Download or read book Spatially and Temporally Resolved Emissions Impacts of Renewable Energy Integration Into the Electric Grid written by Alicia Tan and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to address air quality and greenhouse gas impacts of power generation, the state of California has implemented a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) goal of integrating 33% renewable energy into the grid by 2020. This research considers several renewable energy integration scenarios for the state of California including various mixtures of geothermal, biogas, wind, solar thermal, and photovoltaic energy. Criteria pollutant emissions are spatially and temporally resolved in order to study the impacts of meeting the California's Renewable Electricity Standard. One of the main challenges of increasing renewable penetration is the unpredictable and variable generation profile. Production can be highly dependent on weather, as in the case of wind and solar generation. Sudden changes in weather can cause spikes and dips in power production. These intermittencies in renewable generation must be balanced in order to maintain grid reliability. The renewable energy implementation scenarios address grid reliability by considering various strategies including energy storage, distributed generation, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), and dispatchable peaking and/or load following gas power plants to complement the intermittent renewable energy. Six 33% scenarios (CAISO/CPUC LTPP Trajectory Mix 1, Trajectory Mix 2, Trajectory Mix 3, Environmentally Constrained, Cost Constrained, Time Constrained) are evaluated. Additionally, baseline scenarios are compared to the renewable scenarios.

Download or read book The Development and Evaluation of a Highly resolved California Electricity Market Model to Characterize the Temporal and Spatial Grid Environmental and Economic Impacts of Electric Vehicles written by Ghazal Razeghi and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 334 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drastic changes need to occur in the electricity generation and transportation sectors in order to address environmental concerns that have attracted attention in recent years. These concerns, combined with increasing energy prices, have led to elevated interest in alternative, and low to non-carbon technologies in both sectors from both researchers and policymakers. In the state of California, integration of renewable resources, and switching to more environmental-friendly transportation options, have been mandated by stringent environmental regulations such as AB 32, AB 118, and RPS goals. A spatially and temporally resolved resource dispatch model is developed that simulates the operations of an electricity market while taking into account all the physical constraints associated with various components of an electricity grid such as transmission system constraints. Multiple modules are also developed to provide inputs to the model and also determine the interaction between electricity generation and transportation sectors. This dispatch model and its modules are used to assess a selected set of future transportation and electricity generation scenarios. These scenarios include various dispatch strategies, integration of renewables, and deploying plug-in electric vehicles. The results show that with appropriate planning, the generation, transmission, and distribution sectors will be able to accommodate a high penetration of plug-in vehicles, and they will result in an overall reduction in criteria pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions. With vehicle smart charging, the need for planning in the generation sector is minimized and the installed generators will be able to handle the extra load caused by the vehicles. Different dispatch strategies are developed and results indicate that the best approach to reduce emissions while keeping the system's costs at acceptable levels is a combination of economic and environmental dispatch strategies. This strategy can also be used to dispatch renewable resources as a part of the market instead of using the current must-take strategy. The methodology and the tools developed provide a means to examine various aspects of future scenarios and their impacts on different sectors, and can be used for decision making and planning purposes.

Download or read book Integrating Variable Renewable Energy on Electricity Grids Through a Multi Scaled Energy Modelling Approach written by Madeleine Myrna McPherson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The global wind and solar PV industry has transitioned from a subsidy-dependent niche market to a commercially viable sector that is dominating global capacity expansions. However, integrating these renewable energy resources, with their variable nature, onto the electricity grid poses new challenges for system operations. This thesis explores variable renewable energy (VRE) integration, through multiple scales of energy modelling and analysis from the integrated assessment model MESSAGE, to the country-scale electricity system model LEAP, and the production cost model introduced in this work entitled SILVER. The MESSAGE and LEAP models have large-scale, long-term representations of the energy system that enable analysis of alternative energy policies, cross-sector environmental impacts, and overarching cost trends, but do not have the spatial-temporal resolution to represent site-specific, variable VRE generation profiles. Thus, SILVER, for the Strategic Integration of Large-capacity Variable Energy Resources, is designed as a highly flexible production cost dispatch tool. Technologically, SILVER represents the full gamut of grid balancing strategies: building flexible and dispatchable generation assets, interconnecting geographically dispersed resources and VRE types, shifting flexible loads through demand response, shifting generation profiles through storage technologies, curtailing excess generation, interconnecting the electricity sector with the transport sector, and improving VRE forecasting methodologies. SILVER relies on hourly wind and solar generation time-series data, produced by the newly developed GRETA (Global Renewable Energy Atlas Time) tool, which has been launched as an open access web-portal. SILVER is applied to three VRE integration applications: moving towards a fully-renewable Ontario electricity system including 87% VRE penetration, demand response, electric vehicles, storage assets, and an expanded transmission network; quantifying storage asset commercial viability in electricity systems with different flexibility factors, VRE penetrations, and financial remuneration mechanisms; and exploring the role of decentralized generation and electric vehicles at a city-scale in a developing country context. The results demonstrate the highly system-specific nature of VRE integration, with the VRE resource typology, the non-VRE system flexibly, VRE penetration, and degree of VRE centralization having significant impacts. The interdependence between these electricity system factors in terms of curtailment rates, GHG emissions, electricity system costs, and flexibility requirements recommends an integrated planning approach.

Download or read book Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation written by Ottmar Edenhofer and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2011-11-21 with total page 1088 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report (IPCC-SRREN) assesses the potential role of renewable energy in the mitigation of climate change. It covers the six most important renewable energy sources - bioenergy, solar, geothermal, hydropower, ocean and wind energy - as well as their integration into present and future energy systems. It considers the environmental and social consequences associated with the deployment of these technologies, and presents strategies to overcome technical as well as non-technical obstacles to their application and diffusion. SRREN brings a broad spectrum of technology-specific experts together with scientists studying energy systems as a whole. Prepared following strict IPCC procedures, it presents an impartial assessment of the current state of knowledge: it is policy relevant but not policy prescriptive. SRREN is an invaluable assessment of the potential role of renewable energy for the mitigation of climate change for policymakers, the private sector, and academic researchers.

Download or read book Integrated Spatial and Energy Planning written by Gernot Stoeglehner and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-04-02 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on spatial planning – an important determinant of energy saving and renewable energy supply. Revealing the key driving forces for spatial development supporting the shift towards energy efficiency and renewable energy supplies, it shows the importance of integrated spatial and energy planning approaches for a timely and sustainable change of energy systems, thus supporting policies of climate protection. As operating within the context of renewable energy sources is becoming a major policy issue at the international, European and national level, spatial dimensions of renewable energy systems as well as challenges, barriers and opportunities in different spatial contexts become more important. This book analyses not only the fundamental system interrelations between resources, technologies and consumption patterns with respect to energy, but also the links to the spatial context, and provides guidelines for researchers as well as practitioners in this new, emerging field. It presents innovative analytical tools to solve real-world problems and discusses the most important fields of action in integrated spatial and energy planning including planning contents, planning visions and principles as well as planning process design and planning methodology.

Download or read book GHG Emission Benefits and Air Quality Impacts of California Renewable Integration and Electrification written by Siavash Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Impacts of Renewable Energy written by Frank R. Spellman and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-12-02 with total page 480 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Renewable Energy Has a Good Side and a Bad Side Evaluate BothAll energy sources affect the environment in which we live. While fossil fuels may essentially do more harm, renewable energy sources can also pose a threat to the environment. Allowing for the various renewable energy sources: solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal, Environmental I

Download or read book Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation s Electricity System written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Americans' safety, productivity, comfort, and convenience depend on the reliable supply of electric power. The electric power system is a complex "cyber-physical" system composed of a network of millions of components spread out across the continent. These components are owned, operated, and regulated by thousands of different entities. Power system operators work hard to assure safe and reliable service, but large outages occasionally happen. Given the nature of the system, there is simply no way that outages can be completely avoided, no matter how much time and money is devoted to such an effort. The system's reliability and resilience can be improved but never made perfect. Thus, system owners, operators, and regulators must prioritize their investments based on potential benefits. Enhancing the Resilience of the Nation's Electricity System focuses on identifying, developing, and implementing strategies to increase the power system's resilience in the face of events that can cause large-area, long-duration outages: blackouts that extend over multiple service areas and last several days or longer. Resilience is not just about lessening the likelihood that these outages will occur. It is also about limiting the scope and impact of outages when they do occur, restoring power rapidly afterwards, and learning from these experiences to better deal with events in the future.

Download or read book Unintended Consequences of Renewable Energy written by Otto Andersen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-24 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Energy technologies in the future will need to be based on renewable sources of energy and will, ultimately, need to be sustainable. This book provides insight into unintended, negative impacts and how they can be avoided. In order to steer away from the pitfalls and unintended effects, it is essential that the necessary knowledge is available to the developers and decision makers engaged in renewable energy. The value of this book lies in its presentation of the unintended health and environmental impacts from renewable energies. The book presents results from cross-disciplinary research on the implementation of alternative fuels in the transport sector, namely hydrogen, electricity and biodiesel. This is followed by an assessment of environmental impacts from the production of solar cells. Critical reviews on the use of nanotechnology and nanomaterials in the energy technologies is then provided, with the formation of nanoparticles during combustion of bio-blended diesel and their toxic effects, discussed in detail.

Download or read book Analyses of Energy Supply Options and Security of Energy Supply in the Baltic States written by International Atomic Energy Agency and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Baltic States are in the process of reorganization, moving from a centrally planned economy towards market liberalization. The closure of Unit 1 of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant in 2004 and the scheduled shutdown of Unit 2 in 2009 in accordance with the EU accession agreement raise crucial supply security questions not only for Lithuania but for the region as a whole. This study provided the opportunity to analyze the economic competitiveness and energy security aspects of a wide range of energy supply options including the construction of a new nuclear power plant.--Publisher's description.

Download or read book Future of solar photovoltaic written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2019-11-01 with total page 145 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study presents options to fully unlock the world’s vast solar PV potential over the period until 2050. It builds on IRENA’s global roadmap to scale up renewables and meet climate goals.

Download or read book Electricity from Renewable Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-04-05 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A component in the America's Energy Future study, Electricity from Renewable Resources examines the technical potential for electric power generation with alternative sources such as wind, solar-photovoltaic, geothermal, solar-thermal, hydroelectric, and other renewable sources. The book focuses on those renewable sources that show the most promise for initial commercial deployment within 10 years and will lead to a substantial impact on the U.S. energy system. A quantitative characterization of technologies, this book lays out expectations of costs, performance, and impacts, as well as barriers and research and development needs. In addition to a principal focus on renewable energy technologies for power generation, the book addresses the challenges of incorporating such technologies into the power grid, as well as potential improvements in the national electricity grid that could enable better and more extensive utilization of wind, solar-thermal, solar photovoltaics, and other renewable technologies.

Download or read book Integration of Renewable Energy Sources Into the Power Grid Through PowerFactory written by Morteza Zare Oskouei and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-19 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book evaluates a number of serious technical challenges related to the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid using the DIgSILENT PowerFactory power system simulation software package. It provides a fresh perspective on analyzing power systems according to renewable energy sources and how they affect power system performance in various situations. The book examines load flow, short-circuit, RMS simulation, power quality, and system reliability in the presence of renewable energy sources, and presents readers with the tools needed for modeling, simulation, and analysis for network planning. The book is a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and students working to solve power system problems in the presence of renewable energy sources in power system operations and utilities.

Download or read book Power Grid Load Balancing GHG Emissions and Air Quality Impacts of California Renewable Energy Integration and Electrification written by Siavash Ebrahimi and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued release of greenhouse gas emissions, primarily emitted from combustion of fossil fuels, will result in further global warming, increasing the risk of severe and irreversible impacts for humans and ecosystems. An integrated mitigation approach combining deployment of energy efficiency measures, decarbonizing electricity generation sector and transformation of end-use fuels can be a feasible and cost-effective solution. State of California has adopted deep GHG emission reduction target of 80 percent below 1990 levels by 2050, but decarbonizing the power supply sector cannot lead to such aggressive emission reductions by itself. Therefore, widespread electrification, i.e. switching direct fossil fuel use to electricity, is essential for meeting deep emission reduction targets.The infrastructural transformation and the technology path required for achieving this ambitious GHG reduction goal are not well understood. This thesis analyzes grid and emission impacts of electrifying end-use sectors while decarbonizing power generation, using detailed modeling of infrastructure stocks and economic dispatch of electric grid. A set of scenarios are developed to study the impacts of electrification where each end-use sector is electrified based on the electrification potential and feasibility of implementation using the available electric technologies. In order to accommodate higher statewide electricity demand due to electrification, the electricity generation sector is decarbonized through installing higher levels of renewable power.Results show that decarbonizing power sector without electrifying end-use sectors reduce GHG emissions only by 8 percent, while electrification of end-use sectors alongside decarbonizing electricity generation yields up to 40 percent GHG emission reductions compared to 1990 levels.

Download or read book Assessment of Energy Sources Using GIS written by Lubos Matejicek and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 333 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a comprehensive guide to the use of geographic information systems (GIS) for the spatial analysis of supply and demand for energy in the global and local scale. It gathers the latest research and techniques in GIS for spatial and temporal analysis of energy systems, mapping of energy from fossil fuels, optimization of renewable energy sources, optimized deployment of existing power sources, and assessment of environmental impact of all of the above. Author Lubos Matejicek covers GIS for assessment a wide variety of energy sources, including fossil fuels, hydropower, wind power, solar energy, biomass energy, and nuclear power as well as the use of batteries and accumulators. The author also utilizes case studies to illustrate advanced techniques such as multicriteria analysis, environmental modeling for prediction of energy consumption, and the use of mobile computing and multimedia tools.

Download or read book Greening the Grid Integrating 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India s Electric Grid A Detailed Look at the Southern Region written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The higher-spatial-resolution model of 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. II - Regional Study' (the Regional Study), which better represents the impact of congestion on least-cost scheduling and dispatch, provides a deeper understanding of the relationship among renewable energy (RE) location, transmission, and system flexibility with regard to RE integration, compared to 'Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India's Electric Grid, Vol. I - National Study.' The Regional Study validates the relative value of mitigation strategies demonstrated in the National Study - namely, coordinated operations among states reduce production costs, and reducing coal minimum generation levels reduces RE curtailment. Significantly, the Regional Study also highlights a potential barrier to realizing the value of these mitigation strategies: when locations of RE development are planned independently of state-level transmission, intrastate congestion can result in undesirable levels of RE curtailment. Therefore a key objective of this study is to illustrate to state-level power system planners and operators, in particular, how a higher-resolution model, inclusive of intrastate granularity, can be used as a planning tool for two primary purposes: to better anticipate, understand, and mitigate system constraints that could affect RE integration; and to provide a modeling framework that can be used as part of future transmission studies and planning efforts. The Regional Study is not intended to predict precisely how RE will affect state-level operations. There is considerable uncertainty regarding the locations of the RE development, as well as how contract terms can affect access to the inherent physical flexibility of the system. But the scenarios analyzed identify the types of issues that can arise under various RE and transmission expansion pathways. The model developed for this study provides a rigorous framework for future work and can be updated with the characteristics of new capacity as more information on the future power system is known.

Download or read book Global Renewables Outlook Energy Transformation 2050 written by International Renewable Energy Agency IRENA and published by International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA). This book was released on 2020-04-01 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This outlook highlights climate-safe investment options until 2050, policies for transition and specific regional challenges. It also explores options to eventually cut emissions to zero.