM, especially for new users, technicians and students containing clear, concise explanations Crucially, the principles and applications outlined in this book are completely generic: i.e. applicable to all types of VPSEM, irrespective of manufacturer. Information presented will enable reader to turn principles into practice Published in association with the Royal Microscopical Society (RMS) -www.rms.org.uk
Download or read book Heat Transfer in Polymer Composite Materials written by Nicolas Boyard and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-03-28 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses general information, good practices and examples about thermo-physical properties, thermo-kinetic and thermo-mechanical couplings, instrumentation in thermal science, thermal optimization and infrared radiation.
Download or read book Nondestructive Characterization of Materials II written by Jean F. Bussière and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 750 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The possibility of nondestructively characterizing the microstruc ture, morphology or mechanical properties of materials is certainly a fascinating subject. In principle, such techniques can be used at all stages of a material's life - from the early stages of processing, to the end of a structural component's useful life. Interest in the subject thus arises not only from a purely scientific point of view but is also strongly motivated by economic pressures to improve productivity and quality in manufacturing, to insure the reliability and extend the life of existing structures. The present volume represents the edited papers presented at the Second International Symposium on the Nondestructive Characterization of Materials, held in Montreal, Canada, July 21-23, 1986. The Proceedings are divided into eight sections, which reflect the multidisciplinary nature of characterizing materials nondestructively: Polymers and Composites, Ceramics and Powder Metallurgy, Metals, Layered Structures/Adhesive Bonds/Welding, Degradation/Aging, Texture/ Anisotropy, Stress, and New Techniques. Invited papers by R. Hadcock of Grumman Aircraft Systems, R. Cannon of Rutgers University, H. Yada of Nippon Steel and R. Bridenbaugh of Alcoa review respectively the processing of polymer matrix composites, ceramics, steel and aluminum, emphasizing the need for material property sensors to improve process and quality control. Two other invited papers, one by A. Wedgwood of Harwell and the other by P. Holler of the IzFP in Saarbrucken review state of the art techniques to characterize particulate matter and metals respectively.
Download or read book Soil Analysis written by J. Gautheyrou and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to provide a better understanding of tools for soil analysis in order to use them more efficiently. It covers sampling problems as well as difficulties relating to actual analysis and quality control.
Download or read book Perovskite and Piezoelectric Materials written by Someshwar Pola and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigating in the area of perovskite materials and the fabrication of devices for properties in optoelectronics, we have presented a brief outline of perovskite materials. The authors present a fairly comprehensive arrangement of this very active area of research, with its past changes and present position and outlooks. Discussions are presented regarding photocatalysis, fabrication of solar cell devices and their stability, lead-free materials, as well as thermoelectric and piezoelectric applications. In view of the present status of perovskite materials, I am assured that each chapter of the book will be of boundless encouragement for researchers, scientists, and academicians working in this field.
Download or read book Coherent Vibrational Dynamics written by Guglielmo Lanzani and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2007-11-29 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remarkable developments in the spectroscopy field regarding ultrashort pulse generation have led to the possibility of producing light pulses ranging from 50 to5 fs and frequency tunable from the near infrared to the ultraviolet range. Such pulses enable us to follow the coupling of vibrational motion to the electronic transitions in molecules and
Download or read book Matter and Methods at Low Temperatures written by Frank Pobell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aim of this book is to provide information about performing experi ments at low temperatures, as well as basic facts concerning the low tem perature properties of liquid and solid matter. To orient the reader, I begin with chapters on these low temperature properties. The major part of the book is then devoted to refrigeration techniques and to the physics on which they are based. Of equal importance, of course, are the definition and measurement of temperature; hence low temperature thermometry is extensively discussed in subsequent chapters. Finally, I describe a variety of design and construction techniques which have turned out to be useful over the years. The content of the book is based on the three-hour-per-week lecture course which I have given several times at the University of Bayreuth between 1983 and 1991. It should be particularly suited for advanced stu dents whose intended masters (diploma) or Ph.D. subject is experimental condensed matter physics at low temperatures. However, I believe that the book will also be of value to experienced scientists, since it describes sev eral very recent advances in experimental low temperature physics and technology, for example, new developments in nuclear refrigeration and thermometry.
Download or read book Laser Spectroscopy written by Wolfgang Demtröder and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-05-31 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Keeping abreast of the latest techniques and applications, this new edition of the standard reference and graduate text on laser spectroscopy has been completely revised and expanded. While the general concept is unchanged, the new edition features a broad array of new material, including applications in chemical analysis, medical diagnostics, and engineering. No other book with such a broad scope is available. The author is one of the most renowned experts in this area. The book is well illustrated, and is supplemented by an extensive set of references. It will benefit all students and scientists working in the field.
Download or read book Precision Measurement and Fundamental Constants Proceedings written by United States. National Bureau of Standards and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Soil Analysis written by Marc Pansu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-04-18 with total page 996 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is a reference guide for selecting and carrying out numerous methods of soil analysis. It is written in accordance with analytical standards and quality control approaches. It covers a large body of technical information including protocols, tables, formulae, spectrum models, chromatograms and additional analytical diagrams. The approaches are diverse, from the simplest tests to the most sophisticated determination methods.
