Download or read book Spatial temporal Statistical Modeling of Treated Drinking Water Usage written by Ernesto Arandia and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In essence, modern drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) exist to continuously satisfy the demand of their users while complying with water quality regulations. It stands to reason that the tasks of quantifying, estimating, and forecasting water consumption are critical components of resource management, planning and operation in the urban water industry. Yet, due to the complex stochastic nature of water demands, such important tasks are typically performed in an oversimplified deterministic manner which at best produces conservative results. Of critical inter- est, therefore, is the adoption of quantitative methods and technologies for accurately estimating and forecasting water consumption. The concomitant benefits may include the reduction of energy costs, residence times, pressure, and leakage in the DWDS through the optimal operation of pumps, reservoirs, and supply.Computational models of DWDSs have widely been developed by water utilities and researchers and applied mainly in design and offline analyses. It is clear that the industry and research com- munity recognize the usefulness of hydraulic models as tools to analyze the complex interaction among the generally massive number of system's components. Significant efforts are sometimes devoted to the refinement of the models to ensure their parameters reflect reality as close as possi- ble. Curiously, however, the parameters that most greatly influence the model's behavior, i.e., the water demands, are normally overlooked. It is not uncommon to assume a single arbitrary daily pattern for the totality of the nodes in a network model. This research considers that a more valid approach is to combine a reliable hydraulic model of a DWDS with realistic stochastic models of water use developed from fine-resolution consumption data. The intent is to abandon the time-pattern paradigm and take benefit of the opportunity to ac- cess large volumes of automatic meter reading (AMR) data at the level of the individual consumer which are expected to increasingly become available in the water industry. Methodologies that may be applied in offline and online estimation of water consumption are presented. On the one hand, a stochastic model structure for synthetic generation of demands is studied which may be used in producing individual consumer as well as nodal demands in a hydraulic network model. The method comprises a parameterization that intends to represent the native characteristics of the data. On the other hand, methodologies to estimate and forecast nodal demands are proposed consistent with a real-time approach. One of the contributions of this work is the development of an AMR database which is made available to the public. The data provides access to water consumption measurements from an unprecedented number of users of different categories over an extended period of time. Data of such type is expected to increase in the near future, therefore, the database may be a useful test bed for algorithms that incorporate highly disaggregated measurements of water use in DWDSs. Another contribution is the adoption of models for synthetic generation of demands that vary peri- odically and resemble real AMR demands. In addition, this research examines different models to forecast water demand aggregated at useful scales. Finally, it applies the findings to estimate and forecast water consumption in a network zone and in real time. The method proposed is extensively assessed and compared against a conventional approach to forecast demands.

Download or read book Spatio temporal Modelling of Drinking Water Consumption in Amsterdam written by Michael M.J. Blok and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatio Temporal Statistics with R written by Christopher K. Wikle and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-02-18 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world is becoming increasingly complex, with larger quantities of data available to be analyzed. It so happens that much of these "big data" that are available are spatio-temporal in nature, meaning that they can be indexed by their spatial locations and time stamps. Spatio-Temporal Statistics with R provides an accessible introduction to statistical analysis of spatio-temporal data, with hands-on applications of the statistical methods using R Labs found at the end of each chapter. The book: Gives a step-by-step approach to analyzing spatio-temporal data, starting with visualization, then statistical modelling, with an emphasis on hierarchical statistical models and basis function expansions, and finishing with model evaluation Provides a gradual entry to the methodological aspects of spatio-temporal statistics Provides broad coverage of using R as well as "R Tips" throughout. Features detailed examples and applications in end-of-chapter Labs Features "Technical Notes" throughout to provide additional technical detail where relevant Supplemented by a website featuring the associated R package, data, reviews, errata, a discussion forum, and more The book fills a void in the literature and available software, providing a bridge for students and researchers alike who wish to learn the basics of spatio-temporal statistics. It is written in an informal style and functions as a down-to-earth introduction to the subject. Any reader familiar with calculus-based probability and statistics, and who is comfortable with basic matrix-algebra representations of statistical models, would find this book easy to follow. The goal is to give as many people as possible the tools and confidence to analyze spatio-temporal data.

Download or read book Estimating Water Use in the United States written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2002-08-22 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the United States, the practices for collecting water use data vary significantly from state to state and vary also from one water use category to another, in response to the laws regulating water use and interest in water use data as an input for water management. However, many rich bodies of water use data exist at the state level, and an outstanding opportunity exists for assembling and statistically analyzing these data at the national level. This would lead to better techniques for water use estimation and to a greater capacity to link water use with its impact on water resources. This report is a product of the Committee on Water Resources Research, which provides consensus advice to the Water Resources Division (WRD) of the USGS on scientific, research, and programmatic issues. The committee works under the auspices of the Water Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council (NRC). The committee considers a variety of topics that are important scientifically and programmatically to the USGS and the nation and issues reports when appropriate. This report concerns the National Water-Use Information Program (NWUIP).

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 898 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mathematical and statistical modeling of infection and transmission dynamics of viral diseases written by Pierre Magal and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-30 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 1180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book A Spatio temporal Statistical Model of Pollutant Concentrations in Surface Waters written by James J. Majure and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Temporal and Spatial Analysis of Water Quality Time Series written by Farid Khalil Arya and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The models that are able to appropriately study the temporal and spatial dependence structure of water quality and hydrological time series are the essential tools to evaluate the future state of water availability, pollution loading, and best watershed management options. The mass-balance model is one of the current approaches for modeling water quality. However, it has the following limitations: extensive data for inputs, limited effectiveness for many water quality parameters, and ineffectiveness for long-term forecasts. To address the above limitations, statistical and stochastic models, such as classical ARIMA, ANN, and TFN modeling approaches have also been applied to investigate water quality and hydrological time series. However, they also have the some limitations, i.e., Gaussian process and/or linear dependence.Thereby, this study proposes to investigate the water quality and hydrological time series with the use of the following methodologies: (1) applying the order series transformation method to fulfill the assumptions and to address the limitations of the classic (F)AR(I)MA time series modeling approach; (2) applying the copula theory to investigate the spatial dependence pattern for water quality and hydrological time series at the different locations within the same watershed; (3) investigating the temporal dependence for the observed sequences with the use of copula-based Markov process to address the limitations existed in the classic Markov process. To valid the proposed approaches, three watersheds (i.e., Stillaguamish and Snohomish watersheds in Washington: Forest watershed, Chattahoochee River Watershed in Georgia: Urban Watershed, and Cuyahoga River Watershed in Ohio: watershed with mixed LULC) are selected as case-studies. The findings of this study showed: (1) the order series transformation may successfully transform the heavy-skewed and/or fat-tailed univariate time series to Gaussian process to fulfill the assumptions of (F)AR(I)models; (2) the length of records should be considered in evaluating the Hurst phenomenon, if it is existed; (3) the copula theory is an efficient tool in modeling the spatial dependence pattern of water quality and hydrological time series by relaxing the assumptions of classic multivariate analysis; (4) the copula-based Markov processes are able to successfully model the temporal dependence of the observed water quality and hydrological time series by relaxing the assumptions of classic Markov process modeling approach; (5) the estimated VaRs may provide valuable information for risk analysis and management; and (6) the proposed procedures can be adopted by other watersheds for watershed management and decision making.

Download or read book Selected Papers on Agricultural Chemicals in Water Resources of the Midcontinental United States written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book U S Geological Survey Open file Report written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 622 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book U S Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program written by U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology Program. Technical Meeting and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 636 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Natural Resources Land Volume I written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-07-23 with total page 652 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With unprecedented attention on global change, the current debate revolves around the availability and sustainability of natural resources and how to achieve equilibrium between what society demands from natural environments and what the natural resource base can provide. A full understanding of the range of issues, from the consequences of the changing resource bases to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life, is crucial to the process of developing solutions to this complex challenge. Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources provides an authoritative reference on a broad spectrum of topics such as the forcing factors and habitats of life; their histories, current status, and future trends; and their societal connections, economic values, and management. The content presents state-of-the-art science and technology development and perspectives of resource management. Written and designed with a broad audience in mind, the entries clearly elucidate the issues for readers at all levels without sacrificing the scientific rigor required by professionals in the field. Volume I – Land includes 98 entries that cover the topical areas of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as forest and vegetative; soil; terrestrial coastal and inland wetlands; landscape structure and function and change; biological diversity; ecosystem services, protected areas, and management; natural resource economics; and resource security and sustainability. Natural resources represent such a broad scope of complex and challenging topics that a reference book must cover a vast number of subjects in order to be titled an encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources does just that. The topics covered help you face current and future issues in the maintenance of clean air and water as well as the preservation of land resources and native biodiversity. Also Available Online This Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages. US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) [email protected] International: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) [email protected]

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Natural Resources Two Volume Set written by Yeqiao Wang and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-06-01 with total page 1217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With unprecedented attention on global change, the current debate revolves around the availability and sustainability of natural resources and how to achieve equilibrium between what society demands from natural environments and what the natural resource base can provide. A full understanding of the range of issues, from the consequences of the changing resource bases to the degradation of ecological integrity and the sustainability of life, is crucial to the process of developing solutions to this complex challenge. Authored by world-class scientists and scholars, The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources provides an authoritative reference on a broad spectrum of topics such as the forcing factors and habitats of life; their histories, current status, and future trends; and their societal connections, economic values, and management. The content presents state-of-the-art science and technology development and perspectives of resource management. Written and designed with a broad audience in mind, the entries clearly elucidate the issues for readers at all levels. Volume I – Land includes 98 entries that cover the topical areas of renewable and nonrenewable natural resources such as forest and vegetative; soil; terrestrial coastal and inland wetlands; landscape structure and function and change; biological diversity; ecosystem services, protected areas, and management; natural resource economics; and resource security and sustainability. In Volume II, Water includes 59 entries and Air includes 31 entries. The Water entries cover topical areas such as fresh water, groundwater, water quality and watersheds, ice and snow, coastal environments, and marine resources and economics. The Air entries cover air pollutants, atmospheric oscillation, circulation patterns and atmospheric water storage, as well as agroclimatology, climate change, and extreme events. Additional topics in meteorology include acid rain, drought, ozone depletion, water storage, and more. Natural resources represent such a broad scope of complex and challenging topics that a reference book must cover a vast number of subjects in order to be titled an encyclopedia. The Encyclopedia of Natural Resources does just that. The topics covered help readers face current and future issues in the maintenance of clean air and water as well as the preservation of land resources and native biodiversity.

Download or read book Environmental and Ecological Statistics with R Second Edition written by Song S. Qian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emphasizing the inductive nature of statistical thinking, Environmental and Ecological Statistics with R, Second Edition, connects applied statistics to the environmental and ecological fields. Using examples from published works in the ecological and environmental literature, the book explains the approach to solving a statistical problem, covering model specification, parameter estimation, and model evaluation. It includes many examples to illustrate the statistical methods and presents R code for their implementation. The emphasis is on model interpretation and assessment, and using several core examples throughout the book, the author illustrates the iterative nature of statistical inference. The book starts with a description of commonly used statistical assumptions and exploratory data analysis tools for the verification of these assumptions. It then focuses on the process of building suitable statistical models, including linear and nonlinear models, classification and regression trees, generalized linear models, and multilevel models. It also discusses the use of simulation for model checking, and provides tools for a critical assessment of the developed models. The second edition also includes a complete critique of a threshold model. Environmental and Ecological Statistics with R, Second Edition focuses on statistical modeling and data analysis for environmental and ecological problems. By guiding readers through the process of scientific problem solving and statistical model development, it eases the transition from scientific hypothesis to statistical model.

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Reopening Public Facilities After a Biological Attack written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-08-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax attacks in fall 2001 spurred an extensive and costly decontamination effort where many decisions had to be made about which sites required cleanup, what method to use, how to determine the effectiveness of the cleanup, and how "clean" the building had to be for reoccupation. As part of a project funded by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS), and managed by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, the National Research Council was asked to consider the criteria that must be met for a cleanup to be declared successful, allowing the reoccupation of a facility. The report finds that efficiently sampling and characterizing a pathogen is critical for choosing the best remediation strategy. However, there should be no universal standard for deciding when a building is safe to re-enter because varying pathogen amounts and characteristics could require different strategies. The report offers a flowchart for decision-makers that includes questions about the characteristics of the pathogen; how far it has spread; whether it is transmissible between humans; and how long it will survive to pose a threat. The report also recommends that a risk-assessment approach be adopted as part of a strategy for achieving a "socially acceptable" standard for cleanup.