Download or read book Spatial Diversity in Invention written by Tom Nicholas and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This article uses historical data on inventor and firm research and development (R&D) lab locations to examine the technological and geographic structure of corporate knowledge capital accumulation during a formative period in the organization of United States innovation. Despite the localization of inventive activity around the labs, one-quarter of inventors lived outside a 30 mile commuting radius of the nearest facility of the firm they assigned their patents to. A strong positive effect of distance from a lab on technological importance is identified, especially for inventors from large cities that were geographically separated from a firm's; labs. A patent case-control method helps explain spatial sourcing by showing that the average quality of externally available inventions was high. Firms selected complementary, not substitute, inventions from non-lab urban locations, suggesting a link between the organization and the geography of innovation.
Download or read book The Invention of Public Space written by Mariana Mogilevich and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2020-08-04 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The interplay of psychology, design, and politics in experiments with urban open space As suburbanization, racial conflict, and the consequences of urban renewal threatened New York City with “urban crisis,” the administration of Mayor John V. Lindsay (1966–1973) experimented with a broad array of projects in open spaces to affirm the value of city life. Mariana Mogilevich provides a fascinating history of a watershed moment when designers, government administrators, and residents sought to remake the city in the image of a diverse, free, and democratic society. New pedestrian malls, residential plazas, playgrounds in vacant lots, and parks on postindustrial waterfronts promised everyday spaces for play, social interaction, and participation in the life of the city. Whereas designers had long created urban spaces for a broad amorphous public, Mogilevich demonstrates how political pressures and the influence of the psychological sciences led them to a new conception of public space that included diverse publics and encouraged individual flourishing. Drawing on extensive archival research, site work, interviews, and the analysis of film and photographs, The Invention of Public Space considers familiar figures, such as William H. Whyte and Jane Jacobs, in a new light and foregrounds the important work of landscape architects Paul Friedberg and Lawrence Halprin and the architects of New York City’s Urban Design Group. The Invention of Public Space brings together psychology, politics, and design to uncover a critical moment of transformation in our understanding of city life and reveals the emergence of a concept of public space that remains today a powerful, if unrealized, aspiration.
Download or read book Multifunctional MIMO Antennas Fundamentals and Application written by Yadwinder Kumar and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2022-05-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive approach to antenna designs for various applications, including 5G communication, the internet of things (IoT), and wearable devices. It discusses models, designs, and developments of MIMO antennas, antenna performance measurement, 5G communication challenges and opportunities, and MIMO antennas for LTE/ISM applications. It covers important topics including mmWave antennas, antenna arrays for MIMO applications, reconfigurable/band-notched MIMO antennas, multiband MIMO antennas, wideband MIMO antennas, and fractal-based compact multiband hybrid antennas. FEATURES Discusses antenna design optimization techniques in detail Covers MIMO antenna performance measurement, multiband MIMO antennas, and wideband MIMO antennas Discusses modeling, simulation, and specific absorption rate (SAR) analysis of antennas Provides applications including radio-frequency identification (RFID), wearable antennas, and antennas for IoT Multifunctional MIMO Antennas: Fundamentals and Application is useful for undergraduate and graduate students and academic researchers in areas including electrical engineering, electronics, and communication engineering.
Download or read book The Notion of Space within Diverse Fields of Cognizance written by Driss Bouyahya and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-28 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a multifaceted approach to how meanings of space are created and how they impact individuals’ perceptions, sense of belonging, identity, actions and ideologies. It brings together various contributions that shed light on the multiplicity of voices and narratives on space, on their co-existence and forms of interactions, and on the ways in which they emerged from, and reshaped, relations of power.
Download or read book Property Rights in Inventions Made Under Federal Space Research Contracts written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science and Astronautics and published by . This book was released on 1959 with total page 1004 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Space that Separates A Realist Theory of Art written by Nick Wilson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-08-23 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Space that Separates: A Realist Theory of Art radically challenges our assumptions about what art is, what art does, who is doing it, and why it matters. Rejecting the modernist and market-driven misconception that art is only what artists do, Wilson instead presents a realist case for living artfully. Art is defined as the skilled practice of giving shareable form to our experiences of being-in-relation with the real; that is to say, the causally generative domain of the world that extends beyond our direct observation, comprising relations, structures, mechanisms, possibilities, powers, processes, systems, forces, values, ways of being. In communicating such aesthetic experience we behold life’s betweenness – "the space that separates", so coming to know ourselves as connected. Providing the first dedicated and comprehensive account of art and aesthetics from a critical realist perspective – Aesthetic Critical Realism (ACR), Wilson argues for a profound paradigm shift in how we understand and care for culture in terms of our system(s) of value recognition. Fortunately, we have just the right tool to help us achieve this transformation – and it’s called art. Offering novel explanatory accounts of art, aesthetic experience, value, play, culture, creativity, artistic truth and beauty, this book will appeal to a wide audience of students and scholars of art, aesthetics, human development, philosophy and critical realism, as well as cultural practitioners and policy-makers.
Download or read book Understanding Long Run Economic Growth written by Dora L. Costa and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2011-08-10 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conditions for sustainable growth and development are among the most debated topics in economics, and the consensus is that institutions matter greatly in explaining why some economies are more successful than others over time. Probing the long-term effects of early colonial differences on immigration policy, land distribution, and financial development in a variety of settings, Understanding Long-Run Economic Growth explores the relationship between economic conditions, growth, and inequality, with a focus on how the monopolization of resources by the political elite limits incentives for ordinary people to invest in human capital or technological discovery. Among the topics discussed are the development of credit markets in France, the evolution of transportation companies in the United Kingdom and the United States, and the organization of innovation in the United States.
Download or read book Research and Invention in Outer Space written by Mosteshar and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2023-11-27 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Outer space affords a unique physical environment in which to conduct experiments. The most widely appreciated characteristic of the space environment is that of microgravity. Outer space also provides a sterile setting not easily or inexpensively achievable on Earth. The electromagnetic and radiation levels too differ significantly from those on Earth. These and other natural attributes of outer space make it a potentially attractive environment for the conduct of experiments, which will lead to inventions in a wide range of high technology fields. This unique environment is increasingly accessible to experimenters and inventors at costs which are commercially attractive. The Mir Space Station as well as NASA Shuttle Flights already provide opportunities for experiments to be conducted in outer space. When the Multi-National Space Station is established there will be even greater numbers of experiments and research projects conducted there. Outer space also presents a unique legal environment for these activities. Recognizing this, and the uncertainty surrounding a number of central legal issues which will result from such activity, this book sheds light on the incidental legal questions that arise. Based on the papers presented at a conference on the topic in Paris, the book examines patentability and intellectual property infringement, as well as contractual issues and related topics. Also included are papers on the liabilities that arise out of activities in outer space, the relevant jurisdictional considerations, and the growing commercialization of space activities in the United States and in Europe.
Download or read book The Economics of Structural Change in Knowledge written by Francesco Quatraro and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a theoretically novel way of approaching the knowledge economy, combining analysis of the works of Schumpeter and Kuznets and suggesting fresh conclusions. Francesco Quataro is an up and coming young scholar whose research with Cristiano Antonelli has been widely published in journals.
Download or read book Electronic Inventions and Discoveries written by G.W.A Drummer and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-09-17 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a remarkably short time, electronics has penetrated almost every aspect of modern life and the pace of development in the field shows no sign of slackening. One of the first books to cover electronic inventions in depth, Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from Its Earliest Beginnings to the Present Day, Fourth Edition traces the development of electronics from its earliest beginnings to the present day. Spanning a period of two and a half centuries, the book presents a mini-encyclopedia full of valuable information on practically all inventions in electronics from 1745 to 1996. This fourth edition has been brought up-to-date and made more attractive by a complete redesign while still maintaining the successful features of previous editions. The first nine chapters supply concise yet comprehensive histories of the main areas of the subject. Subsequent chapters provide a list of inventions by subject and succinct descriptions of each invention in date order with over 1,000 references. The book concludes with a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a list of books on inventions and inventors, and a comprehensive index. During his seventy years in the field, the author has collected a variety of published data to form an up-to-date systematic review of the major developments in electronics and the pattern of advances in electronic techniques. The book forms an essential source of reference to practicing engineers wishing to broaden their knowledge. Teachers and students who require a sound background and understanding of electronics will also find the book invaluable. Written in an easily understood largely nontechnical language, this fascinating and authoritative history of electronic developments will be of great interest to electronic hobbyists and general science readers.
Download or read book American Independent Inventors in an Era of Corporate R D written by Eric S. Hintz and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2021-08-17 with total page 369 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How America's individual inventors persisted alongside corporate R&D labs as an important source of inventions. During the nineteenth century, heroic individual inventors such as Thomas Edison and Alexander Graham Bell created entirely new industries while achieving widespread fame. However, by 1927, a New York Times editorial suggested that teams of corporate scientists at General Electric, AT&T, and DuPont had replaced the solitary "garret inventor" as the wellspring of invention. But these inventors never disappeared. In this book, Eric Hintz argues that lesser-known inventors such as Chester Carlson (Xerox photocopier), Samuel Ruben (Duracell batteries), and Earl Tupper (Tupperware) continued to develop important technologies throughout the twentieth century. Moreover, Hintz explains how independent inventors gradually fell from public view as corporate brands increasingly became associated with high-tech innovation. Focusing on the years from 1890 to 1950, Hintz documents how American independent inventors competed (and sometimes partnered) with their corporate rivals, adopted a variety of flexible commercialization strategies, established a series of short-lived professional groups, lobbied for fairer patent laws, and mobilized for two world wars. After 1950, the experiences of independent inventors generally mirrored the patterns of their predecessors, and they continued to be overshadowed during corporate R&D's postwar golden age. The independents enjoyed a resurgence, however, at the turn of the twenty-first century, as Apple's Steve Jobs and Shark Tank's Lori Greiner heralded a new generation of heroic inventor-entrepreneurs. By recovering the stories of a group once considered extinct, Hintz shows that independent inventors have long been—and remain—an important source of new technologies.
Download or read book Electronic Inventions and Discoveries written by G. W. A. Dummer and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Electronic Inventions and Discoveries: Electronics from Its Earliest Beginnings to the Present Day provides a summary of the development of the whole field of electronics. Organized into 13 chapters, the book covers and reviews the history of electronics as a whole and its aspects. The opening chapter covers the beginnings of electronics, while the next chapter discusses the development of components, transistors, and integrated circuits. The third chapter tackles the expansion of electronics and its effects on industry. The succeeding chapters discuss the history of the aspects of electronics, such as audio and sound reproduction, radio and telecommunications, radar, television, computers, robotics, information technology, and industrial and other applications. Chapter 10 provides a lists of electronic inventions according to subject, while Chapter 11 provides a concise description of each invention by date order. Chapter 12 enumerates the inventors of electronic devices. The last chapter provides a list of books about inventions and inventors. This book will appeal to readers who are curious about the development of electronics throughout history.
Download or read book The Most Exciting Book of Science Inventions and Space Ever written by DK and published by Penguin. This book was released on 2023-03-28 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Travel with mischievous cartoon guides The Brainwaves through a range of wittily explained STEM topics Meet the Brainwaves, hilarious little mischief-makers who will be your guides to a marvelous range of mind-blowing science topics - from the wisest and wackiest inventions the world has ever seen to the adventures of pioneering astronauts, plus all the core information you need to know, such as the periodic table, energy, forces, and matter. These pint-sized pals will jump aboard the invention of the car, take you on a madcap holiday to Mars and outer space, and will even shrink down to atomic level to explore the most basic building blocks of science. Through their zany antics, readers can take a fantastical foray into a range of fields, learning about science, space, and discovering more than 300 inventions. Each exciting illustrated adventure is packed with amazing facts and core information to learn about - from why gravity sucks to how the Industrial Revolution was powered. With a host of colorful characters offering entertaining insights on each subject, the Brainwaves will both delight your eyes and broaden your knowledge.
Download or read book Electronic Inventions and Discoveries written by Geoffrey William Arnold Dummer and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-11 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a mini-encyclopedia full of valuable information on practically all inventions in electronics from 1745 to 1996. This fourth edition has been brought up-to-date and made more attractive by a complete redesign while still maintaining the successful features of previous editions. The first nine chapters supply concise yet comprehensive histories of the main areas of the subject. Subsequent chapters provide a list of inventions by subject and succinct descriptions of each invention in date order with over 1,000 references. The book concludes with a list of acronyms and abbreviations, a list of books on inventions and inventors, and a comprehensive index.
Download or read book Innovators Firms and Markets written by Jonathan M. Barnett and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-12-18 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conventional wisdom holds that robust enforcement of intellectual property (IP) right suppress competition and innovation by shielding incumbents against the entry threats posed by smaller innovators. That assumption has driven mostly successful efforts to weaken US patent protections for over a decade. This book challenges that assumption. In Innovators, Firms, and Markets, Jonathan M. Barnett confronts the reigning policy consensus by analyzing the relationship between IP rights, firm organization, and market structure. Integrating tools and concepts from IP and antitrust law, institutional economics, and political science, real-world understandings of technology markets, and empirical insights from the economic history of the US patent system, Barnett provides a novel framework for IP policy analysis. His cohesive framework explains how robust enforcement of IP rights enables entrepreneurial firms, which are rich in ideas but poor in capital, to secure outside investment and form the cooperative relationships needed to transform a breakthrough innovation into a marketable product. The history of the US patent system and firms' lobbying tendencies show that weakening patent protections removes a critical tool for entrants to challenge incumbents that enjoy difficult-to-match commercialization and financing capacities. Counterintuitively, the book demonstrates that weak IP rights are often the best entry barrier the state can provide to protect entrenched incumbents against disruptive innovators. By challenging common assumptions and offering a powerful integrated framework for understanding how innovation happens and the law's role in that process, Barnett's Innovators, Firms, and Markets provides important insights into how IP law shapes our economy.
Download or read book The Invention of Time and Space written by Patrice F. Dassonville and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-09-30 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This investigation of time and space is motivated by gaps in our current understanding: by the lack of definitions, by our failure to appreciate the nature of these entities, by our inability to pin down their properties. The author's approach is based on two key ideas: The first idea is to seek the geo-historical origins of time and space concepts. A thorough investigation of a diversified archaeological corpus, allows him to draft coherent definitions; it furthermore gives clues as to whether time and space were discovered or invented. The second idea is to define the units before trying to define space and time. The results presented here are unexpected: Time and space were not discovered in nature, but they were invented; time is not a phenomenon and space has no materiality; they are only concepts. This runs contrary to the opinion of most scientific and the philosophical authorities, although one would seek in vain for a theoretical validation of the conventional position. This book will provide much food for thought for philosophers and scientists, as well as interested general readers.
Download or read book Places of Invention written by Arthur P. Molella and published by Smithsonian Institution. This book was released on 2015-06-30 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The companion book to an upcoming museum exhibition of the same name, Places of Invention seeks to answer timely questions about the nature of invention and innovation: What is it about some places that sparks invention and innovation? Is it simply being at the right place at the right time, or is it more than that? How does “place”—whether physical, social, or cultural—support, constrain, and shape innovation? Why does invention flourish in one spot but struggle in another, even very similar location? In short: Why there? Why then? Places of Invention frames current and historic conversation on the relationship between place and creativity, citing extensive scholarship in the area and two decades of investigation and study from the National Museum of American History’s Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation. The book is built around six place case studies: Hartford, CT, late 1800s; Hollywood, CA, 1930s; Medical Alley, MN, 1950s; Bronx, NY,1970s; Silicon Valley, CA, 1970s–1980s; and Fort Collins, CO, 2010s. Interspersed with these case studies are dispatches from three “learning labs” detailing Smithsonian Affiliate museums’ work using Places of Invention as a model for documenting local invention and innovation. Written by exhibition curators, each part of the book focuses on the central thesis that invention is everywhere and fueled by unique combinations of creative people, ready resources, and inspiring surroundings. Like the locations it explores, Places of Invention shows how the history of invention can be a transformative lens for understanding local history and cultivating creativity on scales of place ranging from the personal to the national and beyond.
