Download or read book Spectral Diagnosis of Skin Cancer written by Narasimhan Rajaram and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The number of skin cancer cases reported in the United States is increasing every year and nearly equals the total cancer cases detected from every other part of the body. Current detection strategies of skin cancers include a visual examination followed by a tissue biopsy. This procedure is subjective, invasive and time-consuming. Therefore, considering the number of cancer cases reported and the number biopsies performed, there is a critical need for a non-invasive diagnostic aid to help clinicians reduce the significantly large numbers of unnecessary biopsies. This dissertation presents a quantitative method based on optical spectroscopy for performing a non-invasive 'optical biopsy' of melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. We have developed the hardware, software and optical algorithms necessary to implement such a device. First, we present a novel lookup table-based model for determining the optical properties of tissue that is valid for fiber-based probe geometries with close source-detector separations and in highly absorbing tissue. These optical properties are quantitative parameters that can be correlated with the physiology of tissue. Second, we present experimental validation of the effects of microvasculature pigment packaging on diffuse reflectance spectra. We have conducted experiments using microfluidic devices over a physiologically relevant range of optical properties and blood vessel sizes. Third, we present the development of a probe-based portable and clinically compatible instrument capable of in vivo spectral measurements. The instrument combines two modalities -- diffuse reflectance and intrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy -- to provide complementary information regarding tissue morphology, function and biochemical composition. Finally, we present the results of a pilot clinical study using our portable instrument to determine the accuracy of spectral diagnosis of non-melanoma skin cancers. Our results show that the mean optical properties and fluorophore contributions of normal skin and non-melanoma skin cancers are significantly different from each other and can potentially be used as biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of skin cancer.
Download or read book Clinical Non invasive in Vivo Diagnosis of Skin Cancer Using Multimodal Spectral Diagnosis written by Liang Lim and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this thesis is to study the potential of optical spectroscopy as a clinical diagnostic tool for melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States. Like most cancers, early diagnosis and treatment improves patient prognosis for both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer. However, current "gold standard" for diagnosis is invasive, costly and time-consuming. A diagnostic procedure consists of a clinical examination of the suspicious lesion, followed by biopsy and histopathology, with an additional turnaround time of approximately one week. There is a need for an accurate, objective, noninvasive, and faster method to aid physician in diagnosing cancerous lesions, increasing diagnosis accuracy while preventing unnecessary biopsies. We propose Spectral Diagnosis, a system capable of noninvasive in vivo spectroscopic examination of human skin. The research objectives are: (1) Probe pressure effects on in vivo spectroscopy measurements of human skin, (2) Clinical trial of Spectral Diagnosis, (3) Design, construction, and characterization of a confocal Raman microspectroscope. Spectral Diagnosis utilizes an optical fiber probe that transmits and collects optical spectra in contact with the suspected lesion. We identified short term and light probe pressure effects to be minimal on diagnostic parameters, and should not negatively influence diagnostic performance. We conducted a clinical trial at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, and our results show that principal components from three spectroscopy modalities (diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) provide excellent melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer diagnosis. We also constructed and characterized a Raman microspectroscope, with the goal of developing a physiological-based fitting model to better understand the analysis of in vivo Raman spectroscopy data from human skin tissue.
Download or read book Pathology and Genetics of Skin Tumours written by International Academy of Pathology and published by IARC. This book was released on 2006 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pathology and Genetics of Skin Tumours is the latest volume in the new WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours. This publication, offers an authorative and concise reference book, providing an international standard for dermatologists, pathologists and oncologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies monitoring response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in strictly disease-oriented manner. Sections on all WHO-recognized neoplasms and their variants include ICD-O codes, incidence, age and sex distribution, location, clinical signs and symptoms, pathology, genetics, and predictive factors. The book, prepared by more than 150 authors from 20 countries, contains 648 colour photographs, clinical images and charts, amd more than 2600 references. This volume covers keratinocytic, melanocytic, appendageal, haematopoietic, soft tissue and neural tumours, as well as inherited tumour syndromes. Each entity is extensively discussed with information on clinicopathological, epidemiological, immunophenotypic and genetic aspects of these diseases.
Download or read book Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Cancer written by Valery V. Tuchin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-10-23 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides an in-depth description and discussion of different multi-modal diagnostic techniques for cancer detection and treatment using exact optical methods, their comparison, and combination. Coverage includes detailed descriptions of modern state of design for novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics; multi-modal methods for earlier cancer diagnostic enhancing the probability of effective cancer treatment; modern clinical trials with novel methods of clinical cancer diagnostics; medical and technical aspects of clinical cancer diagnostics, and long-term monitoring. Biomedical engineers, cancer researchers, and scientists will find the book to be an invaluable resource. Introduces optical imaging strategies; Focuses on multimodal optical diagnostics as a fundamental approach; Discusses novel methods of optical non-invasive cancer diagnostics.
Download or read book Non Invasive Technologies for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin Cancer E Book written by Darrell S. Rigel and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2017-09-16 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This issue of Dermatologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Darrell S. Rigel and Aaron S. Farberg, is devoted to Non-Invasive Technologies for the Diagnosis of Skin Cancer. Articles in this issue include: Current state and issues of clinical inspection; Tele-dermatology applications in skin cancer diagnosis; Enhancing skin cancer diagnosis with dermoscopy; Mole Mapping for management of pigmented skin lesions; Temporal image comparison (Serial Imaging) in assessing pigmented lesions; Multispectral digital skin lesion imaging and analysis; Using reflectance confocal microscopy in skin cancer diagnosis; Optical Coherence Tomography in the diagnosis of skin cancer; Electrical impedance spectroscopy in skin cancer diagnosis; The use of Raman Spectroscopy to detect and diagnose skin cancer; Applying high frequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of skin cancer; Proteomic mass spectrometery imaging for skin cancer diagnosis; Assessing skin cancer using epidermal genetic information retrieved by tape stripping; Smartphone-based applications for skin monitoring and melanoma detection; Detection of aberrations in cellular DNA in diagnosis and assessment of skin cancer; Assessing genetic expression profiles in melanoma diagnosis; Assessing genetic expression profiles in melanoma prognosis; and Integrating skin cancer related technologies into clinical practice.
Download or read book Development of a new spectral imaging system for the diagnosis of skin cancer written by Xana Delpueyo Español and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The incidence of skin cancer in Europe, US and Australia has been rising rapidly. Skin cancer accounts for one in three cancers worldwide and a person has 1:25 chance to develop a melanoma, the most aggressive form. Visual inspection followed by histological examination is, still today, the gold standard for clinicians, which is carried out through a dermoscope, a handheld device with a magnifying lens and a white and uniform illumination field. The dermoscopic technique requires considerable training in the interpretation of what is seen and is highly dependent on subjective impressions. In consequence, a large number of unnecessary surgical procedures are performed. For this reason, in this thesis a spectral imaging system to improve skin cancer diagnosis has been developed. This work has been carried out in the framework of the European project DIAGNOPTICS "Diagnosis of skin cancer using optics", which aimed to launch a hospital service based on a multiphotonic platform to improve skin cancer with the combination of four non-invasive novel techniques: 3D and multispectral imaging, optical feedback interferometry and confocal microscopy. The handheld system built included a monochromatic CCD camera attached to an objective lens and a light source containing 32 light emitting diodes (LEDs) with 8 spectral bands from 400 nm to 1000 nm. An acquisition software to control all the components of the multispectral system was programmed as well as a simplest version for physicians. The changes over time of the emission of the LEDs was analysed, and also the linear response of the camera at each wavelength, the uniformity of the LED emission and the short and long-term repeatability of the system in acquiring images, to ensure the good performance of the system. In order to proceed with the Ethical Committee approval and to launch the systems in both hospitals, irradiance and radiance measurements were done according to the standard UNE-EN 62471. A Graphical User Interface (GUI) was developed for the spectral images processing and corresponding analysis, allowing spectral and colorimetric features to be computed in terms of reflectance, absorbance and colour parameters. Furthermore, a segmentation algorithm was also implemented to extract the isolated information from the lesion. For all images calculated in terms of any of the parameters, conventional statistical descriptors were obtained. As a first approach to extracting textural information we also used the analysis of the statistical properties of the histogram. An inclusion criteria and a measurement protocol were established. From all lesions analysed, 620 were measured with the multispectral system, 572 of them had a clinical or histopathological diagnosis, and 502 could be properly segmented. Therefore, 429 skin lesions were finally included in the study: 290 nevi, 95 melanomas and 44 basal cell carcinomas. A classification algorithm was developed in order to decide whether the lesions were malignant (melanomas and basal cell carcinomas) or not (nevi), splitting previously the data into training and validations set of the same size. 15 parameters from 1309 were found to be not redundant providing a 91.3% of sensitivity and 54.5% of specificity. Accordingly, the addition of textural information was shown to be useful for the diagnosis of malignant lesions than the sole use of averaged spectral and colour information. The same steps were carried out for the 3D imaging system also included in the multiphotonic platform. In this case, 3 parameters were found to be useful for the classification providing values of 55.6% and 83.7% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. Finally, the combination of both system was also tested as a first attempt to improve the detection of melanomas, providing 100% and 72.2% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively. However, the conclusions reached in this case should be taken with caution due to the limited number of lesions.
Download or read book Skin Cancer A World Wide Perspective written by Reinhard Dummer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 395 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decades the incidence of skin cancers is dramatically increasing world-wide. This is not only confined to the incidence of melanoma but includes also other skin cancers such as basal cell carcinomas. Based on the recent WHO classification of skin cancers, this lavishly illustrated reference book covers comprehensively the epidemiology, histology and pathology, as well as diagnostic signs and treatment options of skin cancers. Homogenously and reader-friendly structured, it links the diagnostic and genetic features of each disease in order to guide the reader to the most appropriate therapeutic strategies for the best possible treatment outcome. In order to demonstrate the world wide activities in the field, all chapters cover the variations of the individual experiences and expertise in different nations.
Download or read book Dermoscopy in General Dermatology written by Aimilios Lallas and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-09-03 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This lavishly illustrated guide from experts will enable practitioners to get the most out of dermoscopy for investigations and treatments in general dermatology.
Download or read book The Surgeon General s Call to Action to Prevent Skin Cancer written by Office of Office of the Surgeon and published by . This book was released on 2019-07-27 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This document is a Call to Action to partners in prevention from various sectors across the nation to address skin cancer as a major public health problem. Many partners are essential to this effort, including federal, state, tribal, local, and territorial governments; members of the business, health care, and education sectors; community, nonprofit, and faith-based organizations; and individuals and families. The goal of this document is to increase awareness of skin cancer and to call for actions to reduce its risk.The first section describes the problem of skin cancer and its major risk factors. It also discusses the relationship between exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and health. The second section describes the current evidence on preventing skin cancer, including current initiatives in the United States and in other countries. The third section describes the gaps in research related to skin cancer prevention, highlighting areas of research where more work is needed. The fourth section identifies specific opportunities to prevent skin cancer by reducing UV exposure in the U.S. population and calls for nationwide action.
Download or read book Biophysical Basis of Skin Cancer Detection Using Raman Spectroscopy written by Xu Feng and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The goal of this dissertation is to study the potential of Raman spectroscopy in improving the clinical diagnosis of skin cancer, including two main applications: noninvasive screening of melanoma skin cancer and surgical margin detection of nonmelanoma skin cancer. Skin cancer is the most common type of malignancy, accounting for over 5.4 million cases and 10 thousand deaths per year in the United States alone. Like most cancers, the current “gold standard” diagnosis relies on biopsy and histopathology, which is invasive, time-consuming, and costly. Moreover, large numbers of benign lesions are biopsied for melanoma diagnosis, resulting in substantial financial burden and patient discomfort. Therefore, an urgent need exists to develop a noninvasive, fast, and accurate method for skin cancer detection. The first part of the dissertation focuses on exploring the biophysical origin of in vivo melanoma detection. Our group has previously reported on the development of a clinical Raman spectroscopy system towards spectral biopsy of skin; however, the biochemical changes that Raman spectroscopy relies on for accurate melanoma diagnosis remained unclear. As a result, we proposed a biophysical inverse model to address this issue. To build the model, we established a custom confocal Raman microscope to extract in situ human skin constituents spanning normal and various diseased states. Our results indicate collagen, elastin, keratin, cell nucleus, triolein, ceramide, melanin, and water are the most important model components. Furthermore, collagen and triolein are the most relevant markers to discriminate malignant melanoma from benign nevi. The second part of the dissertation discusses the biophysical basis of nonmelanoma skin cancer margin delineation. We discovered the diagnostic markers to accurately differentiate tumor from normal skin, which is critical to maximize positive patient outcomes in skin cancer surgery. The biochemical changes derived from our model were highly correlated with histopathological diagnosis. We further demonstrated the feasibility of a superpixel acquisition approach for rapid classification of tumor boundaries in skin biopsies. Our results suggest Raman spectroscopy will be a powerful tool for intraoperative surgical guidance
Download or read book Multispectral Imaging Methods for the Diagnosis of Skin Cancer Lesions written by Chenxue Liang and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin cancer is the most prevalent form of cancer, and melanoma is one of the most threat disease of it. But it can be cured if it is detected early enough. Multispectral imaging is a potential method to differenciate melanoma from nevi as it provides spectral images with information of absorbance and reflectance. With this aim, spectral images along the visible and near infrared range (from 415nm to 995nm) of 165 lesions including nevi, melanomas and basal cell carcinomas were processed in this master thesis. After obtaining all data in terms of reflectance and absorbance and other related parameters for each pixel of the segmented lesions, a statistical analysis was carried out to quantify their spatial distribution all over each lesion. Algorithms such as Support vector machine (SVM) and Discriminant Analysis (DA) were used as a means of classifying the lesions. The results show that DA linear classifier provides a better diagnosis than the SVM. BCCs are easier to discriminate from nevi than melanomas.
Download or read book A Probabilistic Framework for Detection of Skin Cancer by Raman Spectra written by Sigurdur Sigurdsson and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Skin Cancer Detection by Oblique incidence Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy written by Elizabeth Brooks Smith and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Skin cancer is the most common form of cancer and it is on the rise. If skin cancer is diagnosed early enough, the survival rate is close to 90%. Oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance (OIR) spectroscopy offers a technology that may be used in the clinic to aid physicians in diagnosing both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. The system includes a halogen light source, a fiber optic probe, an imaging spectrograph, a charge coupled device (CCD) camera, and a computer. Light is delivered to the skin surface via optical fibers in the probe. After interacting with the skin, the light is collected and sent to the spectrograph that generates optical spectra. Images and histopathological diagnoses were obtained from 250 lesions at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (Melanoma and Skin Center). To classify OIR data, an image processing algorithm was developed and evaluated for both pigmented and non-pigmented lesions. The continuous wavelet transform and the genetic algorithm were employed to extract optimal classification features. Bayes decision rule was used to categorize spatiospectral images based on the selected classification features. The overall classification accuracy for pigmented melanomas and severely dysplastic nevi is 100%. The overall classification accuracy for non-pigmented skin cancers and severely dysplastic nevi is 93.33%. Oblique-incidence diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and the developed algorithms have high classification rates and may prove useful in the clinic as the process is fast, noninvasive and accurate.
Download or read book Skin Cancer and UV Radiation written by Peter Altmeyer and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 1476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: UV radiation is recognized as the major risk factor for skin can cer. For the last three decades the incidence and mortality of skin cancer have been increasing steadily in almost all parts of the world. Unfortunately, there have been very few advances in the management and treatment of skin cancer. In comparison to other malignant tumors, skin cancer offers the unique opportuni ty to identify this tumor at an early stage. Thus, there is strong interest in preventing death by early diagnosis and prompt treat ment. The proceedings of the International Congress on Skin Cancer and UV Radiation which was held in Bochum Germany in October 1996, reflect the newest scientific standards in the field of skin cancer. The conference in Bochum was a platform for leading scientists from all over the world to discuss the complexity and diversity of UV radiation in its interaction with the skin. Starting with basic science like physiology, immunology, and molecular biochemistry of the skin as influenced by UV radiati on, the book presents a profound survey into the field of skin can cer by focusing on the latest scientific results in prevention, early detection, treatment, and epidemiology. The congress in Bochum in 1996 was organized to provide a starting point for coordinated European strategies against skin cancer with internationally renown scientists.
Download or read book Cutaneous Melanoma written by and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development of Combined Raman Spectroscopy optical Coherence Tomography for the Detection of Skin Cancer written by Chetan Appasaheb Patil and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Imaging in Dermatology written by Michael R. Hamblin and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-07-29 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Imaging in Dermatology covers a large number of topics in dermatological imaging, the use of lasers in dermatology studies, and the implications of using these technologies in research. Written by the experts working in these exciting fields, the book explicitly addresses not only current applications of nanotechnology, but also discusses future trends of these ever-growing and rapidly changing fields, providing clinicians and researchers with a clear understanding of the advantages and challenges of laser and imaging technologies in skin medicine today, along with the cellular and molecular effects of these technologies. Outlines the fundamentals of imaging and lasers for dermatology in clinical and research settings Provides knowledge of current and future applications of dermatological imaging and lasers Coherently structured book written by the experts working in the fields covered
