Download or read book Boundary Layer Parameterization for a Global Spectral Model written by Larry Mahrt and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Much of the work has concentrated on interactions between the soil model and the model of the atmospheric boundary layer and the behavior of the boundary-layer package within the Air Force Global Spectral Model. Such studies have underscored the importance of the formulation of surface properties and transport within the underlying soil. Work during the contract period also focussed on elimination of several inadequacies of boundary-layer modelling. The inclusion of the statistical impact of subgrid variations of surface properties leads to a surface exchange coefficient which varies more smoothly with stability and does not decrease as rapidly with very stable conditions. Such modifications reduce the nocturnal cooling which is usually overestimated in boundary-layer models. Other improvements of the boundary-layer model in stable conditions have resulted from increasing the critical Richardson number in the boundary-layer depth formulation and adopting the Kondo formulation for the eddy diffusivity. The development of a formulation for boundary-layer cumulus has allowed inclusion of cloud-induced drying. Although this formulation leads to significant improvement of the boundary-layer predictions in cloudy situations, the general problem is far from solved. Keywords: Atmospheric boundary layer; Surface energy balance; Soil model; Stable layer parameterization; Surface fluxes. (jhd).
Download or read book Boundary Layer Flows written by Vallampati Ramachandra Prasad and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2020-01-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by experts in the field, this book, "Boundary Layer Flows - Theory, Applications, and Numerical Methods" provides readers with the opportunity to explore its theoretical and experimental studies and their importance to the nonlinear theory of boundary layer flows, the theory of heat and mass transfer, and the dynamics of fluid. With the theory's importance for a wide variety of applications, applied mathematicians, scientists, and engineers - especially those in fluid dynamics - along with engineers of aeronautics, will undoubtedly welcome this authoritative, up-to-date book.
Download or read book Workshop on Micrometeorology written by Niels E. Busch and published by . This book was released on 1973-01-01 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the mechanics of atmospheric turbulenceniels. Turbulent transfer in the atmospheric surface layer. On surface layer turbulence. Towe micrometeorology hans. Simularity laws and scale relations in planetary boundary layers. Numerical modeling of the planetary boundary layer. Three dimensional numerical modeling of the planetary boundary layer. Construction of a dynamic model of the production of atmospheric turbulence and the dispersal of atmospheric pollutants coleman.
Download or read book The Atmospheric Boundary Layer written by J. R. Garratt and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1994-04-21 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive and lucid account of the science of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). There is an emphasis on the application of the ABL to numerical modelling of the climate. The book comprises nine chapters, several appendices (data tables, information sources, physical constants) and an extensive reference list. Chapter 1 serves as an introduction, with chapters 2 and 3 dealing with the development of mean and turbulence equations, and the many scaling laws and theories that are the cornerstone of any serious ABL treatment. Modelling of the ABL is crucially dependent for its realism on the surface boundary conditions, and chapters 4 and 5 deal with aerodynamic and energy considerations, with attention to both dry and wet land surfaces and sea. The structure of the clear-sky, thermally stratified ABL is treated in chapter 6, including the convective and stable cases over homogeneous land, the marine ABL and the internal boundary layer at the coastline. Chapter 7 then extends the discussion to the cloudy ABL. This is seen as particularly relevant, since the extensive stratocumulus regions over the subtropical oceans and stratus regions over the Arctic are now identified as key players in the climate system. Finally, chapters 8 and 9 bring much of the book's material together in a discussion of appropriate ABL and surface parameterization schemes in general circulation models of the atmosphere that are being used for climate simulation.
Download or read book Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Wind Effects on Buildings and Structures written by Keith John Eaton and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1977 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Describes developments in the areas of meteorology, aerodynamics and structural engineering, which effects the wind on buildings and structures.
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spectral Sensing Research For Surface And Air Monitoring In Chemical Biological And Radiological Defense And Security Applications written by Jean-marc Theriault and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2009-08-11 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides unique perspectives on the state of the art in multispectral/hyperspectral techniques for early-warning monitoring against chemical, biological and radiological (CB&R) contamination of both surface (e.g. land) and air (e.g. atmospheric) environments through the presentation of a comprehensive survey of the novel spectroscopic methodologies and technologies that are emerging to address the CB&R defense and security challenges of the future. The technical content in this book lends itself to the non-traditional requirements for point and stand-off detection that have evolved out of the US joint services programs over many years. In particular, the scientific and technological work presented seeks to enable hyperspectral-based sensing and monitoring that is in real time and in-line; low in cost and labor requirements; and easy to support, maintain and use in military and security-relevant scenarios.
Download or read book Coastal Meteorology written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-02-01 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Almost half the U.S. population lives along the coast. In another 20 years this population is expected to more than double in size. The unique weather and climate of the coastal zone, circulating pollutants, altering storms, changing temperature, and moving coastal currents affect air pollution and disaster preparedness, ocean pollution, and safeguarding near-shore ecosystems. Activities in commerce, industry, transportation, freshwater supply, safety, recreation, and national defense also are affected. The research community engaged in studies of coastal meteorology in recent years has made significant advancements in describing and predicting atmospheric properties along coasts. Coastal Meteorology reviews this progress and recommends research that would increase the value and application of what is known today.
Download or read book The Atmosphere and Climate of Mars written by Robert M. Haberle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-29 with total page 613 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume reviews all aspects of Mars atmospheric science from the surface to space, and from now and into the past.
Download or read book Mountain Weather Research and Forecasting written by Fotini K. Chow and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-08-30 with total page 760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting chal- lenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.
Download or read book Computational and Numerical Simulations written by Jan Awrejcewicz and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational and Numerical Simulations is an edited book including 20 chapters. Book handles the recent research devoted to numerical simulations of physical and engineering systems. It presents both new theories and their applications, showing bridge between theoretical investigations and possibility to apply them by engineers of different branches of science. Numerical simulations play a key role in both theoretical and application oriented research.
Download or read book Applied Mechanics Reviews written by and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 520 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Modeling of Atmospheric Chemistry written by Guy P. Brasseur and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-06-19 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematical modeling of atmospheric composition is a formidable scientific and computational challenge. This comprehensive presentation of the modeling methods used in atmospheric chemistry focuses on both theory and practice, from the fundamental principles behind models, through to their applications in interpreting observations. An encyclopaedic coverage of methods used in atmospheric modeling, including their advantages and disadvantages, makes this a one-stop resource with a large scope. Particular emphasis is given to the mathematical formulation of chemical, radiative, and aerosol processes; advection and turbulent transport; emission and deposition processes; as well as major chapters on model evaluation and inverse modeling. The modeling of atmospheric chemistry is an intrinsically interdisciplinary endeavour, bringing together meteorology, radiative transfer, physical chemistry and biogeochemistry, making the book of value to a broad readership. Introductory chapters and a review of the relevant mathematics make this book instantly accessible to graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric sciences.
Download or read book Observing Global Climate Change written by Kyrill Ya Kondratyev and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-12-14 with total page 590 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collaborative book aims to offer a comprehensive introduction to global climate, the way it is currently changing, the role of earth, air and satellite observation and monitoring, and subsequent climate modelling. It focuses on the interaction between natural and anthropogenic human- made change factors. The book emphasizes the importance of capturing climatic data and the use of that data in computer-based climatic modelling.
Download or read book The Atmosphere over Mountainous Regions written by Miguel A. C. Teixeira and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-11-09 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountainous regions occupy a significant fraction of the Earth's continents and are characterized by specific meteorological phenomena operating on a wide range of scales. Being a home to large human populations, the impact of mountains on weather and hydrology has significant practical consequences. Mountains modulate the climate and create micro-climates, induce different types of thermally and dynamically driven circulations, generate atmospheric waves of various scales (known as mountain waves), and affect the boundary layer characteristics and the dispersion of pollutants. At the local scale, strong downslope winds linked with mountain waves (such as the Foehn and Bora) can cause severe damage. Mountain wave breaking in the high atmosphere is a source of Clear Air Turbulence, and lee wave rotors are a major near-surface aviation hazard. Mountains also act to block strongly stratified air layers, leading to the formation of valley cold air-pools (with implications for road safety, pollution, crop damage, etc.) and gap flows. Presently, neither the fine-scale structure of orographic precipitation nor the initiation of deep convection by mountainous terrain can be resolved adequately by regional-to global-scale models, requiring appropriate downscaling or parameterization. Additionally, the shortest mountain waves need to be parameterized in global weather and climate prediction models, because they exert a drag on the atmosphere. This drag not only decelerates the global atmospheric circulation, but also affects temperatures in the polar stratosphere, which control ozone depletion. It is likely that both mountain wave drag and orographic precipitation lead to non-trivial feedbacks in climate change scenarios. Measurement campaigns such as MAP, T-REX, Materhorn, COLPEX and i-Box provided a wealth of mountain meteorology field data, which is only starting to be explored. Recent advances in computing power allow numerical simulations of unprecedented resolution, e.g. LES modelling of rotors, mountain wave turbulence, and boundary layers in mountainous regions. This will lead to important advances in understanding these phenomena, as well as mixing and pollutant dispersion over complex terrain, or the onset and breakdown of cold air pools. On the other hand, recent analyses of global circulation biases point towards missing drag, especially in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to processes currently neglected in parameterizations. A better understanding of flow over orography is also crucial for a better management of wind power and a more effective use of data assimilation over complex terrain. This Research Topic includes contributions that aim to shed light on a number of these issues, using theory, numerical modelling, field measurements, and laboratory experiments.
Download or read book Computational Methods for the Atmosphere and the Oceans written by Roger Temam and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-06-16 with total page 797 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a survey of the frontiers of research in the numerical modeling and mathematical analysis used in the study of the atmosphere and oceans. The details of the current practices in global atmospheric and ocean models, the assimilation of observational data into such models and the numerical techniques used in theoretical analysis of the atmosphere and ocean are among the topics covered.• Truly interdisciplinary: scientific interactions between specialties of atmospheric and ocean sciences and applied and computational mathematics • Uses the approach of computational mathematicians, applied and numerical analysts and the tools appropriate for unsolved problems in the atmospheric and oceanic sciences• Contributions uniquely address central problems and provide a survey of the frontier of research
Download or read book Automated Coastal Engineering System written by David A. Leenknecht and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 684 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
