Download or read book Speciation of Mercury in Environmental Samples by Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry written by Brian T. Buckley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Mercury Speciation in Biological and Environmental Samples written by Zuzana Gajdosechova and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to evaluate ultra-trace concentrations of MeHg in various matrices, a new HPLC-CV-AFS method was developed. To achieve exceptionally low limits of detection (0.4 ng/L) Hg species are first trapped on the preconcentration column with possibility of on-line preconcentration of up to 200 mL of sample. Then trapped Hg species are eluted and separated on HPLC column and detected by CV-AFS. The robustness of the method was validated with 6 certified reference materials (DOLT-2, DOLT-4, DORM-3, TORT-2, IAEA-140/TM, ERM®-CC580), which showed recovery in the range of 88 – 104%. Moreover, a comparison between MeHg concentrations in the biological tissues carried out by species-specific isotope dilution gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and HPLC-CV-AFS showed very good correlation (R2 = 0.97) what is further advocating the reliability of the newly developed method.
Download or read book Speciation Studies in Soil Sediment and Environmental Samples written by Sezgin Bakirdere and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 611 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments clearly indicate that speciation studies in biological and environmental matrices are much more important than the total element determination due to the tremendous difference in bioavailability and toxicity of various chemical forms of a particular element. Different separation-detection techniques and hyphenated systems-each w
Download or read book Development of a Technique for Mercury Speciation and Quantification Using Gas Chromatography written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One element of concern to DOE is mercury. Mercury was used extensively at the DOE facilities in Oak Ridge, Tennessee from 1950 to 1963 in the process of making lithium deuteride, a component of nuclear weapons. Although both the inorganic and organometallic forms of mercury are toxic to humans, the organic compounds are often more toxic. Since the toxicity of mercury is a function of its chemical form, an understanding of the interactions between commercially discharged mercury, naturally occurring mercury, and the environment in which they are present is vital. In this report, the authors have been investigating gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for the analysis of both the organometallic and inorganic forms of mercury in the same environmental sample (e.g., solutions, soils, and sludges). Although gas chromatography is the classical technique for analyzing organic molecules, (e.g., organometallic compounds) little has been done on the analysis of inorganic compounds. In a previous publication, the authors described how a solid phase microextraction (SPME) fiber could be used to sample organomercurials from aqueous samples. An alkylation reaction was then carried out to transform chemically mercury nitrate into dimethylmercury; subsequent GC/MS analysis of this compound permitted quantification of the inorganic constituent. Subsequently, several different alkylation reagents have been synthesized that methylate any inorganic mercury compound to methylmercury iodide. Here, the authors report results on alkylation reaction time and the effect of pH on the population of the product.
Download or read book Global and Regional Mercury Cycles Sources Fluxes and Mass Balances written by W. Baeyens and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essential themes in the biochemical cycling of mercury are the relative importance of anthropogenic versus natural sources, transformation and migration processes at the local, regional and global scale, global emission inventories of different mercury sources (both point and diffuse) of both natural and anthropogenic origin. In this regard, Siberia, with its vast territory and variety of natural zones, is of special interest in the global mercury cycle and in terms of the influence of geographical zones on source and sink terms in regional budgets. Siberia contains large areas of mercuriferous belts; natural deposits that emit mercury into the atmosphere and water. Siberian gold has been mined with the use of mercury since the early 1800s. But there, too, huge forest zones and vast areas of tundra and wetland (bogs) can act as efficient sinks for atmospheric mercury. Audience: Environmental scientists, legislators, politicians and the interested citizen wishing to gain a clear picture of the biogeochemical cycling of mercury.
Download or read book Speciation Studies in Soil Sediment and Environmental Samples written by Sezgin Bakirdere and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-09-26 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent developments clearly indicate that speciation studies in biological and environmental matrices are much more important than the total element determination due to the tremendous difference in bioavailability and toxicity of various chemical forms of a particular element. Different separation-detection techniques and hyphenated systems—each with its own advantages and disadvantages with respect to precision, sensitivity and detection limit—have been developed for the identification and quantification of the species present in systems at ultra-trace levels. This book aims to evaluate the speciation analysis in depth and present a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art analytical approaches used for the speciation of elements in environmental samples.
Download or read book Speciation of Mercury by Chromatography Coupled with Atomic Spectrometry written by Helen Elisabeth Louise Armstrong and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Elemental Speciation written by Joseph A. Caruso and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-08-08 with total page 690 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This international collection of chapters comprehensively covers different aspects of procedures for speciation analysis at all levels starting from sample collection and storage, through sample preparation approaches to render the species chromatographable, principles of separation techniques used in speciation analysis, to the element specific detection. International renowned editors and contributors Includes coverage of electrochemical methods, biosensors for metal ions, radioisotope techniques and direct solid speciation techniques Provides information on quality assurance and risk assessment, and speciation-relevant legislation Each chapter is a stand-alone reference covering a given facet of elemental speciation analysis written by an expert in a given field with the volume as a whole providing an excellent introductory text and reference handbook.
Download or read book Determination and Speciation of Mercury in Sediment and Related Samples from Greece and Scotland written by Olga Cavoura and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mercury is a global pollutant. Research is needed to improve methods for Hg detection and improve understanding of its biogeochemical cycle and risks to human health. In this study, a simple, colorimetric method utilising the reaction of Hg with copper(I)iodide was characterised and adapted for screening marine samples, and the speciation and relationships of Hg with other sediment parameters in contaminated environments was examined. Field application of the colorimetric method indicated Hg concentrations in sediments from West Scotland, U.K., and Kifissos River, Greece, were below Canadian sediment quality guideline values of 0.13 and 0.17 mg/kg for marine and freshwater sediment respectively, whereas sediment from the Falkirk area of the Union Canal, U.K., and Elefsina Bay, Greece, had Hg concentrations above probable effect levels (0.49 and 0.7 mg/kg). Total sediment Hg concentrations, determined quantitatively using cold-vapour atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), ranged from 0.220 to 2.96 mg/kg in Elefsina Bay. Concentration was influenced by proximity to nearshore pollution sources but was not found to vary seasonally or be related to sediment organic matter content. Sequential extraction indicated that Hg speciation - hence mobility - varied between sites. No Hg was detected in the fish Mugil Cephalus indicating no threat to humans from consumption. Total sediment Hg concentrations in the Union Canal ranged from 22 to 1200 mg/kg. Both sequential extraction and speciation analysis using thermodesorption AAS indicated that ca.>70% of the Hg present was mobile. Analysis by gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed that the methylmercury content was
Download or read book Determination of Mercury and Antimony in Environmental and Food Matrices written by Sergio Carneado Moreno and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Food safety is an issue of vital importance in the world. It must be sustained so as to avoid pollution episodes in food, which subsequently could cause potential risks to health. The main approach of this thesis consist of the study of two particular food contamination cases: primary contamination of the aquatic media and the corresponding seafood with mercury, and direct contamination of beverages due to polyethylene terephthalate containers (PET) with antimony. To carry out these studies, the work was structured in three sections. The first one is the development of analytical methodology for the correct determination of mercury and antimony, in which atomic fluorescence spectrometry and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry were used to know the total content, whereas the coupling of the liquid chromatography to these detector was used for speciation. Additionally, online preconcentration methods for the speciation of these elements were successfully developed to determine the trace amounts present in the matrices under study, comprising tap and PET-bottled waters. The second section deals with the application of the developed methodology in real samples. Antimony was determined in PET-bottled waters, juices, spirits and PET bottles, obtaining concentrations under the limits established for the European Union, and different species depending on the matrix: Sb(V) for waters, Sb(III) for juices and both for spirits and PET extracts. Mercury was determined in seafood, obtaining concentrations beyond the limits for four predator fish, being methylmercury the predominant species. The third section consists of the study of the mechanisms of antimony migration from PET to beverages. To know the main variables which enhances migration, studies with waters, juices and spirits were performed at different times and temperatures. Results demonstrated that high temperatures (60oC) enhanced migration, as antimony concentration rapidly increased and the limit permitted was exceeded in waters and spirits. Differences among the matrices studied and the tendencies observed throughout time demonstrated that not only temperature, but also matrix characteristics and the type of PET had influence on migration. These facts were demonstrated with the performance of crossed migration experiments, using different types of PET bottles for the storage of the aforementioned matrices". -- TDX.
Download or read book Elemental Speciation written by Joseph A. Caruso and published by Elsevier Science Limited. This book was released on 2000 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hardbound. This book provides a comprehensive discussion of the major aspects involved in elemental speciation. Sample preparation, separation techniques, instrumentation and quality assurance are all discussed. In addition, individual chapters are devoted to speciation of environmental samples and speciation of biological, clinical, and nutritional samples. Individual chapters are written by leaders in the field, and the book has been organized so that the reader may learn how to collect a sample and prepare it. Ways to separate and detect analytes of interest, and steps to take to ensure the validity of the measurements are also discussed. This book is unique in its comprehensive treatment of this subject.
Download or read book Toxicological Profile for Mercury written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Speciation of mercury in environmental and biological matrices at ultra trace levels based on capillary gas chromatography and atomic spectrometry written by Håkan Emteborg and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology Two Volume Set written by J. Leon Shohet and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-12-12 with total page 1654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technical plasmas have a wide range of industrial applications. The Encyclopedia of Plasma Technology covers all aspects of plasma technology from the fundamentals to a range of applications across a large number of industries and disciplines. Topics covered include nanotechnology, solar cell technology, biomedical and clinical applications, electronic materials, sustainability, and clean technologies. The book bridges materials science, industrial chemistry, physics, and engineering, making it a must have for researchers in industry and academia, as well as those working on application-oriented plasma technologies. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]
Download or read book Organic Metal and Metalloid Species in the Environment written by Alfred V. Hirner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents contributions by experts from diverse disciplines, estimating the global levels of biogeogenic and anthropogenic emissions of organometal(loid) compounds, and thus presenting insight into processes which influence the genesis, as well as the distribution and stability of these species and their interaction with each other and other matrix compounds. The authors evaluate identify potential "hot spots" of organometal(loid)s, which can negatively influence ecosystems and human health.
Download or read book Vapor Generation Techniques for Trace Element Analysis written by Alessandro D'Ulivo and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2022-04-23 with total page 477 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vapor Generation Techniques for Trace Element Analysis: Fundamental Aspects provides an overview and discussion of the fundamental aspects governing derivatization reactions of trace-level elements for analytical purposes. Vapor generation techniques coupled with atomic or mass spectrometry have been employed for over 50 years, but their popularity has dramatically increased in recent years, especially as alternative vapor generation approaches have been developed. This book bridges the knowledge gap of the derivatization mechanisms that yield volatile compounds and provides an update on recent developments in vapor generation techniques used for the determination and speciation of trace elements by atomic optical and mass spectrometry. It will serve as a comprehensive, single-source overview of recent developments, providing readers with an understanding of the correct implementation—and limitations—of applying vapor generation techniques to everyday analytical problems facing the trace element analyst. - Covers reaction mechanisms and fundamental processes of vapor generation in detail - Includes classical and alternative vapor generation approaches: alkylation, chelation, plasma, photochemical and electrochemical - Guides the interpretation of experimental results and implementation of vapor generation techniques in the laboratory
Download or read book Element Analysis of Biological Samples written by G. Venkatesh Iyengar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-11-25 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the development of innovative new analytical techniques for biological trace element research, today's trace element investigators face formidable obstacles to obtaining reliable data. This complete reference identifies and assesses the challenges the analyst encounters at each stage of an analysis, and discusses the effects of various techniques on the sample. Three internationally recognized scientists and authors consider the effects of the numerous collection, storage, and sample preparatory techniques used in sample analysis. Proper analytical quality control, including such critical factors as sampling and sample preparation, specimen preservation and storage, and ashing, is examined. The book also looks at sample preparation methods unique to various instruments and speciation chemistry issues, and examines the link between chemical analysis and specimen banking. A previously unrecognized source of error, presampling factors, is also discussed.
