Download or read book Spatial Organisation of Receptive Fields in Mammalian Retinal Ganglion Cells written by Craig R. Vonhoff and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Webvision written by Helga Kolb and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Development and Organization of the Retina written by Leo M. Chalupa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Development and Organization of the Retina offers an invaluable survey of contemporary research issues and methods dealing with the retina and retinal projections. The book's 19 chapters report on investigations into two areas: research into the organization of the mature retina and work on developmental issues. A sampling of chapter topics includes -- embryonic patterning of cone subtypes in the mammalian retina -- synaptic transmission between retinal neurons -- scaling the retina, macro and micro -- retinal ganglion cell axonal transport, and more.
Download or read book Neurobiology and Clinical Aspects of the Outer Retina written by M.B. Djamgoz and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 503 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book deals with the cellular biology, biochemistry and physiology of photoreceptors and their interactions with the second-order neurons, bipolar and horizontal cells. The focus is upon the contributions made by these neurons to vision. Thus the basic neurobiology of the outer retina is related to the visual process, and visual defects that could arise from abnormalities in this part of the retina are highlighted in the first 16 chapters. Since all vertebrate retinas have the same basic structure and physiological plan, examples are given from a variety of species, with an emphasis upon mammals, extending to human vision. The last four chapters approach the problem from the other end. This part of the book covers a range of clinical conditions involving visual abnormalities that are due to cellular defects in the outer retina. Although the contents of this book do not represent the proceedings of a conference, the concept arose at an international symposium on 'Recent Advances in Retinal Research' which was held at the International Marine Centre in Oristano, Sardinia. We hope that the book will give a coherent, up to date review of the neurobiology and clinical aspects of the outer retina and encourage further integration of these areas. Retinal neurobiology has been an intense field of investigation for several decades. More recently, it has seen significant advances with the application of modern techniques of cell and molecular biology.
Download or read book Foundations of Vision written by Brian A. Wandell and published by Sinauer Associates, Incorporated. This book was released on 1995 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed for students, scientists and engineers interested in learning about the core ideas of vision science, this volume brings together the broad range of data and theory accumulated in this field.
Download or read book Encoding Visual Features by Parallel Ganglion Cell Initiated Pathways in the Healthy Diseased and Artificial Retina written by Béla Völgyi and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Photons are sensed by retinal photoreceptors whose matrix-like distribution underlies the transformation of illumination patterns of the visual scene into photoreceptor activity patterns in a visuotopic fashion. Activity of neighboring photoreceptors then are compared by secondary bipolar cells to decipher information regarding luminosity- and color-contrast. Bipolar cells achieve this by comparing signals received directly from their center receptive field with those come from spatially offset surrounding receptive field areas mediated by inhibitory, sign-inverting horizontal cells. This information is ultimately sent to retinal ganglion cells, the output neurons of the retina. In addition to the excitatory bipolar cell inputs, spatial and temporal features of ganglion cell activation are robustly modified by inner retinal amacrine cells through inhibitory chemical and/or excitatory electrical synaptic inputs. Ganglion cells sample various bipolar cell subtypes in their dendritic field and utilize collected inputs to generate a spike output code on luminosity-contrast, color-contrast, object motion, background motion, motion direction, changes in background illumination in a subtype specific manner. Ganglion cells in each subtype cover the retinal surface economically, thus collective information across the population provide a feature pattern and through time a feature movie to the brain. Some of these movies are utilized for image perception, whereas others are sent to accessory visual brain centers to control eye-movement, pupil contraction or circadian entrainment. A large body of information has been revealed in the past decade regarding this field, however much of the details still remain unknown or even enigmatic, including: (i) the precise description of neural circuits that serve each ganglion cell subtype to generate a specific feature movie; (ii) the estimation of the number of various ganglion cell subtypes that partake in image forming and non-image forming signaling towards the brain; (iii) the description of changes in the inputs, morphology and signaling of retinal ganglion cells when the tissue is under stress or undergoes disease related degenerative processes; (iv) the comparison of ganglion cell classes with those of the human retina and finally, (v) the practical use of all the above information to establish retina inspired visual algorithms to suit computer, drone and/or robotic vision. Therefore, research articles in this issue were collected to touch upon each of these topics and highlight recent advances of the related field.
Download or read book Latencies of the Spatial Components of the Retinal Ganglion Cell Receptive Field written by Mary Lou Mallon and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Parallel Processing in the Visual System written by Jonathan Stone and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the mid-sixties, John Robson and Christina Enroth-Cugell, without realizing what they were doing, set off a virtual revolution in the study of the visual system. They were trying to apply the methods of linear systems analysis (which were already being used to describe the optics of the eye and the psychophysical performance of the human visual system) to the properties of retinal ganglion cells in the cat. Their idea was to stimulate the retina with patterns of stripes and to look at the way that the signals from the center and the antagonistic surround of the respective field of each ganglion cell (first described by Stephen Kuffier) interact to generate the cell's responses. Many of the ganglion cells behaved themselves very nicely and John and Christina got into the habit (they now say) of calling them I (interesting) cells. However. to their annoyance, the majority of neurons they recorded had nasty, nonlinear properties that couldn't be predicted on the basis of simple summ4tion of light within the center and the surround. These uncoop erative ganglion cells, which Enroth-Cugell and Robson at first called D (dull) cells, produced transient bursts of impulses every time the distribution of light falling on the receptive field was changed, even if the total light flux was unaltered.
Download or read book Spatial Summation in the Receptive Fields of Cells in the Rabbit s Striate Cortex written by David Lee Glanzman and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book An Analysis of Spatial Summation in the Receptive Fields of Goldfish Retinal Ganglion Cells written by Michael W. Levine and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Visual Neurosciences written by John Simon Werner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 975 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An essential reference book for visual science.
Download or read book Color Vision written by Karl R. Gegenfurtner and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2001-05-28 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Color Vision, first published in 2000, defines the state of knowledge about all aspects of human and primate color vision.
Download or read book Visual Neuroscience written by J. D. Pettigrew and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1986-12-18 with total page 470 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Visual neuroscience is the study of the way in which the -brain accomplishes sight, and this book presents overviews of a range of topics in this area. The chapters are grouped into six sections - retina, retino-geniculate connections, visual development, comparative visual physiology, visual cortex and integrative aspects - and the authors describe both their own contributions to the field, and the influence of their teacher, P.O. Bishop, on their scientific development.
Download or read book From Pigments to Perception written by Arne Valberg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 475 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceedings of a NATO ARW on Advances in Understanding Visual Processes: Convergence of Neurophysiological and Psychological Evidence, held in Roros, Norway, August 6-10, 1990
Download or read book The New Visual Neurosciences written by John S. Werner and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2013-10-25 with total page 1693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of contemporary research in the vision sciences, reflecting the rapid advances of recent years. Visual science is the model system for neuroscience, its findings relevant to all other areas. This essential reference to contemporary visual neuroscience covers the extraordinary range of the field today, from molecules and cell assemblies to systems and therapies. It provides a state-of-the art companion to the earlier book The Visual Neurosciences (MIT Press, 2003). This volume covers the dramatic advances made in the last decade, offering new topics, new authors, and new chapters. The New Visual Neurosciences assembles groundbreaking research, written by international authorities. Many of the 112 chapters treat seminal topics not included in the earlier book. These new topics include retinal feature detection; cortical connectomics; new approaches to mid-level vision and spatiotemporal perception; the latest understanding of how multimodal integration contributes to visual perception; new theoretical work on the role of neural oscillations in information processing; and new molecular and genetic techniques for understanding visual system development. An entirely new section covers invertebrate vision, reflecting the importance of this research in understanding fundamental principles of visual processing. Another new section treats translational visual neuroscience, covering recent progress in novel treatment modalities for optic nerve disorders, macular degeneration, and retinal cell replacement. The New Visual Neurosciences is an indispensable reference for students, teachers, researchers, clinicians, and anyone interested in contemporary neuroscience. Associate Editors Marie Burns, Joy Geng, Mark Goldman, James Handa, Andrew Ishida, George R. Mangun, Kimberley McAllister, Bruno Olshausen, Gregg Recanzone, Mandyam Srinivasan, W.Martin Usrey, Michael Webster, David Whitney Sections Retinal Mechanisms and Processes Organization of Visual Pathways Subcortical Processing Processing in Primary Visual Cortex Brightness and Color Pattern, Surface, and Shape Objects and Scenes Time, Motion, and Depth Eye Movements Cortical Mechanisms of Attention, Cognition, and Multimodal Integration Invertebrate Vision Theoretical Perspectives Molecular and Developmental Processes Translational Visual Neuroscience
Download or read book The Spatiotemporal Receptive Field Properties of Rat Retinal Ganglion Cells written by Walter Ferdinand Heine and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The function of the retina is to encode relevant features of the visual world in the form of neural spike trains. These are transmitted to higher visual centers in the brain by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which form the neural output of the retina. Little is known about the receptive field properties of these cells in the rat. In vivo recording techniques were used to record from RGC axons while visual stimuli were displayed on a cathode ray tube. Rats have a wide visual field and large receptive fields. In order to capture the majority of the visual field, the monitor was placed in close proximity to the eye of the animal. Visual stimulus patterns such as luminance gratings appear distorted at a close viewing distance. We therefore simulated a spherical screen with the eye at its center. Cells shared many properties with those of other species but also exhibited some notable differences. Some cells exhibited the characteristic linear and nonlinear spatial summation of cat X and Y cells and were therefore labeled as X and Y-like. More rarely encountered cell types included the suppressed by contrast and ON-OFF surround cells. In contrast to their counterparts in the cat, X and Y-like cells in the rat had similar receptive field sizes. In the temporal domain, X-like cells exhibited sustained response dynamics to square wave modulated spots. Y-like cells, on the other hand, displayed both sustained and transient response dynamics. Both cell types responded to full field stimuli by reducing their gain at low temporal frequencies and exhibiting a resonance at higher frequencies. These results question the commonly assigned roles of X-like cells in high acuity vision and Y-like cells in motion detection. Anatomical data on their morphological properties and projection pattern will provide additional insight into their possible functional roles. Photodynamic staining provides a means of targeting cells for electrophysiological recordings that display specific morphological and projection patterns. We found enhanced photodynamic staining in media supplemented with oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. This information will aid future experiments correlating the anatomical and electrophysiological properties of RGC types.
Download or read book Vision and the Visual System written by Peter H. Schiller and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2015 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Vision and the Visual System' offers students, teachers and researchers a rigorous, yet accessible account of how the brain analyses the visual scene. Schiller and Tehovnik describe key aspects of visual perception such as colour, motion, pattern and depth while explaining the relationship between eye movements and neural structures in the brain.
