Download or read book DNA Replication written by Hisao Masai and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-22 with total page 581 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the latest trends and future directions of DNA replication research. The contents reflect upon the principles that have been established through the genetic and enzymatic studies of bacterial, viral, and cellular replication during the past decades. The book begins with a historical overview of the studies on eukaryotic DNA replication by Professor Thomas Kelly, a pioneer of the field. The following chapters include genome-wide studies of replication origins and initiation factor binding, as well as the timing of DNA replications, mechanisms of initiation, DNA chain elongation and termination of DNA replication, the structural basis of functions of protein complexes responsible for execution of DNA replication, cell cycle-dependent regulation of DNA replication, the nature of replication stress and cells’ strategy to deal with the stress, and finally how all these phenomena are interconnected to genome instability and development of various diseases. By reviewing the existing concepts ranging from the old principles to the newest ideas, the book gives readers an opportunity to learn how the classical replication principles are now being modified and new concepts are being generated to explain how genome DNA replication is achieved with such high adaptability and plasticity. With the development of new methods including cryoelectron microscopy analyses of huge protein complexes, single molecular analyses of initiation and elongation of DNA replication, and total reconstitution of eukaryotic DNA replication with purified factors, the field is enjoying one of its most exciting moments, and this highly timely book conveys that excitement to all interested readers.

Download or read book Calcium Entry Channels in Non Excitable Cells written by Juliusz Ashot Kozak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Calcium Entry Channels in Non-Excitable Cells focuses on methods of investigating the structure and function of non-voltage gated calcium channels. Each chapter presents important discoveries in calcium entry pathways, specifically dealing with the molecular identification of store-operated calcium channels which were reviewed by earlier volumes in the Methods in Signal Transduction series. Crystallographic and pharmacological approaches to the study of calcium channels of epithelial cells are also discussed. Calcium ion is a messenger in most cell types. Whereas voltage gated calcium channels have been studied extensively, the non-voltage gated calcium entry channel genes have only been identified relatively recently. The book will fill this important niche.

Download or read book Mitochondrial Gene Expression written by Michal Minczuk and published by Humana. This book was released on 2020-12-03 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details the most recent advancements in the field of mitochondrial gene expression. Chapters guide readers through methods and protocols on mtDNA replication, transcription, and translation to membrane insertion of the mtDNA-encoded protein products. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Mitochondrial Gene Expression: Methods and Protocols aims to provide complementary approaches and practical guidelines. Chapter 7 is available Open Access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Download or read book Spatio Temporal Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcription written by Umut Eser and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Start checkpoint regulates cell cycle commitment and associated transcription in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was previously shown that commitment to cell division corresponds to activating the positive feedback loop of G1 cyclins controlled by the transcription factors SBF and MBF. Around this pivotal cell cycle event, over 300 genes (G1/S regulon) are expressed to facilitate the G1/S transition. Despite its importance, little was known about distinct temporal regulation within the G1/S regulon. We found that SBF and MBF target genes have a well-defined distribution of transcriptional activation times. We also showed that activation of G1 cyclins precedes the activation of the bulk of the G1/S regulon, which we named 'feedback-first' regulation. In budding yeast, feedback-first regulation ensures that commitment to cell division occurs before large-scale changes in transcription. Thus, the transition can be viewed as a two-step process whereby the decision to divide precedes synthesis of the cellular machinery required for division. Furthermore, we found that feedback-first regulation is conserved in the related yeast S. bayanus as well as human cells. This finding highlighted the importance of understanding the molecular mechanisms through which co-regulated genes can have distinct activation dynamics. We showed that timing is partially explained by the combinatorial use of SBF and MBF transcription factors, which implement a logical OR function for gene activation. In addition to combinatorial use of transcription factors, we analyzed genome-wide chromosome conformation capture data to examine the potential link between the timing of gene expression and 3-D genome architecture. The early-activated genes of the G1/S regulon are significantly enriched for the number of physical contacts to the rest of the genome. Further analysis revealed two main clusters, whose interactions co-vary and whose activation time distributions are distinct. Taken together, these our work explains a significant amount of timing variation within cell cycle-dependent gene expression. Thus, we concluded that the cell utilizes both genome architecture and the combinatorial use of transcription factors to implement feedback-first regulation ensuring that commitment to cell division precedes genome-wide cell cycle-dependent transcription.

Download or read book Untranslated Gene Regions and Other Non coding Elements written by Lucy W. Barrett and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-26 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is now compelling evidence that the complexity of higher organisms correlates with the relative amount of non-coding RNA rather than the number of protein-coding genes. Previously dismissed as “junk DNA”, it is the non-coding regions of the genome that are responsible for regulation, facilitating complex temporal and spatial gene expression through the combinatorial effect of numerous mechanisms and interactions working together to fine-tune gene expression. The major regions involved in regulation of a particular gene are the 5’ and 3’ untranslated regions and introns. In addition, pervasive transcription of complex genomes produces a variety of non-coding transcripts that interact with these regions and contribute to regulation. This book discusses recent insights into the regulatory roles of the untranslated gene regions and non-coding RNAs in the control of complex gene expression, as well as the implications of this in terms of organism complexity and evolution.​

Download or read book Biology for AP Courses written by Julianne Zedalis and published by . This book was released on 2017-10-16 with total page 1923 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biology for AP® courses covers the scope and sequence requirements of a typical two-semester Advanced Placement® biology course. The text provides comprehensive coverage of foundational research and core biology concepts through an evolutionary lens. Biology for AP® Courses was designed to meet and exceed the requirements of the College Board’s AP® Biology framework while allowing significant flexibility for instructors. Each section of the book includes an introduction based on the AP® curriculum and includes rich features that engage students in scientific practice and AP® test preparation; it also highlights careers and research opportunities in biological sciences.

Download or read book Computational Genomics with R written by Altuna Akalin and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Computational Genomics with R provides a starting point for beginners in genomic data analysis and also guides more advanced practitioners to sophisticated data analysis techniques in genomics. The book covers topics from R programming, to machine learning and statistics, to the latest genomic data analysis techniques. The text provides accessible information and explanations, always with the genomics context in the background. This also contains practical and well-documented examples in R so readers can analyze their data by simply reusing the code presented. As the field of computational genomics is interdisciplinary, it requires different starting points for people with different backgrounds. For example, a biologist might skip sections on basic genome biology and start with R programming, whereas a computer scientist might want to start with genome biology. After reading: You will have the basics of R and be able to dive right into specialized uses of R for computational genomics such as using Bioconductor packages. You will be familiar with statistics, supervised and unsupervised learning techniques that are important in data modeling, and exploratory analysis of high-dimensional data. You will understand genomic intervals and operations on them that are used for tasks such as aligned read counting and genomic feature annotation. You will know the basics of processing and quality checking high-throughput sequencing data. You will be able to do sequence analysis, such as calculating GC content for parts of a genome or finding transcription factor binding sites. You will know about visualization techniques used in genomics, such as heatmaps, meta-gene plots, and genomic track visualization. You will be familiar with analysis of different high-throughput sequencing data sets, such as RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, and BS-seq. You will know basic techniques for integrating and interpreting multi-omics datasets. Altuna Akalin is a group leader and head of the Bioinformatics and Omics Data Science Platform at the Berlin Institute of Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center, Berlin. He has been developing computational methods for analyzing and integrating large-scale genomics data sets since 2002. He has published an extensive body of work in this area. The framework for this book grew out of the yearly computational genomics courses he has been organizing and teaching since 2015.

Download or read book Methods In Arabidopsis Research written by Nam-hai Chua and published by World Scientific Publishing Company. This book was released on 1992-06-12 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the ways to make consistent progress in a particular field of biology consists in choosing a good model system on which to focus the experimental efforts of the scientific community. It has taken a long time for scientists interested in various aspects of the life of plants to reach some sort of consensus. With the advent and impact of molecular biology, the small weed Arabidopsis is now the object of rapidly growing scientific attention. Since it is reasonable to assume that the general molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the physiological, cellular and biochemical properties of plants will be essentially conserved in all plants, it follows that these mechanisms should also operate in Arabidopsis and hence that its genome should contain most of the genes that we need to know about if we want to understand the genetic determination of the life processes in plants.Arabidopsis has a small genome and well documented genetic studies are available. It is easy to grow in large numbers and mutants defining important genetically controlled mechanisms are either available, or can readily be obtained. Various methods to introduce and express isolated homologous or heterologous genes are available. It is therefore realistic and desirable to aim at exploring the genome of this plant in very great detail. As will be illustrated in this book all the elements for such a grand strategy are in place.More and more scientists are therefore willing to accept the obvious and very real practical disadvantages resulting from its small size when experiments call for the isolation of proteins, membranes, subcellular fractions etc, in order to benefit from its extraordinary experimental advantages as a model system in molecular genetics. One can safely predict that in the next decade studies with Arabidopsis will provide major breakthroughs in our understanding of most aspects of plant physiology and developmental biology. The importance of this knowledge for plant breeding and therefore for a sustainable highly productive agriculture cannot be overestimated. We therefore expect that this book will provide valuable guidelines to all those who are planning experiments aimed at understanding various aspects of plant growth, productivity and interactions with the environment. The book offers a wealth of methodical and theoretical information as well as valuable references. It should be of use to students, teachers, as well as advanced researchers and those breeders who want to use molecular techniques in breeding.

Download or read book Primary Cilia written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-11-30 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, the role of cilia in the study of health, development and disease has been increasingly clear, and new discoveries have made this an exciting and important field of research. This comprehensive volume, a complement to the new three-volume treatment of cilia and flagella by King and Pazour, presents easy-to-follow protocols and detailed background information for researchers working with cilia and flagella. - Covers protocols for primary cilia across several systems and species - Both classic and state-of-the-art methods readily adaptable across model systems, and designed to last the test of time - Relevant to clinicians and scientists working in a wide range of fields

Download or read book Auxin and Its Role in Plant Development written by Eva Zažímalová and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-26 with total page 442 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Auxin is an important signaling compound in plants and vital for plant development and growth. The present book, Auxin and its Role in Plant Development, provides the reader with detailed and comprehensive insight into the functioning of the molecule on the whole and specifically in plant development. In the first part, the functioning, metabolism and signaling pathways of auxin in plants are explained, the second part depicts the specific role of auxin in plant development and the third part describes the interaction and functioning of the signaling compound upon stimuli of the environment. Each chapter is written by international experts in the respective field and designed for scientists and researchers in plant biology, plant development and cell biology to summarize the recent progress in understanding the role of auxin and suggest future perspectives for auxin research.

Download or read book Atlas of Drosophila Development written by Volker Hartenstein and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This full-color atlas graphically documents the main events of embryonic and post-embryonic development in Drosophila. Schematic surface views and transverse sections from several developmental stages are shown for the individual organs such as gut, nervous system, epidermis and musculature. By combining camera lucida tracing with digital technology, Volker Hartenstein has created a unique, beautiful and convenient reference book that will interest all developmental biologists and is a must for the personal library of anyone working on fly biology.

Download or read book Genetic Mechanisms Regulating the Spatiotemporal Modulation of Proliferation Rate and Mode in Neural Progenitors and Daughter Cells during Embryonic CNS Development written by Behzad Yaghmaeian Salmani and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2018-05-09 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central nervous system (CNS) is a hallmark feature of animals with a bilateral symmetry: bilateria and can be sub-divided into the brain and nerve cord. One of the prominent properties of the CNS across bilateria is the discernible expansion of its anterior part (brain) compared with the posterior one (nerve cord). This evolutionarily conserved feature could be attributed to four major developmental agencies: First, the existence of more anterior progenitors. Second, anterior progenitors are more proliferative. Third, anterior daughter cells, generated by the progenitors, are more proliferative. Forth, fewer cells are removed by programmed cell death (PCD) anteriorly. My thesis has addressed these issues, and uncovered both biological principles and genetic regulatory networks that promote these A-P differences. I have used the Drosophila and mouse embryonic CNSs as model systems. Regarding the 1st issue, while the brain indeed contains more progenitors, my studies demonstrate that this only partly explains the anterior expansion. Indeed, with regard to the 2nd issue, my studies, on both the Drosophila and mouse CNS, demonstrate that anterior progenitors divide more extensively. Concerning the 3rd issue, in Drosophila we identified a gradient of daughter proliferation along the AP axis of the developing CNS with brain daughter cells being more proliferative. Specifically, in the brain, progenitors divide to generate a series of daughter cells that divide once (Type I), to generate two neurons or glia. In contrast, in the nerve cord, progenitors switch during later stages, from first generating dividing daughters to subsequently generating daughters that directly differentiate (Type 0). Hence, nerve cord progenitors undergo a programmed Type I->0 proliferation switch. In the Drosophila posterior CNS, this switch occurs earlier and is more prevalent, contributing to the generation of smaller lineages in the posterior regions. Similar to Drosophila, in the mouse brain we also found that progenitor and daughter cell proliferation was elevated and extended into later developmental stages, when compared to the spinal cord. DNA-labeling experiments revealed faster cycling cells in the brain when compared to the nerve cord, in both Drosophila and mouse. In both Drosophila and mouse, we found that the suppression of progenitor and daughter proliferation in the nerve cord is controlled by the Hox homeotic gene family. Hence, the absence of Hox gene expression in the brain provides a logical explanation for the extended progenitor proliferation and lack of Type I->0 switch. The repression of Hox genes in the brain is mediated by the histonemodifying Polycomb Group complex (PcG), which thereby is responsible for the anterior expansion. With respect to the 4th issue, we found no effect of PCD on anterior expansion in Drosophila, while this cannot be asserted for the mouse embryonic neurodevelopment as there are no genetic tools to abolish PCD effectively in mammals. Taken together, the studies presented in this thesis identified global and evolutionarily-conserved genetic programs that promote anterior CNS expansion, and pave the way for understanding the evolution of size along the anterior-posterior CNS axis.

Download or read book Plant Cell Division written by Dennis Francis and published by Ashgate Publishing. This book was released on 1998 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph on plant cell division provides a detailed overview of the molecular events which commit cells to mitosis or which affect, or effect mitosis.

Download or read book Cell Cycle Regulation and Development in Alphaproteobacteria written by Emanuele Biondi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-03-14 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the cell cycle regulation and development in Alphaproteobacteria. Cell cycle and cellular differentiation are fascinating biological phenomena that are highly regulated in all organisms. In the last decades, many laboratories around the world have been investigating these processes in Alphaproteobacteria. This bacterial class comprises important bacterial species, studied by fundamental and applied research. The complexity of cell cycle regulation and many examples of cellular differentiations in this bacterial group represent the main motives of this book. The book starts with discussing the regulation of cell cycle in alphaproteobacterial species from a system biology perspective. The following chapters specifically focus on the model species Caulobacter crescentus multiple layers of regulation, from transcriptional cascades to proteolysis and dynamic subcellular regulation of cell cycle regulators. In addition, the cell division process, chromosome segregation and growth of the cell envelope is described in detail. The last part of the book covers examples of non-Caulobacter alphaproteobacterial models, such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Brucella species and Sinorhizobium meliloti and also discusses possible applications. This book will be of interest to researchers in microbiology and cell biology labs working on cell cycle regulation and development.

Download or read book Cell Cycle Regulation written by Philipp Kaldis and published by Results and Problems in Cell Differentiation. This book was released on 2006-06-26 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a state-of-the-art summary of the latest achievements in cell cycle control research with an outlook on the effect of these findings on cancer research. The chapters are written by internationally leading experts in the field. They provide an updated view on how the cell cycle is regulated in vivo, and about the involvement of cell cycle regulators in cancer.

Download or read book The Biology of the Cell Cycle written by J. M. Mitchison and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1971-11-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Practical Systems Biology written by Alistair Hetherington and published by Garland Science. This book was released on 2008-11-19 with total page 237 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Systems biology is the study of organisms as interacting networks of genes, proteins and reactions. Practical Systems Biology provides a detailed overview of the different approaches used in this relatively new discipline, integrating bioinformatics, genomics, proteomics and metabolomics. Various areas of research are also discussed, including the use of computational models of biological processes, and post-genomic research. Each chapter is written by an experienced researcher and gives an excellent account of various issues of systems biology that is suitable for postgraduate and postdoctoral researchers who are interested in this expanding area of science.