Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability in Marine Invasion and Trophic Dynamics written by Katherine J Papacostas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Species interactions are central to the study of community ecology, but these interactions can change with context. For instance, predator-prey interactions can vary with species introductions, spatial scale and temporal scale, and we are still learning how such factors can influence the strength of these interactions. Studying species interactions via multifaceted approaches and at different scales aids in the understanding of local and large scale processes, and can lead to predictions of how our ecosystems will persist in the face of continued anthropogenic alteration of the globe. The present series of studies sought to explore spatial and temporal variability in marine predator-prey interactions and invasion dynamics. The first objective was to assess biogeographic variability in predator invasions in the field. The second examined spatial variation in niche breadth via field collections, laboratory dissections, and database development, and the third involved a series of laboratory and field experiments as well as population modeling to examine temporal variability in native and non-native behavioral interactions. Specifically for the first objective, I examined the strength of marine invasive species-induced trophic cascades across latitude, hypothesizing that a non-native tertiary consumer could facilitate non-native basal prey establishment through the consumption of a native secondary consumer. I further predicted that the ecological importance of this cascade may be reduced in the subtropics relative to the temperate zone due to stronger predation pressure at lower latitudes. I found evidence of a trophic cascade in both regions, but it was only maintained under ambient predation pressure in the temperate zone. My results also suggest that strong predation pressure on the non-native intermediate predators in the subtropics may explain the weakened cascade under ambient conditions. For the second objective, I tested the hypothesis of increased specialization at lower latitudes using Brachyuran crabs as a model system and diet as my measure for niche breadth, while controlling for range size, body size and evolutionary relatedness. I compiled a dataset on 39 crab species' diets from existing studies and conducted my own diet analyses on species collected in a temperate, subtropical and tropical region, resulting in a global comparison. I found that latitudinal position was correlated with range size for temperate species, but not for tropical species, and found no correlation between the other focal variables and latitude. These results suggest that ecological mechanisms (i.e. competition strength) may be driving patterns of niche breadth in the temperate zone, while evolutionary mechanisms may be more important in predicting niche breadth patterns in tropical systems. For the third objective, I examined the influence of native and non-native prey naïveté on intermediate predator invasion success. I hypothesized that 1) naïveté is greatest in earlier stages of invasion across all trophic levels, decreasing the longer a non-native species is established in a system, 2) Native prey naïveté results in resource effects which increases invasion success, or 3) predator effects on non-native species would outweigh the importance of basal native prey naïveté, preventing an increase in non-native population growth. Through laboratory trials, I found support for naïveté being stronger at earlier stages of invasion, for both native basal prey and non-native intermediate predators. I also found weak predation on the more recently established intermediate predator in the field. However, my population model predicted that growth independent of basal prey naïveté. These results suggest that physiological traits, such as conversion efficiency and growth rates of the invasive crab may be driving its population growth more-so than foraging benefits. My studies surrounding the variability of species interactions are the first to examine the strength of invasive species-induced trophic cascades across latitude, one of very few marine empirical studies to examine diet breadth at a large spatial scale, and the first to examine multi-trophic behavioral effects on invasion success respectively. They highlight the importance of studying multi-trophic interactions, as examining more pieces of the food web is increasingly important in developing a broader understanding of interactions and adaptations within invaded communities. My research also highlights the importance of studying interactions from a macroecological perspective. Tracking both invasions and native species interactions through space and time provides insight into marine community dynamics and may elucidate possible mechanisms of species coexistence.

Download or read book Food Webs written by John C. Moore and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents new approaches to studying food webs, using practical and policy examples to demonstrate the theory behind ecosystem management decisions.

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability in Aquatic terrestrial Trophic Linkages in a Subtropical Estuary written by Martha J. Zapata and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Orb-weaving spider density tracked emergent insects, with densities at mid-estuary reaches exceeding those of the upper- and lower-estuary, There was also a seasonal effect on orb-web density (LMM: F1,84.8 = 16.692, P

Download or read book Temporal Variability in Marine Ecosystems with Implications for Biological Monitoring written by Silvana Yanet Gonzalez and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine environments are changing, and further changes are expected in response to climate change, industry development (e.g. oil and gas explorations and marine renewable energy), pollution, and overfishing. There is an urgent need to understand effects of these stressors on marine ecosystems and to adopt effective management measures that minimize detrimental effects. Accomplishing this goal requires a comprehensive understanding of “natural” temporal patterns of biological components and underlying processes. High-latitude environments and marine renewable energy development sites have been particularly understudied due to sampling challenges (e.g. presence of sea ice, and high currents). This lack of baseline information required to measure biological responses to environmental change has increased the difficulty to document impacts in these areas and to predict effects of further changes in the ecosystems. Chapter 1 reviews temporal variability in marine ecosystems. Chapters 2 and 3 evaluate high resolution, stationary acoustic data from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory (CEO) and concurrent measurements from a large set of environmental sensors to characterize temporal variability in the abundance and behavior of fish and zooplankton in the Chukchi Sea. Chapter 4 quantifies the spatial area that is represented by acoustic point source measurements to define the spatial scope of CEO observations and to inform cost-effective monitoring design at high latitudes. Chapter 5 compares temporal variability in biological characteristics at sites selected for wave and tidal energy industry development to assess the potential for applying standard methods and analytic tools for biological monitoring. Chapter 6 provides a synthesis of results and implications for biological monitoring. This comprehensive characterization of fish and zooplankton dynamics in the Chukchi Sea and at sites selected for marine renewable energy development increases our ability to detect and predict biological responses to environmental change, ensure the collection of representative samples, and assist in the design of standard strategies for biological monitoring at a range of aquatic ecosystems.

Download or read book Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2012-03-06 with total page 4604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study of estuaries and coasts has seen enormous growth in recent years, since changes in these areas have a large effect on the food chain, as well as on the physics and chemistry of the ocean. As the coasts and river banks around the world become more densely populated, the pressure on these ecosystems intensifies, putting a new focus on environmental, socio-economic and policy issues. Written by a team of international expert scientists, under the guidance of Chief Editors Eric Wolanski and Donald McClusky, the Treatise on Estuarine and Coastal Science, Ten Volume Set examines topics in depth, and aims to provide a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Most up-to-date reference for system-based coastal and estuarine science and management, from the inland watershed to the ocean shelf Chief editors have assembled a world-class team of volume editors and contributing authors Approach focuses on the physical, biological, chemistry, ecosystem, human, ecological and economics processes, to show how to best use multidisciplinary science to ensure earth's sustainability Provides a comprehensive scientific resource for all professionals and students in the area of estuarine and coastal science Features up-to-date chapters covering a full range of topics

Download or read book Perspectives in Dynamical Systems II Numerical and Analytical Approaches written by Jan Awrejcewicz and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Complexity and Complex Ecological Systems written by Stanislaw Sieniutycz and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-03-22 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complexity and Complex Ecological Systems is an extension of Elsevier’s 2021 book Complexity and Complex Chemo-Electric Systems directed toward the analysis and synthesis of diverse ecological processes running in heterogeneous macrosystems. Contemporary advanced techniques such as averaged analysis, food webs approaches, and classical optimization results along with some numerical algorithms are commonly used in ecosystems. This book treats ecological systems as specific functional integrities. In Complexity and Complex Ecological Systems, one can observe how various types of ecological heterogeneities can contribute to flows of living and inanimate parts of the moving pseudo-continuum. This book is a valuable reference for scientists, engineers, and graduate students of environmental, chemical, and biological engineering, helping them better understand complex macroscopic systems and enhance their technical skills in theoretical and practical research. Covers the basic aspects of modeling, analysis, synthesis, and optimization of ecological systems Contains theory of selected ecosystems and explanations of how it can be used in applications Includes original drawings and drafts that illustrate the properties of diverse ecosystems Written by an expert in advanced methods of biophysics and macroscopic physics

Download or read book Spatial Temporal and Within species Variation in the Foraging Ecology of a Marine Predator Across a Dynamic Seascape written by David James Yurkowski and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book On the Spatial and Temporal Variability of Upwelling in the Southern Caribbean Sea and Its Influence on the Ecology of Phytoplankton and of the Spanish Sardine i ardinella Aurita i written by Digna Tibisay Rueda-Roa and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This secondary event is short-lived ([H stroke]5 weeks) and [H stroke]1.5°C warmer than the primary upwelling. Together, both upwelling events lead to about 8 months of cooler waters (26°C) and 8-9.5 months of high Chl (& ge;0.35 mg msup-3/sup, averaged from the coast to 100 km offshore) in the region. Satellite nearshore wind ([H stroke]25 km offshore) remained high in the eastern upwelling area ( 6 m s-1) and had a maximum in the western area ([H stroke]10 m s-1) producing high offshore ET during the mid-year upwelling (vertical transport of 2.4 - 3.8 m3 s-1 per meter of coastline, for the eastern and western areas, respectively). Total coastal upwelling transport was mainly caused by ET ([H stroke]90[percnt]). However, at a regional scale, there was intensification of the wind curl during June as well; as a result open-sea upwelling due to EP causes isopycnal shoaling of deeper waters enhancing the coastal upwelling. (B) The eastern and western upwelling areas had upwelling favorable winds all year round. Minimum / maximum offshore ET (from weekly climatologies) were 1.52 / 4.36 m3 s-1 per meter, for the western upwelling area; and 1.23 / 2.63 m3 s-1 per meter, for the eastern area. The eastern and western upwelling areas showed important variations in their upwelling dynamics. Annual averages in the eastern area showed moderate wind speeds (6.12 m s-1), shallow 22°C isotherm (85 m), cool SSTs (25.24°C), and phytoplankton biomass of 1.65 mg m-3. The western area has on average stronger wind speeds (8.23 m s-1) but a deeper 22°C isotherm (115 m), leading to slightly warmer SSTs (25.53°C) and slightly lower phytoplankton biomass (1.15 mg m-3). We hypothesize that the factors that most inhibits fish production in the western upwelling area are the high level of wind-induced turbulence and the strong offshore ET. (C) Hydroacoustics values of Sardinella aurita biomass (sAsardine) and the number of small pelagics schools collected in the eastern upwelling region off northeast Venezuela were compared with environmental variables (satellite products of SST, SST gradients, and Chl -for the last two cruises- ) and spatial variables (distance to upwelling foci and longitude-latitude). These data were examined using Generalized Additive Models. During the strongest upwelling season (February-March) sAsardine was widely distributed in the cooler, Chl rich upwelling plumes over the wide ([H stroke]70km) continental shelf. During the weakest upwelling season (September-October) sAsardine was collocated with the higher Chl (1-3 mg m-3) found within the first 10 km from the upwelling foci; this increases Spanish sardine availability (and possibly the catchability) for the artisanal fishery. These results imply that during prolonged periods of weak upwelling the environmentally stressed (due to food scarceness) Spanish sardine population would be closer to the coast and more available to the fishery, which could easily turn into overfishing. After two consecutive years of weak upwelling (2004-2005) Spanish sardine fishery crashed and as of 2011 has not recovered to previous yield; however during 2004 a historical capture peak occurred. We hypothesize that this Spanish sardine collapse was caused by a combination of sustained stressful environmental conditions and of overfishing, due to the increased catchability of the stock caused by aggregation of the fish in the cooler coastal upwelling cells during the anomalous warm upwelling season.

Download or read book Biological Invasions in Marine Ecosystems written by Gil Rilov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-11-12 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biological invasions are considered to be one of the greatest threats to the integrity of most ecosystems on earth. This volume explores the current state of marine bioinvasions, which have been growing at an exponential rate over recent decades. Focusing on the ecological aspects of biological invasions, it elucidates the different stages of an invasion process, starting with uptake and transport, through inoculation, establishment and finally integration into new ecosystems. Basic ecological concepts - all in the context of bioinvasions - are covered, such as propagule pressure, species interactions, phenotypic plasticity, and the importance of biodiversity. The authors approach bioinvasions as hazards to the integrity of natural communities, but also as a tool for better understanding fundamental ecological processes. Important aspects of managing marine bioinvasions are also discussed, as are many informative case studies from around the world.

Download or read book The Management of Natural Coastal Carbon Sinks written by Dan Laffoley and published by IUCN. This book was released on 2009 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Spatial and Temporal Heterogeneity on Fish Use and Trophic Structure in a Restored Tidal Marsh written by Daniel J. Larkin and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Theoretical Ecology written by Kevin S. McCann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-05-11 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theoretical Ecology: concepts and applications continues the authoritative and established sequence of theoretical ecology books initiated by Robert M. May which helped pave the way for ecology to become a more robust theoretical science, encouraging the modern biologist to better understand the mathematics behind their theories. This latest instalment builds on the legacy of its predecessors with a completely new set of contributions. Rather than placing emphasis on the historical ideas in theoretical ecology, the Editors have encouraged each contribution to: synthesize historical theoretical ideas within modern frameworks that have emerged in the last 10-20 years (e.g. bridging population interactions to whole food webs); describe novel theory that has emerged in the last 20 years from historical empirical areas (e.g. macro-ecology); and finally to cover the rapidly expanding area of theoretical ecological applications (e.g. disease theory and global change theory). The result is a forward-looking synthesis that will help guide the field through a further decade of discovery and development. It is written for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers seeking synthesis and the state of the art in growing areas of interest in theoretical ecology, genetics, evolutionary ecology, and mathematical biology.

Download or read book Spatial Temporal Ocean Variability on the Northwest Slope of Flemish Cap written by Chantelle Layton and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Flemish Cap is a region impacted by human activities ranging from offshore petroleum exploration to international fisheries. This is an area of complex bathymetry and ocean circulation that is also characterized by vulnerable marine ecosystems within the benthic zone. This is a region with few long-term moored measurements of ocean properties due to the risks associated with bottom-trawl fisheries. In an attempt to address the need for science-based advice in this area, three oceanographic moorings placed in the region of northwest Flemish Cap from July 2013 to July 2014 gave some of the first long-term moored measurements of velocity, temperature, and salinity. These time series measurements were supplemented with two hydrographic surveys, in which stations were aligned in the cross-isobath direction about each mooring. These data allowed for a summary of the spatial variability over 10 to 200km and temporal variability from an hour to a year. The spatial analysis of velocity along the northern Flemish Cap shows an easterly intensified flow that extends throughout the water column over the slope (~ 1200-2200 m). Spectral analysis of the moored velocity measurements revealed a prominent 3-week peak. This was laterally and vertically coherent, and the power increased towards the bottom. A dynamical analysis in terms of the dispersion relationship indicates that these signatures were consistent with baroclinic topographic Rossby waves.

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability in the Scotia and North Weddell Seas written by Dafydd Richard Hywel Thomas and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Spatial and Temporal Variability in Growth of Widow Rockfish Sebastes Entomelas written by Donald E. Pearson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 43 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Coastal Ecosystems in Transition written by Thomas C. Malone and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-01-13 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how two coastal ecosystems are responding to the pressures of human expansion The Northern Adriatic Sea, a continental shelf ecosystem in the Northeast Mediterranean Sea, and the Chesapeake Bay, a major estuary of the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States, are semi-enclosed, river-dominated ecosystems with urbanized watersheds that support extensive industrial agriculture. Coastal Ecosystems in Transition: A Comparative Analysis of the Northern Adriatic and Chesapeake Bay presents an update of a study published two decades ago. Revisiting these two ecosystems provides an opportunity to assess changing anthropogenic pressures in the context of global climate change. The new insights can be used to inform ecosystem-based approaches to sustainable development of coastal environments. Volume highlights include: Effects of nutrient enrichment and climate-driven changes on critical coastal habitats Patterns of stratification and circulation Food web dynamics from phytoplankton to fish Nutrient cycling, water quality, and harmful algal events Causes and consequences of interannual variability The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Read a review of this book in Marine Ecology review of this book