Download or read book Controlled Ecological Life Support System written by David T. Smernoff and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minority Biomedical Research Support Program written by and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Department of Energy s Support for the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory SREL written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Technology (2007). Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomass Modification Characterization and Process Monitoring Analytics to Support Biofuel and Biomaterial Production written by Robert Henry and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-06-09 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into renewable fuels and other commodities has provided an appealing alternative towards supplanting global dependence on fossil fuels. The suitability of multitudes of plants for deconstruction to useful precursor molecules and products is currently being evaluated. These studies have probed a variety of phenotypic traits, including cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharide, lignin, and lignin monomer composition, glucose and xylose production following enzymatic hydrolysis, and an assessment of lignin-carbohydrate and lignin-lignin linkages, to name a few. These quintessential traits can provide an assessment of biomass recalcitrance, enabling researchers to devise appropriate deconstruction strategies. Plants with high polysaccharide and lower lignin contents have been shown to breakdown to monomeric sugars more readily. Not all plants contain ideal proportions of the various cell wall constituents, however. The capabilities of biotechnology can alleviate this conundrum by tailoring the chemical composition of plants to be more favorable for conversion to sugars, fuels, etc. Increases in the total biomass yield, cellulose content, or conversion efficiency through, for example, a reduction in lignin content, are pathways being evaluated to genetically improve plants for use in manufacturing biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Although plants have been previously domesticated for food and fiber production, the collection of phenotypic traits prerequisite for biofuel production may necessitate new genetic breeding schemes. Given the plethora of potential plants available for exploration, rapid analytical methods are needed to more efficiently screen through the bulk of samples to hone in on which feedstocks contain the desired chemistry for subsequent conversion to valuable, renewable commodities. The standard methods for analyzing biomass and related intermediates and finished products are laborious, potentially toxic, and/or destructive. They may also necessitate a complex data analysis, significantly increasing the experimental time and add unwanted delays in process monitoring, where delays can incur in significant costs. Advances in thermochemical and spectroscopic techniques have enabled the screening of thousands of plants for different phenotypes, such as cell-wall cellulose, non-cellulosic polysaccharide, and lignin composition, lignin monomer composition, or monomeric sugar release. Some instrumental methods have been coupled with multivariate analysis, providing elegant chemometric predictive models enabling the accelerated identification of potential feedstocks. In addition to the use of high-throughput analytical methods for the characterization of feedstocks based on phenotypic metrics, rapid instrumental techniques have been developed for the real-time monitoring of diverse processes, such as the efficacy of a specific pretreatment strategy, or the formation of end products, such as biofuels and biomaterials. Real-time process monitoring techniques are needed for all stages of the feedstocks-to-biofuels conversion process in order to maximize efficiency and lower costs by monitoring and optimizing performance. These approaches allow researchers to adjust experimental conditions during, rather than at the conclusion, of a process, thereby decreasing overhead expenses. This Frontiers Research Topic explores options for the modification of biomass composition and the conversion of these feedstocks into to biofuels or biomaterials and the related innovations in methods for the analysis of the composition of plant biomass, and advances in assessing up- and downstream processes in real-time. Finally, a review of the computational models available for techno-economic modeling and lifecycle analysis will be presented.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 1064 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A New Spectrophotometer for Measuring Ultraviolet Sky Brightness and Direct Solar Radiation written by Paul Bener and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A transportable spectrophotometer for measuring ultraviolet sky brightness and solar radiation from 295 to 400 millimicrons is described. This instrument serves for a study of atmospheric scattering by comparing measured and theoretical values of intensity. Its main components are: A double monochromator Zeiss MM 12, a telescope, a photomultiplier enclosed in a cooling box and a mounting for following the sun and scanning the sky according to the astronomical and horizontal system respectively. Neutral attenuation filters are applied to bridge the interval of brightness (100,000) between sun and sky and to adapt the sensitivity to the varying sky brightness. The components of sky brightness polarized parallel and normal to the entrance slit are measured separately. An effective spectral bandwidth between 0.9 and 2.5 millimicrons is normally applied. Mean values of the signal current are measured by means of a Keithley 610 A electrometer and a voltage-to-frequency converter. Photon counting is applied for the lowest levels of intensity. The overall accuracy amounts to plus or minus 7% for intensity and to plus or minus 3% to 5% for the ratio between sky brightness and solar radiation.
Download or read book Meeting Security Challenges Through Data Analytics and Decision Support written by E. Shahbazian and published by IOS Press. This book was released on 2016-11-24 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sheer quantity of widely diverse data which now results from multiple sources presents a problem for decision-makers and analysts, who are finding it impossible to cope with the ever-increasing flow of material. This has potentially serious consequences for the quality of decisions and operational processes in areas such as counterterrorism and security. This book presents the papers delivered at the NATO Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) 'Meeting Security Challenges through Data Analytics and Decision Support’, held in Aghveran, Armenia, in June 2015. The aim of the conference was to promote and enhance cooperation and dialogue between NATO and Partner countries on the subject of effective decision support for security applications. The attendance of many leading scientists from a variety of backgrounds and disciplines provided the opportunity to improve mutual understanding, as well as cognizance of the specific requirements and issues of Cyber Physical Social Systems (CPPS) and the technical advances pertinent to all collaborative human-centric information support systems in a variety of applications. The book is divided into 3 sections: counter terrorism: methodology and applications; maritime and border security; and cyber security, and will be of interest to all those involved in decision-making processes based on the analysis of big data.
Download or read book Physical Analytical and Spectro Electrochemistry General 214th ECS Meeting PRiME 2008 written by Paul C. Trulove and published by The Electrochemical Society. This book was released on 2009-03 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The papers included in this issue of ECS Transactions were originally presented in the symposium ¿Physical, Analytical, and Spectro-Electrochemistry General Session¿, held during the PRiME 2008 joint international meeting of The Electrochemical Society and The Electrochemical Society of Japan, with the technical cosponsorship of the Japan Society of Applied Physics, the Korean Electrochemical Society, the Electrochemistry Division of the Royal Australian Chemical Institute, and the Chinese Society of Electrochemistry. This meeting was held in Honolulu, Hawaii, from October 12 to 17, 2008.
Download or read book STAR written by and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 936 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metal Oxide Catalysis 2 Volume Set written by S. David Jackson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-11-24 with total page 916 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With its two-volume structure, this handbook and ready reference allows for comprehensive coverage of both characterization and applications, while uniform editing throughout ensures that the structure remains consistent. The result is an up-to-date review of metal oxides in catalysis. The first volume covers a range of techniques that are used to characterize oxides, with each chapter written by an expert in the field. Volume 2 goes on to cover the use of metal oxides in catalytic reactions. For all chemists and engineers working in the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
Download or read book Hearings written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Armed Services and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 1630 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Biomedical Index to PHS supported Research Project number listing investigator listing written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Report summaries written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Minority Biomedical Support Program written by National Institutes of Health (U.S.). Division of Research Resources and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Chemical Spectroscopy and Photochemistry in the Vacuum Ultraviolet written by Camille Sandorfy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 599 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is probably safe to predict that the future of chemistry is linked to the excited states of molecules and to other short lived species, ions and free radicals. Molecules have only one ground state but many excited states. However large the scope of normal, ground state chemistry might be, above and beyond it lies the world of excited states, each one having its own chemis try. The electronic transitions leading to the excited states, either discrete of continuous, are examined in molecular elec tronic spectroscopy. Electronic spectroscopy is the queen of all spectroscopies: for if we have the resolution we have everything. Vnfortunately, the chemist who is interested in the structure and reactions of larger molecules must often renounce all that infor mation. The spectra are complex and often diffuse; resolution does not always help. To understand such spectra he must look at whole families of molecules; to some extent structural analogies help. Let us call this chemical spectroscopy and handle it with care. In order to understand the properties of molecules we also need theory. We know that molecular problems are, in principle, soluble by the methods of quantum mechanics. Present time quan tum chemistry is able to provide a nearly accurate description of not too large molecules in their ground states. It is probablY again safe to predict that the future of quantum chemistry is connected with molecular excited states or, generally spoken, the accurate handling of the open-shell problem.
Download or read book Optical Spectroscopy written by Nikolai V. Tkachenko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-06-06 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Optical Spectroscopy bridges a gap by providing a background on optics while focusing on spectroscopic methodologies, tools and instrumentations. The book introduces the most widely used steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic techniques, makes comparisions between them, and provides the methodology for estimating the most important characteristics of the techniques such as sensitivity and time resolution. Recent developments in lasers, optics and electronics has had a significant impact on modern optical spectroscopic methods and instrumentations. Combining the newest lasers, advanced detectors and other high technology components researchers are able to assemble a spectroscopic instrument with characteristics that were hardly achievable a decade ago. This book will help readers to sourse spectroscopy tools to solve their problems by providing information on the most widely used methods while introducing readers to the principles of quantitative analysis of the application range for each methodology. In addition, background information is provided on optics, optical measurements and laser physics, which is of crucial importance for spectroscopic applications.* provides an overview of the most popular absorption/emission spectroscopy techniques* discusses application range, advantages and disadvantages are compared for different spectroscopy methods* provides introductions to the relevant topics such as optics and laser physics
Download or read book Laboratory Investigations in Support of Fluid Bed Fluoride Volatility Processes written by Martin J. Steindler and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
