Download or read book Spatiotemporal Slip Rate Variations Along Surprise Valley Fault in Relation to Pleistocene Pluvial Lakes written by Brian Nicholas Marion and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using mapped paleoshoreline features with high-resolution topographic data and obtained radiocarbon dates on paleoshoreline tufas, I documented precise fault offsets of dated features over the last 25 ka along the Surprise Valley Fault (SVF). Fault offset measured in three lake sections within Surprise Valley ranged from 3.6 m in the southern section to 14.4 m in the central section. The offset paleoshorelines are dated to the late Pleistocene (22 ka) and were formed during the latest impoundment of pluvial Lake Surprise since the last glacial maximum. Slip rates vary along strike, assuming a fault dip of 68° with 0.25 ± 0.02 mm/yr in the northern section, 1.07 ± 0.10 mm/yr in the central section, and 0.36 ± 0.04 mm/yr in the southern lake section. Potential field modeling of profiles drawn through detailed, gridded gravity and magnetic data, suggest that the surficial scarps continue at depth, where they may accommodate greater offset. These results refine the time-averaged slip rate along the SVF and show variability spatially and temporally, allowing for correlations with changes in paleolake levels. This study suggest iv complex relation between pluvial lakes and their proximal faults that show that the lake likely influenced earthquake recurrence and slip rate along the SVF".--From the Abstract.
Download or read book From Saline to Freshwater written by Scott W. Starratt and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2021-12-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Late Pleistocene Slip Rates Along the Panamint Valley Fault Zone Eastern California written by William R. Hoffman and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Panamint Valley fault zone (PVFZ) is one of the primary structures accommodating right lateral shear across the Eastern California Shear Zone. Current slip-rate estimates are either long-term estimates based on total offset of the system and bounds on the initiation of fault slip, or estimates that rely on undated alluvial deposits. Using field surveys and high-resolution airborne LiDAR digital topography, I utilize displaced alluvial deposits at two localities, Happy Canyon and Manly Peak Canyon, to provide new slip-rate estimates along the PVFZ. Chronologic control is provided by a newly developed chronosequence of soils in Panamint Valley, radiocarbon dating of lacustrine tufa associated with shoreline deposits, and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (10Be) dating of alluvial fan surfaces. At Manly Peak Canyon, debris flow levees offset 26.5 " 3.8 m with a maximum surface age of 12.5 " 1.4 ka yield a minimum extension rate of 2.1 " 0.5 mm/yr. At Happy Canyon, displaced alluvial markers demonstrate that slip along northeast-striking fault strands in the right-stepping portion of the fault zone is purely dip-slip with no lateral component. Here, an alluvial fan complex cut by a series of normal faults with total extension of 56.0 " 10.3 m has surface age estimates from a calibrated soil chronofunction ranging from ~16 - 40 ka, yielding a minimum extension rate of 2.7 " 1.5 mm/yr. Additionally, a 20.7 " 5.2 ka surface at Happy Canyon is cut by a fault scarp with 68.1 " 2.0 m of vertical offset, which yields a preliminary Late Pleistocene minimum throw rate of 3.3 " 0.7 mm/yr. Results from this thesis provide the only two slip-rate estimates along the PVFZ with chronologic control, and reveal along-strike variations in horizontal displacement direction that appear coordinated with increased subsidence in the northern part of the valley.
Download or read book Pleistocene Slip Rate of the Owens Valley Fault California written by Matthew J. Rogers and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Temporal Variations in Slip rate Along the Lone Mountain Fault Western Nevada written by Jeffrey Simon Hoeft and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Late Pleistocene displacement along the Lone Mountain fault suggests the Silver Peak-Lone Mountain (SPLM) extensional complex is an important structure in accommodating and transferring strain within the eastern California shear zone (ECSZ) and Walker Lane. Using geologic and geomorphic mapping, differential global positioning system surveys, and terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide (TCN) geochronology, we determined rates of extension across the Lone Mountain fault in western Nevada. The Lone Mountain fault is the northeastern component of the SPLM extensional complex, and is characterized by a series of down-to-the-northwest normal faults that offset the northwestern Lone Mountain and Weepah Hills piedmonts. We mapped eight distinct alluvial fan deposits and dated three of the surfaces using ℗£1́ʻBE TCN geochronology, yielding ages of 16.5 +/- 1.2 ka, 92.3 +/- 8.6 ka, and 142.2 +/- 19.5 ka for the Q3b, Q2c, and Q2b deposits, respectively. The ages were combined with scarp profile measurements across the displaced fans to obtain minimum rates of extension; the Q2b and Q2c surfaces yield an extension rate between 0.1 +/- 0.1 and 0.2 +/- 01 mm/yr and the Q3b surface yields a rate of 0.2 +/-.1 to 0.4 +/- 0.1 mm/yr, depending on the dip of the fault. Active extension on the Lone Mountain fault suggests that it helps partition strain off of the major strike-slip faults in the northern ECSZ and transfers deformation around the Mina Deflection northward into the Walker Lane. Combining our results with estimates from other faults accommodating dextral shear in the northern ECSZ reveals an apparent discrepancy between short- and long-term rates of strain accumulation and release. If strain rates have remained constant since the late Pleistocene, this could reflect transient strain accumulation, similar to the Mojave segment of the ECSZ. However, our data also suggest an increase in strain rates between ~92 ka and ~17 ka, and possibly to present day, which may also help explain the mismatch between long- and short-term rates of deformation in the region.
Download or read book Late Pleistocene Slip Rate for the Western Pinto Mountain Fault Morongo Valley Southern California written by Katherine Gabriel and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The San Gorgonio Pass (SGP) region of the San Andreas fault (SAF) system in southern California is complicated by overlapping, active strands and its intersection with prominent, secondary structures such as the Pinto Mountain fault (PMF). Recent work in this area proposes that strain may be transferred from the Mission Creek strand of the SAF to the Eastern California Shear Zone (ECSZ), at least partly via the PMF. Like the better known Garlock fault, the PMF is a major east-west trending left-lateral transverse fault that intersects the Mission Creek strand of the SAF in the eastern SGP area. Geodetic and geologic slip rates reported for the PMF vary from 1 to 12.5 mm/yr and are poorly constrained because of a lack of geologic data. This report describes a geologic slip rate from faulted alluvium in Big Morongo Canyon in Morongo Valley, California. A best-constrained strath contact between late Pleistocene alluvium (Qoa) and underlying bedrock (ggm) is offset in a left-lateral sense a total of 228 – 303 m. I obtained cosmogenic 10Be exposure ages of six monzo-granite boulders on the surface of Qoa. Assuming zero-erosion rate, boulder ages range from ~63 ka to ~88 ka. I believe that surface deflation and erosion has occurred, and therefore choose a weighted average of 86.9 +/- 4.5 ka as the preferred age for the surface of Qoa. I calculate a preferred slip rate of 3.0 +0.6/-0.4 mm/yr for western PMF system for the last ~87 ka. A fault scarp on one of the secondary splays in latest Pleistocene to Holocene alluvium (Qa) indicates that the western PMF has been active during the last
Download or read book New Insights Into Strain Accumulation and Release in the Central and Northern Walker Lane Pacific North American Plate Boundary California and Nevada USA written by Jayne Margret Bormann and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Walker Lane is a 100 km-wide distributed zone of complex transtensional faulting that flanks the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada. Up to 25% of the total Pacific-North American relative right-lateral plate boundary deformation is accommodated east of the Sierra Nevada, primarily in the Walker Lane. The results of three studies in the Central and Northern Walker Lane offer new insights into how constantly accumulating plate boundary shear strain is released on faults in the Walker Lane and regional earthquake hazards. This research is based on the collection and analysis of new of geologic and geodetic datasets. Two studies are located in the Central Walker Lane, where plate boundary deformation is accommodated on northwest trending right-lateral faults, east-northeast trending left-lateral faults, and north trending normal faults. In this region, a prominent set of left-stepping, en-echelon, normal fault-bounded basins between Walker Lake and Lake Tahoe fill a gap in Walker Lane strike slip faults. Determining how these basins accommodate shear strain is a primary goal of this research. Paleoseismic and neotectonic observations from the Wassuk Range fault zone in the Walker Lake basin record evidence for at least 3 Holocene surface rupturing earthquakes and Holocene/late Pleistocene vertical slip rates between 0.4-0.7 mm/yr on the normal fault, but record no evidence of right-lateral slip along the rangefront fault. A complementary study presents new GPS velocity data that measures present-day deformation across the Central Walker Lane and infers fault slip and block rotation rates using an elastic block model. The model results show a clear partitioning between distinct zones of strain accommodation characterized by (1) right-lateral translation of blocks on northwest trending faults, (2) left-lateral slip and clockwise block rotations between east and northeast trending faults, and (3) right-lateral oblique normal slip with minor clockwise block rotations on north trending faults. Block model results show that a component of right-lateral slip in the normal-fault bounded basins is required to adequately fit the GPS data. New GPS data from the Northern Walker Lane constrains present-day slip rates on the Mohawk Valley, Grizzly Valley, and Honey Lake fault zones. Block model results predict right-lateral slip rates of 2.2 ± 0.2 mm/yr for the Mohawk Valley fault and 1.1 ± 0.4 mm/yr for the Honey Lake fault. The GPS data do not require slip on the Grizzly Valley fault, although right-lateral slip rates up to 1.2 mm/yr are allowed without increasing the block model misfit. The present-day distribution of slip between the Honey Lake and Mohawk Valley faults is opposite that predicted by latest Quaternary and Holocene geologic slip rate estimates. A temporally variable Wallace-type strain release model that includes 104-year timescale variations in fault slip rate could reconcile both datasets.
Download or read book Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment for the State of California written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 74 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alluvial Fans written by Adrian M. Harvey and published by Geological Society of London. This book was released on 2005 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alluvial fans are important sedimentary environments. They trap sediment delivered from mountain source areas, and exert an important control on the delivery of sediment to downstream environments, to axial drainages and to sedimentary basins. They preserve a sensitive record of environmental change within the mountain source areas. Alluvial fan geomorphology and sedimentology reflect not only drainage basin size and geology, but change in response to tectonic, climatic and base-level controls. One of the challenges facing alluvial fan research is to resolve how these gross controls are reflected in alluvial fan dynamics and to apply the results of studies of modern fan processes and Quaternary fans to the understanding of sedimentary sequences in the rock record. This volume includes papers based on up-to-date research, and focuses on three themes: alluvial fan processes, dynamics of Quaternary alluvial fans and fan sedimentary sequences. Linking the papers is an emphasis on the controls of fan geomorphology, sedimentology and dynamics. This provides a basis for integration between geomorphological and sedimentological approaches, and an understanding how fluvial systems respond to tectonic, climatic and base-level changes.
Download or read book Fundamentals of Geomorphology written by Richard John Huggett and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 909 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This extensively revised, restructured, and updated edition continues to present an engaging and comprehensive introduction to the subject, exploring the world’s landforms from a broad systems perspective. It covers the basics of Earth surface forms and processes, while reflecting on the latest developments in the field. Fundamentals of Geomorphology begins with a consideration of the nature of geomorphology, process and form, history, and geomorphic systems, and moves on to discuss: structure: structural landforms associated with plate tectonics and those associated with volcanoes, impact craters, and folds, faults, and joints process and form: landforms resulting from, or influenced by, the exogenic agencies of weathering, running water, flowing ice and meltwater, ground ice and frost, the wind, and the sea; landforms developed on limestone; and landscape evolution, a discussion of ancient landforms, including palaeosurfaces, stagnant landscape features, and evolutionary aspects of landscape change. This third edition has been fully updated to include a clearer initial explanation of the nature of geomorphology, of land surface process and form, and of land-surface change over different timescales. The text has been restructured to incorporate information on geomorphic materials and processes at more suitable points in the book. Finally, historical geomorphology has been integrated throughout the text to reflect the importance of history in all aspects of geomorphology. Fundamentals of Geomorphology provides a stimulating and innovative perspective on the key topics and debates within the field of geomorphology. Written in an accessible and lively manner, it includes guides to further reading, chapter summaries, and an extensive glossary of key terms. The book is also illustrated throughout with over 200 informative diagrams and attractive photographs, all in colour.
Download or read book Quaternary and Late Pliocene Geology of the Death Valley Region written by Michael N. Machette and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Geology of Death Valley National Park written by Marli Bryant Miller and published by Kendall Hunt. This book was released on 2004 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explorea the geologic history, landforms, and geologic processes of Death Valley, which is the hottest area in the US and also features many rock types. Maps and photographs accompany the descriptions of rock types, mining, faults, and topography.
Download or read book The Red Sea written by Najeeb M.A. Rasul and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-02 with total page 627 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a broad overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the Red Sea, from its geological formation and oceanographic development to the environmental influences on its ecology and the changes it is experiencing due to the rapid development of its coastlines and role as one of the world’s major transport routes. The book gathers invited contributions from researchers with an interest in the geology, geophysics, oceanography and environment of the Red Sea, while also providing comprehensive new data and a complete review of the literature. It will be of interest not only to researchers actively studying the sea and its surroundings, but will also appeal to all those involved in planning and managing the Red Sea, its environment, its resources and the countries which rely on its existence.
Download or read book 250 Million Years of Earth History in Central Italy written by Christian Koeberl and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2019-11-04 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The Umbria-Marche Apennines are entirely made of marine sedimentary rocks, representing a continuous record of the geotectonic evolution of an epeiric sea from the Early Triassic to the Pleistocene. The book includes reviews and original research works accomplished with the support of the Geological Observatory of Coldigioco"--
Download or read book Paleolimnology written by Andrew S. Cohen and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-29 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text, written by a leading researcher in the field, describes the origin and formation of lakes in order to give context to the question of how lacustrine deposits form. It explains the process of sedimentation in lakes and the chemistry of those deposits and describes how the age of lake deposits are determined. Additionally, this book shows how different groups of fossils are used in interpreting the paleontological record of lakes. In order to illustrate the more synthetic approaches to interpreting the history of lakes, the author also discusses such special topics as lake-level history, lake evolution, and the impact of environmental change on lakes.
Download or read book Lake Issyk Kul Its Natural Environment written by J. Klerx and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lake Issyk-Kul is a closed lake located in the Tien Shan mountain belt of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan. It is the world's fifth deepest lake (668 m) and the second largest high altitude lake in the world (1607 m above sea level). The lake is affected by several environmental threats of both anthropogenic and natural origin: decline of the lake level resulting in progressively increasing salinity, incomplete vertical water exchange, and risk of contamination by past and present industrial activity. Although the lake has been intensively studied, the information is only available in unpublished reports or local scientific journals. This book presents for the first time to an international audience the main physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of the lake, the fruits of many years of observations, complemented by recent results of international projects. Case studies of similar problems in other parts of the world are presented, together with ethical aspects of the environmental protection of the lake.
Download or read book The Many Facets of Israel s Hydrogeology written by Uri Kafri and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-11-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a collection of essays that address various facets of the hydrogeology of Israel. Despite its small geographic size, Israel exhibits a variety of climates and is located between two regional fluctuating base levels. The respective chapters discuss the variety of hydrogeological configurations and hydrological processes produced by these geographical circumstances. In some cases, the interpretation of these aspects is deliberately left open to debate, because the authors were asked to provide, in addition to their own views, also alternative and even conflicting ones. Hydrogeological configurations similar to those in Israel can be found in other countries around the world. Therefore, researchers, scholars and professionals in this interdisciplinary field can benefit from and directly apply the considerable experience and expertise that has been gathered in Israel over the past few decades.
