Download or read book Spatial Ecology and the Conservation of Temperate Marine Fishes written by Travis Shepherd and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Studying Temperate Marine Environments written by Michael J. Kingsford and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-02 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: You know there is a problem. You need to prove it. You need to design a study that pinpoints all the relevant issues. Studying Temperate Marine Environments: A Handbook for Ecologists provides you with guidelines, examples, leads, and suggestions for beginning the process.
Download or read book Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes written by David H. Secor and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthetic treatment of all marine fish taxa (teleosts and elasmobranchs), this book employs explanatory frameworks from avian and systems ecology while arguing that migrations are emergent phenomena, structured through schooling, phenotypic plasticity, and other collective agencies. The book provides overviews of the following concepts: The comparative movement ecology of fishes and birds; The alignment of mating systems with larval dispersal; Schooling and migration as adaptations to marine food webs; Natal homing; Connectivity in populations and metapopulations; The contribution of migration ecology to population resilience
Download or read book Marine Conservation written by G. Carleton Ray and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-12-31 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Providing a guide for marine conservation practice, Marine Conservation takes a whole-systems approach, covering major advances in marine ecosystem understanding. Its premise is that conservation must be informed by the natural histories of organisms together with the hierarchy of scale-related linkages and ecosystem processes. The authors introduce a broad range of overlapping issues and the conservation mechanisms that have been devised to achieve marine conservation goals. The book provides students and conservation practitioners with a framework for thoughtful, critical thinking in order to incite innovation in the 21st century. "Marine Conservation presents a scholarly but eminently readable case for the necessity of a systems approach to conserving the oceans, combining superb introductions to the science, law and policy frameworks with carefully chosen case studies. This superb volume is a must for anyone interested in marine conservation, from students and practitioners to lay readers and policy-makers." —Simon Levin, George M. Moffett Professor of Biology, Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University
Download or read book Spatial Ecology and Conservation of Deep sea Fishes and Corals Off Newfoundland and Labrador Canada written by Krista Dawn Baker and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of Marine Fishes written by Dr. Larry G. Allen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006-02-15 with total page 1353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine fishes have been intensively studied, and some of the fundamental ideas in the science of marine ecology have emerged from the body of knowledge derived from this diverse group of organisms. This unique, authoritative, and accessible reference, compiled by 35 luminary ecologists, evolutionary biologists, and ichthyologists, provides a synthesis and interpretation of the large, often daunting, body of information on the ecology of marine fishes. The focus is on the fauna of the eastern Pacific, especially the fishes of the California coast, a group among the most diverse and best studied of all marine ecosystems. A generously illustrated and comprehensive source of information, this volume will also be an important launching pad for future research and will shed new light on the study of marine fish ecology worldwide. The contributors touch on many fields in biology, including physiology, development, genetics, behavior, ecology, and evolution. The book includes sections on the history of research, both published and unpublished data, sections on collecting techniques, and references to important earlier studies.
Download or read book Dispersal Fishing and the Conservation of Marine Species written by Malin La Farge Pinsky and published by Stanford University. This book was released on 2011 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A central goal of ecology is to understand the forces driving the distribution and abundance of organisms. However, understanding the population dynamics of high-dispersal species, their conservation, and the connections between population dynamics and evolution remains difficult. It is in this context that marine organisms provide a particularly intriguing and challenging study system. Their population dynamics are often highly stochastic, most species have a great ability to disperse, and as the last group of wild species exploited commercially, their ecology and evolution can be strongly influenced by human behavior. By using population genetics, modeling, and meta-analysis, this thesis investigates the spatial ecology of reef fish and the causes and evolutionary consequences of global fisheries collapse. One of the first challenges in understanding spatial population dynamics is obtaining accurate measurements of dispersal abilities. This has been especially difficult for marine species with pelagic larvae. In Chapter 1, I apply a new approach to measuring single-generation dispersal kernels in Clark's anemonefish (Amphiprion clarkii) in the central Philippines. After developing two methods for measuring the strength of local genetic drift, my results suggest that larval dispersal kernels in A. clarkii had a spread near 11 km (4-27 km). This study shows that ecologically relevant larval dispersal can be estimated with widely available genetic methods when effective density is measured carefully through cohort sampling and ecological censuses. In Chapter 2, I use dispersal kernels to develop a model for population openness. Openness refers to the degree to which populations are replenished by immigrants or by local production, a factor that has strong implications for population dynamics, species interactions, and response to exploitation. It is also a population trait that has been increasingly measured empirically, though we have until now lacked theory for predicting population openness. I show that considering habitat isolation elegantly explains the existence of surprisingly closed populations in high dispersal species, and that relatively closed populations are expected when patch spacing is more than twice the standard deviation of a species' dispersal kernel. In addition, empirical scales of habitat patchiness on coral reefs are sufficient to create both largely open and largely closed populations. We predict that habitat patchiness has strong control over population replenishment pathways for a wide range of marine and terrestrial species with a highly dispersive life stage. While the first tow chapters have strong implications for the design of regional marine protected areas, I turn to global conservation questions in Chapters 3 and 4. I first ask which marine fishes are most vulnerable to human impacts. Surveys of terrestrial species have suggested that large-bodied species and top predators are the most at risk, but there has been no global test of this hypothesis in the sea. Contrary to expectations, two datasets compiled from around the world suggest that up to twice as many fisheries for small, low trophic level species have collapsed as compared to those for large predators. I then show that collapsed and overfished species have lower genetic diversity than their close relatives. While the ecological and ecosystem impacts of harvesting wild populations have long been recognized, it has been controversial how widespread evolutionary impacts are. Using a meta-analytical approach across 37 taxonomically paired comparisons, I find on average 19% fewer alleles per locus in overfished species, but little difference in heterozygosity. I confirm with simulations that these results are consistent with a recent population bottleneck. These results suggest that the genetic impacts of overharvest are widespread, even among abundant species. A loss of allelic richness has implications for the long-term evolutionary potential of species.
Download or read book Spatio temporal Ecology and Management of Temperate Reef Fish Populations written by and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The demography of marine reef fishes with a dispersive larval stage can be highly variable, with several processes that govern reproduction, dispersal, and recruitment operating across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Characterizing the patterns of this variation and the underlying processes responsible for them can help guide efforts to conserve and manage human impacts on these species. In this dissertation, I explore how associations between temperate reef habitat and fish reproductive potential may vary across spatial scales, how spatial and temporal variation in larval production can influence spatial management strategies, and how stochastic variation in larval dispersal and settlement may affect the ability to detect the impacts of management actions. Habitat attributes may have both separate and combined effects on the reproductive potential of reef fishes across spatial scales, but the patterns and ecological processes governing these relationships do not necessarily "scale up" from small-scale, in-situ observations to whole reefs and seascapes. In Chapter 1, I combine in-situ dive surveys with high-resolution habitat maps to investigate how associations between reproductive potential of the kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and kelp forest habitat attributes translate between within- and among-reef spatial scales. Macroalgae and benthic rugosity explain the most variation in reproductive potential within reefs, but the configuration of available habitat explains more variation among reefs. I propose that a mismatch between processes operating at different spatial scales is responsible for these results and suggest that future efforts to clarify among-reef relationships are necessary to estimate reproductive potential of fishes on rocky reefs. Marine reserves are an integral management tool to protect biomass and rebuild depleted fisheries, particularly when important locations for larval production are protected. However, given the uncertainty and temporally dynamic nature of spatially-structured populations, rotating closures might provide a more adaptive solution to both conserve and utilize built-up biomass. In Chapter 2, I construct an age-structured population model with spatially-structured larval productivity to compare the relative efficacy of marine reserves and rotating closures at achieving conservation and fishery management goals. Given a population with a static larval production location, rotating closures outperform permanently fishing the larval production location but underperform permanently protecting the larval production location in the source in terms of total biomass and yield. When the location of the larval production varies in time, permanent reserves generally sustain higher biomass but rotating closures allow for higher fishery yield, and these results are robust to uncertainty in the location of the larval production in any given year. Rotating closures may therefore better buffer against spatial uncertainty in production locations while permanent reserves buffer against temporal uncertainty. Many marine populations are subject to considerable interannual variation in critical demographic rates such as larval dispersal and survival, and such variation may obscure short-term population responses to protection by marine reserves. In Chapter 3, I consider an age-structured population with stochastic variation in larval survival and population openness to explore the conditions under which managers might expect to observe population responses contrary to deterministic projections through the first 10 years of reserve protection. While the shape of stochasticity in larval survival does not have a strong effect on the ability to detect population changes due to reserve protection, temporal autocorrelation in survival does increase the risk of failing to detect a reserve effect. The degree of population openness may indirectly affect recovery trajectories by changing intrinsic population growth rates, but resolving overall larval survival matters more to detecting reserve effects than does resolving larval origin.
Download or read book Coral Reef Fishes written by Peter F. Sale and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2002-05-15 with total page 567 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Insects is a comprehensive work devoted to all aspects of insects, including their anatomy, physiology, evolution, behavior, reproduction, ecology, and disease, as well as issues of exploitation, conservation, and management. Articles provide definitive facts about all insects from aphids, beetles and butterflies to weevils and yellowjackets. Insects are beautiful and dreadful, ravenous pests and devastating disease vectors, resilient and resistant to eradication, and the source of great benefit and great loss for civilization. Important for ecosystem health, they have infl.
Download or read book The Ecology of Marine Fishes written by Larry G. Allen and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2006 with total page 672 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A masterful accomplishment—Allen, Pondella and Horn have assembled a talented team of experts who produce authoritative, up-to-date accounts. This book will be used as the primary text in many fish biology courses and as a valuable reference elsewhere. Here is a wealth of data waiting to be mined by legions of graduate students as they generate the new ideas that will motivate marine ecology for years.”—Peter Sale, Editor of Coral Reef Fishes: Dynamics and Diversity in a Complex Ecosystem "A copiously illustrated and comprehensive interpretation of the past, present, and future state of over 500 species of fishes in Californian waters. A compilation of virtually all the many important studies on the ecology of California marine fishes."—Bruce B. Collette, National Marine Fisheries Service and co-author of The Diversity of Fishes
Download or read book Migration Ecology of Marine Fishes written by David Hallock Secor and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2015-06-15 with total page 305 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revelatory look at the secrets of marine fish migration. Not since F. R. Harden Jones published his masterwork on fish migration in 1968 has a book so thoroughly demystified the subject. With stunning clarity, David Hallock Secor's Migration Ecology of Fishes finally penetrates the clandestine nature of marine fish migration. Secor explains how the four decades of research since Jones's classic have employed digital-age technologies—including electronic miniaturization, computing, microchemistry, ocean observing systems, and telecommunications—that render overt the previously hidden migration behaviors of fish. Emerging from the millions of observed, telemetered, simulated, and chemically traced movement paths is an appreciation of the individual fish. Members of the same populations may stay put, explore, delay, accelerate, evacuate, and change course as they conditionally respond to their marine existence. But rather than a morass of individual behaviors, Secor shows us that populations are collectively organized through partial migration, which causes groups of individuals to embark on very different migration pathways despite being members of the same population. Case studies throughout the book emphasize how migration ecology confounds current fisheries management. Yet, as Secor explains, conservation frameworks that explicitly consider the influence of migration on yield, stability, and resilience outcomes have the potential to transform fisheries management. A synthetic treatment of all marine fish taxa (teleosts and elasmobranchs), this book employs explanatory frameworks from avian and systems ecology while arguing that migrations are emergent phenomena, structured through schooling, phenotypic plasticity, and other collective agencies. The book provides overviews of the following concepts: • The comparative movement ecology of fishes and birds • The alignment of mating systems with larval dispersal • Schooling and migration as adaptations to marine food webs • Natal homing • Connectivity in populations and metapopulations • The contribution of migration ecology to population resilience
Download or read book Spatial Ecology and Conservation Modeling written by Robert Fletcher and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-15 with total page 531 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a foundation for modern applied ecology. Much of current ecology research and conservation addresses problems across landscapes and regions, focusing on spatial patterns and processes. This book is aimed at teaching fundamental concepts and focuses on learning-by-doing through the use of examples with the software R. It is intended to provide an entry-level, easily accessible foundation for students and practitioners interested in spatial ecology and conservation.
Download or read book Habitat Suitability and Distribution Models written by Antoine Guisan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-14 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book introduces the key stages of niche-based habitat suitability model building, evaluation and prediction required for understanding and predicting future patterns of species and biodiversity. Beginning with the main theory behind ecological niches and species distributions, the book proceeds through all major steps of model building, from conceptualization and model training to model evaluation and spatio-temporal predictions. Extensive examples using R support graduate students and researchers in quantifying ecological niches and predicting species distributions with their own data, and help to address key environmental and conservation problems. Reflecting this highly active field of research, the book incorporates the latest developments from informatics and statistics, as well as using data from remote sources such as satellite imagery. A website at www.unil.ch/hsdm contains the codes and supporting material required to run the examples and teach courses.
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Ecology of Sandy Shores written by Anton McLachlan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 574 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approx.560 pages Approx.560 pages
Download or read book The Controversy over Marine Protected Areas written by Alex Caveen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-17 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a critical analysis of the concept of marine protected areas (MPAs) particularly as a tool for marine resource management. It explains the reasons for the extraordinary rise of MPAs to the top of the political agenda for marine policy, and evaluates the scientific credentials for the unprecedented popularity of this management option. The book reveals the role played by two policy networks – epistemic community and advocacy coalition – in promoting the notion of MPA, showing how advocacy for marine reserves by some scientists based on limited evidence of fisheries benefits has led to a blurring of the boundary between science and politics. Second, the study investigates whether the scientific consensus on MPAs has resulted in a publication bias, whereby pro-MPA articles are given preferential treatment by peer-reviewed academic journals, though it found only limited evidence of such a bias. Third, the project conducts a systematic review of the literature to determine the ecological effects of MPAs, and reaches the conclusion that there is little proof of a positive impact on finfish populations in temperate waters. Fourth, the study uses discourse analysis to trace the effects of a public campaigning policy network on marine conservation zones (MCZs) in England, which demonstrated that there was considerable confusion over the objectives that MCZs were being designated to achieve. The book’s conclusion is that the MPA issue shows the power of ideas in marine governance, but offers a caution that scientists who cross the line between science and politics risk exaggerating the benefits of MPAs by glossing over uncertainties in the data, which may antagonise the fishing industry, delay resolution of the MPA issue, and weaken public faith in marine science if and when the benefits of MCZs are subsequently seen to be limited.
Download or read book Behaviour and Conservation of Littoral Fishes written by Vitor C. Almada and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
