Download or read book Spatial Analysis of Bicycle Use and Accident Risks for Cyclists written by Grégory Vandenbulcke-Plasschaert and published by Presses univ. de Louvain. This book was released on 2011-11-20 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most developed countries nowadays face environmental, health and mobility problems as a consequence of widespread car use. Policies are now being reappraised in favour of more sustainable modes of transport. In particular, bicycle use holds the potential to provide a 'green' and healthy alternative to car commuting. There are however still important barriers that discourage people cycling... This thesis aims at identifying some of the main factors that influence cycle commuting and cycling accidents. Identifying such factors would in turn provide greater support to enable policy makers developing supportive environmental conditions for cycling. In the first part of this thesis, we examine which factors influence the spatial variation of bicycle use for commuting to work at the level of the municipalities in Belgium. Special attention is paid to bicycle-specific factors and spatial econometric methods are used to account for the presence of spatial effects in the data. The second part of this thesis examines which factors are associated with cycling accidents in Brussels. Spatial point pattern methods extended to networks are used to compare the 'locational tendencies' of cycling accidents officially registered by the police with those that are unregistered. An innovative case-control approach, based on a rigorous sampling design of controls and an exhaustive data collection of spatial factors, is also proposed to allow modelling the risk of cycling accident along the Brussels' road network. This thesis not only provides sound recommendations helping planners and policy makers to encourage bicycle use, but it also offers new research directions for pinpointing locations where accidents are more likely to occur.

Download or read book New Methods for Modeling and Integrating Bicycle Activity and Injury Risk in an Urban Road Network written by Jillian Strauss and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Despite the fact that the bicycle modal split is low, an increase in urban cycling activity has started to appear in many urban areas in Canada and the United States. However, as bicycle flows increase so do concerns for cyclist safety which have been pushed to the forefront. In this context, the need for new planning tools and data collection methods to investigate bicycle activity and safety have emerged in the field of transportation engineering. Studies focusing on investigating the link between cyclist safety, geometric design and built environment characteristics as well as traffic conditions are rare in the current literature. Even rarer are studies focused on investigating safety across different facilities, for the different road users who share these facilities and the factors affecting their injury occurrence. Tools to estimate bicycle volumes at the entire network level are missing. All previous safety studies have considered a sample of sites and have not been able to compute and map risk in the entire network of intersections and road segments. Dangerous decelerations as a surrogate safety measure for cyclists has yet to be investigated for the entire network. To date little is known about cyclist speeds and travel times along segments and delays through intersections at the disaggregate level for the entire network. In order to address these limitations, the general objective of this thesis is to propose new methods to model and estimate bicycle activity and injury risk at different spatial levels combining different sources of data. The proposed methods are then used to identify risk factors as well as to map risk indicators based on accidents and hard braking along corridors and at intersections in the entire network. More specifically, the objectives of this thesis are, to: 1) develop a Bayesian modeling framework to simultaneously model injury and activity outcomes for cyclists and study the role of geometric design and built environment characteristics on both outcomes, 2) carry out a comparative analysis between the injuries, levels of flow and risk for the three modes at signalized and non-signalized intersections and investigate the impact of vehicle traffic on the safety of non-motorized modes, 3) improve current methods for determining bicycle exposure measures by combining manual counts, automatic counts and GPS trip data to estimate and map bicycle flows, injuries and risk throughout the entire network of intersections and road segments, 4) develop a methodology to obtain deceleration rate for cyclists at intersections and segments using GPS data, explore the relationship between observed injuries and deceleration rate, and 5) develop a methodology to estimate cyclist speeds, travel times and delays in a road network using GPS data and identify the factors affecting cyclist speeds along segments. Among the contributions, this thesis proposed a modeling framework to simultaneously study cyclist injury occurrence and bicycle activity to overcome the issues of endogeneity. A similar methodology was then applied from a multimodal perspective, to study the activity and safety outcomes for cyclists, pedestrians and motor-vehicle occupants. This thesis expanded on the previous safety work by developing and applying a methodology to combine short and long-term count data with a new source of bicycle GPS data, from a Smartphone application, to compute and map average annual daily bicycle flows and cyclist risk of injury throughout the entire network of intersections and road segments. Using the smartphone GPS data, hard deceleration data was extracted and proposed as a surrogate safety measure and its correlation with accidents was evaluated. Finally, a methodology to compute speeds and delays was proposed. The results from this thesis were then combined into a routing concept capable of identifying the safety, shortest and fastest routes based on each cyclist's preferences." --

Download or read book Reasons why Bicycling and Walking are and are Not Being Used More Extensively as Travel Modes written by Stewart A. Goldsmith and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Spatial Analysis of Vehicle on bicycle Accidents in Broome County New York written by Thomas McElhenney and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cycling Futures written by Regine Gerike and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-03-09 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pointing the way to the future of research and development in relation to cycling as a mode of transport, this book investigates some of the significant recent developments in the technology, provision for, and take up of cycling in various parts of the world. Tensions at the heart of the nature of cycling remain: on the one hand cycling is frequently viewed as being a risky activity, while on the other hand it is seen as being a way of allowing populations to live healthier lives. Reviewing this dichotomy, the authors in this book consider the ways that cycling is planned and promoted. This is done partly in relation to these issues of risk and health, but also from the broader perspective of behavioural response to the changing nature of cycling. A section on methodologies is also included which outlines the current state-of-the art and points a way to future research.

Download or read book Bicycle and Pedestrian Data written by United States. Bureau of Transportation Statistics and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bicycle Crash Casualties in a Highly Motorized City written by Becky P.Y Loo and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The characteristics of bicycle crashes in cities where bicycles are a minor transport mode have received little attention in road safety research. However, the characteristics of these injury-inflicting bicycle crashes are expected to be very different from those happening in cities where cycling is generally considered as one of the major transport modes. Specifically, this study has the following three objectives: (1) to conduct the first scientific spatial analysis of bicycle crashes in Hong Kong; (2) to analyze the circumstances leading to bicycle crashes; and (3) to conduct an epidemiological study on injury patterns of cyclist casualties. Various spatial and statistical tools, including buffer analysis, chi-square tests, analysis-of-variance and binary logistic regression, are used to analyze the bicycle crashes in Hong Kong from 2005-2007. An important finding of this paper is that the bicycle safety problem has a clear spatial dimension. The crash circumstances in different parts of the city differed systematically. Furthermore, the findings suggest that initiatives to develop new cycle tracks and to encourage bicycles as a transport mode must be planned carefully with new infrastructure and policies to ensure the safety of cyclists.

Download or read book Advances in Road Safety Planning written by Krzysztof Goniewicz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-05-19 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bicycle and Pedestrian Data Sources Needs and Gaps written by W. Schwartz and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bicycle Travel Injury Risk and Conspicuity written by Sandar Tin Tin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background Regular cycling provides health, environmental and economic benefits but is rarely part of everyday travel for many people. The real and perceived risk of injury is commonly cited as a significant deterrent to engaging in such activity and is sometimes associated with the danger of motorised traffic. Bicycle-motor vehicle collisions often result from the driver's failure to detect the cyclist in time, suggesting that conspicuity may be a contributing factor. Conspicuity can be categorised into physical conspicuity and attention conspicuity. The former may be enhanced by using conspicuity aids whereas the latter may be improved through the safety in numbers effect. In New Zealand, one of the most car-dependent countries, bicycling is marginalised and receives relatively little attention in the transport and road safety research agenda. As a result, there is insufficient evidence regarding bicycle travel, injury risk and associated factors to guide education and policy. Aims: This thesis comprises three main components - bicycle travel, injury risk and conspicuity and aims: -- to investigate the prevalence of bicycle travel, particularly for a trip to work, and identify associated enablers and barriers; to estimate the exposure-based rate of bicycle crash injuries and identify associated risk and protective factors, and to assess the role of conspicuity in bicycle crashes involving a motor vehicle. Methods: This research was based on the Taupo Bicycle Study, a prospective cohort study involving 2628 adult cyclists (aged 16 years and over). The participants were recruited from the Lake Taupo Cycle Challenge (New Zealand's largest mass cycling event) in 2006 (N=2438) and in 2008 (N=190) using a web-based questionnaire. The questionnaire asked about demographic characteristics, general cycling activity and crash experience in the past twelve months and habitual use of injury preventive measures with options ranging from never to always. Bicycle crash outcome data were collected through linkage to insurance claims, hospital discharges, mortality records and police reports and covered the period between recruitment and 30 June 2011 (i.e., a median follow-up of 4.6 years). As only a small number of bicycle-motor vehicle crashes were identified in the linked data, another linkage was undertaken in 2013 and the longer-term outcome data covering the period till 30 April 2013 (a median follow up of 6.4 years) were used in the analysis addressing the third research question. For all longitudinal analyses, the study sample was restricted to 2590 cyclists who were resident in New Zealand at recruitment. Cox proportional hazards regression modelling for repeated events was performed using a counting process approach and factors influencing the likelihood of experiencing crash episodes were identified. The investigations of the Taupo Bicycle Study were supplemented with analyses of national data (aggregate or de-identified) obtained from Censuses, Household Travel Surveys, hospital discharge and mortality records, police reports, cycle counts and climate database. Results: Bicycle travel: Analysis of Census data from 1986 to 2006 showed a decline in the prevalence of cycling to work from 5.6% to 2.5%, respectively. About one-third of the Taupo Bicycle Study participants reported cycling to work at least once a week. The prevalence was lower in women, older age groups, non-Māori, less experienced cyclists and in the Auckland region. The participants of the Taupo Bicycle Study reported (in decreasing order of frequency) that more bicycle lanes, more bicycle paths, better bicycle security in public places, reduced vehicle speed and bike friendly public transport as important factors that would encourage them to cycle more often. They reported (in decreasing order of frequency) that access to shower facilities at work, the need to negotiate fewer difficult intersections, rising costs of petrol, fewer car parks, bikes designed to commute, and rising costs of car parking would be important incentives to cycling to work. They perceived that adverse weather and the danger of car-dominated transport environment including road safety, traffic en route, driver attitude and behaviour and breathing polluted air were the most important barriers to bicycle travel. Analysis of automatic cycle counts on Tamaki Drive in Auckland and weather data showed that selected weather variables such as gust speed, rain, temperature and sunshine duration accounted for 23% of the variance in hourly cycle volume and 56% of the variance in daily cycle volume. Injury risk: Analysis of hospital discharge, mortality and travel survey data revealed an increase in the number of on-road cycling injuries per million hours spent cycling from 21 injuries in 1996/99 to 31 injuries in 2003/07. The rate was higher than other types of road users except motorcyclists. During a median follow-up of 4.6 years, the participants of the Taupo Bicycle Study experienced 116 crashes that came to the attention of medical personnel or police per 1000 person-years, of which 66 occurred on the road and 10 involved a collision with a motor vehicle. This corresponds to 391 crashes per million hours spent cycling in general, and 240 crashes and 38 collisions per million hours spent cycling on the road. The crash risk was associated with age, body mass index, urban residence, region, cycling off-road, in the dark or in a bunch, type of bicycle used and prior crash history, with variations in effect estimates by crash type (on-road, off-road and collision crashes). In the Taupo Bicycle Study, participants who reported a history of bicycle crashes in the preceding year had a higher risk of involvement in future bicycle crashes (hazard ratio: 1.43; 95% CI: 1.28, 1.60). When this association was investigated using a propensity score stratification approach, it was significant only in the highest two quintiles of the propensity score where the likelihood of having experienced a crash was more than 33%. The association was also stronger for previous crashes that had received medical care compared to those that had not. In the Taupo Bicycle Study, participants usually residing in Auckland had a higher risk of on-road bicycle crashes (hazard ratio: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.22, 1.76) but had a similar risk of off-road bicycle crashes (hazard ratio: 0.96 (95% CI: 0.77, 1.21) compared to the participants from the other regions of New Zealand. In the mediation analysis, about 53% of the increased risk in Auckland was explained by differences in the participants' cycling patterns and urban residence. It is likely that the remaining risk differential is at least partly influenced by factors associated with Auckland's crowded, car-dominated transport environment. Conspicuity: Analysis of hospital discharge, mortality and travel survey data to explore the effect of attention conspicuity showed regional differences in the rate of on-road cycling injuries in relation to the level of car and bicycle use, supporting the safety in numbers (or risk in scarcity) effect. Analysis of the Taupo Bicycle Study data to investigate the effect of physical conspicuity found that the risk of bicycle crashes involving a motor vehicle was similar across different usage patterns of conspicuity aids. In subgroup analyses, the most conspicuous group had a higher risk in Auckland but a lower risk in other regions. Conclusions: In New Zealand, the prevalence of bicycle commuting is low and has been in decline between 1986 and 2006 (note that there are signs of recovery recently). The exposure-based rate of bicycle crash injuries is relatively high compared to other road user categories. Regional differences in travel patterns and injury risks suggest that the risk in scarcity effect exists for New Zealand cyclists. This may be attributed partly to the poor attention conspicuity of cyclists and partly to poor cycling infrastructure in the country's car-dominated traffic environment. Conspicuity aids used to enhance physical conspicuity may be ineffective in such situation. In the last two decades, New Zealand has been caught in a vicious circle - a lower proportion of cyclists on the road decreases their conspicuity and poses them a higher crash risk which in turn discourages bicycle use. Turning this vicious circle to a virtuous one requires cooperative and multidisplinary efforts to promote cyclists' safety and encourage cycling on New Zealand roads.

Download or read book The Relationship Between Separated Bicycle Lanes and Bicycle Crashes in Denver Colorado written by Wonsun Chang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 54 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cyclists feel more comfortable when they ride in a bike facility separated from traffic. Therefore, cyclists tend to prefer separated bicycle lanes over other lanes. It follows that cities are increasing the installation of separated bicycle lanes for bicycle utilization and bicycle safety. However, previous research has proven that separated bicycle lanes cause more crashes. Through empirical study, this paper examined the impact of both separated bicycle facilities and shared roads on bicycle crashes and which is safer or dangerous among methods of the separation. This study deals with bicycle accidents in Denver from 2013 to 2019. This research creates bicycle crash data by extracting only bicycles involved in the crash from the traffic accident dataset. And then, using the ArcGIS tool, the bicycle crash spatial is joined to each bicycle facility segment. Therefore, this study generated dataset of a bicycle crashes based on bike facilities. In the next step, a Poisson Rate Regression analysis was conducted in this study (run in SAS 9.4). The result is that a separated bike lane is estimated to increase the average number of crashes by 117% compared to a shared road. The second result showed that a cycle track facility is estimated to increase the average number of crashes 401% compared to a bike lane facility. In conclusion, a separated bicycle facility has more crashes than a shared road. Among separated bicycle facilities, a cycle track, where physically separated facilities were installed, was most likely to cause crashes.

Download or read book Bicycle Safety A Bibliography written by L. Flynn (comp) and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Urban Bikeway Design Guide Second Edition written by National Association of City Transportation Officials and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2014-03-24 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NACTO's Urban Bikeway Design Guide quickly emerged as the preeminent resource for designing safe, protected bikeways in cities across the United States. It has been completely re-designed with an even more accessible layout. The Guide offers updated graphic profiles for all of its bicycle facilities, a subsection on bicycle boulevard planning and design, and a survey of materials used for green color in bikeways. The Guide continues to build upon the fast-changing state of the practice at the local level. It responds to and accelerates innovative street design and practice around the nation.

Download or read book A Subject Bibliography from Highway Safety Literature written by United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 634 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Towards sustainable urban development Use of geographic big data for spatial planning written by Ying Jing and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Analysis of Bicycle Use and Accident Experience in the City of Carbondale Illinois written by Dan V. Shannon and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book World Report on Road Traffic Injury Prevention written by Marjorie Peden and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2008-09 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every day thousands of people are killed and injured on our roads. Millions of people each year will spend long weeks in the hospital after severe crashes and many will never be able to live, work or play as they used to do. Current efforts to address road safety are minimal in comparison to this growing human suffering. This report presents a comprehensive overview of what is known about the magnitude, risk factors and impact of road traffic injuries, and about ways to prevent and lessen the impact of road crashes. Over 100 experts, from all continents and different sectors -- including transport, engineering, health, police, education and civil society -- have worked to produce the report. Charts and tables.