Download or read book Soviet Deliberations During the Polish Crisis 1980 1981 written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soviet Deliberations During the Polish Crisis written by Mark Kramer and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Moscow And The Polish Crisis written by Sidney I. Ploss and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-06 with total page 161 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the Polish crisis of 1980-1981, the Western world was uncertain of the Soviet response to turmoil in Poland, and speculation about an invasion was rife. The timing of the Polish declaration of martial law came "without forewarning to the United States, according to then Secretary of State Alexander M. Haig, Jr. In retrospect, Dr. Ploss point
Download or read book Soviet and American Signalling in the Polish Crisis written by T. Cynkin and published by Springer. This book was released on 1988-06-18 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Solidarity to Martial Law written by Andrzej Paczkowski and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-10 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 95 documents on the events that represent a pivotal moment in modern Polish and world history: 16 months between August 1980 when the Solidarity trade union was founded and December 1981 when Polish authorities declared martial law and crushed the nationwide opposition movement that had grown up around the union. Transcripts of Soviet and Polish Politburo meetings give a detailed picture of the goals, motivations and deliberations of the leaders of these countries. Records of Warsaw Pact gatherings, notes of bilateral sessions of the communist camp provide additional pieces to the puzzle of what Moscow and its allies had in mind. Materials are included from Solidarity, too.
Download or read book US Intelligence and the Polish Crisis written by Douglas J. MacEachin and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book From Solidarity to Martial Law written by Andrzej Paczkowski and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 604 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents 95 documents on the months between Au. 1980 when Solidarity was founded and Dec. 1981 when Polish authorities declared martial law and crushed the opposition movement.
Download or read book U S Intelligence and the Confrontation in Poland 1980 1981 written by Douglas J. MacEachin and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2010-11-01 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the U.S. government's sophisticated intelligence capabilities, policy makers repeatedly seemed to be caught off guard when major crises took place during the Cold War. Were these surprises the result of inadequate information, or rather the use made of the information available? In seeking an answer to this question, former CIA analyst Douglas MacEachin carefully examines the crisis in Poland during 1980-81 to determine what information the U.S. government had about Soviet preparations for military intervention and the Polish regime's plans for martial law, and what prevented that information from being effectively employed Drawing on his experience in intelligence reporting at the time, as well as on recently declassified U.S. documents and materials from Soviet, Polish, and other Eastern European archives, MacEachin contrasts what was known then with what is known now, and seeks to explain why, despite the evidence available to them, U.S. policy makers did not take the threat of a crackdown seriously enough to prevent it. It was the mind-set of those who processed the information, not the lack or accuracy of information, that was the fundamental problem, MacEachin argues. By highlighting this cognitive obstacle, his analysis points the way toward developing practices to overcome it in the future.
Download or read book Empowering Revolution written by Gregory F. Domber and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the most populous country in Eastern Europe as well as the birthplace of the largest anticommunist dissident movement, Poland is crucial in understanding the end of the Cold War. During the 1980s, both the United States and the Soviet Union vied for influence over Poland's politically tumultuous steps toward democratic revolution. In this groundbreaking history, Gregory F. Domber examines American policy toward Poland and its promotion of moderate voices within the opposition, while simultaneously addressing the Soviet and European influences on Poland's revolution in 1989. With a cast including Reagan, Gorbachev, and Pope John Paul II, Domber charts American support of anticommunist opposition groups--particularly Solidarity, the underground movement led by future president Lech Wa&322;&281;sa--and highlights the transnational network of Polish emigres and trade unionists that kept the opposition alive. Utilizing archival research and interviews with Polish and American government officials and opposition leaders, Domber argues that the United States empowered a specific segment of the Polish opposition and illustrates how Soviet leaders unwittingly fostered radical, pro-democratic change through their policies. The result is fresh insight into the global impact of the Polish pro-democracy movement.
Download or read book A Cardboard Castle written by Vojtech Mastny and published by Central European University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-10 with total page 786 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to document, analyze, and interpret the history of the Warsaw Pact based on the archives of the alliance itself. As suggested by the title, the Soviet bloc military machine that held the West in awe for most of the Cold War does not appear from the inside as formidable as outsiders often believed, nor were its strengths and weaknesses the same at different times in its surprisingly long history, extending for almost half a century. The introductory study by Mastny assesses the controversial origins of the "superfluous" alliance, its subsequent search for a purpose, its crisis and consolidation despite congenital weaknesses, as well as its unexpected demise. Most of the 193 documents included in the book were top secret and have only recently been obtained from Eastern European archives by the PHP project. The majority of the documents were translated specifically for this volume and have never appeared in English before. The introductory remarks to individual documents by co-editor Byrne explain the particular significance of each item. A chronology of the main events in the history of the Warsaw Pact, a list of its leading officials, a selective multilingual bibliography, and an analytical index add to the importance of a publication that sets the new standard as a reference work on the subject and facilitate its use by both students and general readers.
Download or read book The Global Revolution written by Silvio Pons and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Global Revolution. A History of International Communism 1917-1991 establishes a relationship between the history of communism and the main processes of globalization in the past century. Drawing on a wealth of archival sources, Silvio Pons analyses the multifaceted and contradictory relationship between the Soviet Union and the international communist movement, to show how communism played a major part in the formation of our modern world. The volume presents the argument that during the age of wars from 1914 to 1945, the establishment of the Soviet state in Russia and the birth of the communist movement had an enormous impact because of their promise of world revolution and international civil war. Such perspective appeared even more plausible in the aftermath of the Second World War and of revolution in China, which paved the way for the expansion of communism in the post-colonial world. Communism challenged the West in the Cold War - by means of anti-capitalist modernization and anti-imperialist mobilization - showing itself to be a powerful factor in the politicization of global trends. However, the international legitimacy of communism declined rapidly in the post-war era. Soviet power exposed its inability to exercise hegemony, as distinct from domination. The consequences of Sovietization in Europe and the break between the Soviet Union and China were the primary reasons for the decline of communist influence and appeal. Since communism lost its political credibility and cultural cohesion, its global project had failed. The ground was prepared for the devastating impact of Western globalization on communist regimes in Europe and the Soviet Union.
Download or read book The Struggle for Europe written by William I. Hitchcock and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2008-11-26 with total page 562 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the ashes of World War II to the conflict over Iraq, William Hitchcock examines the miraculous transformation of Europe from a deeply fractured land to a continent striving for stability, tolerance, democracy, and prosperity. Exploring the role of Cold War politics in Europe’s peace settlement and the half century that followed, Hitchcock reveals how leaders such as Charles de Gaulle, Willy Brandt, and Margaret Thatcher balanced their nations’ interests against the demands of the reigning superpowers, leading to great strides in economic and political unity. He re-creates Europeans’ struggles with their troubling legacy of racial, ethnic, and national antagonism, and shows that while divisions persist, Europe stands on the threshold of changes that may profoundly shape the future of world affairs.
Download or read book The Solidarity Movement and Perspectives on the Last Decade of the Cold War written by Lee Trepanier and published by Krakowskie Towarzystwo Eduk. This book was released on 2010 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nic nie wpisano
Download or read book East Central Europe and Communism written by Sabrina P. Ramet and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-03-23 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The communists of East Central Europe came to power promising to bring about genuine equality, paying special attention to achieving gender equality, to build up industry and create prosperous societies, and to use music, art, and literature to promote socialist ideals. Instead, they never succeeded in filling more than a third of their legislatures with women and were unable to make significant headway against entrenched patriarchal views; they considered it necessary (with the sole exception of Albania) to rely heavily on credits to build up their economies, eventually driving them into bankruptcy; and the effort to instrumentalize the arts ran aground in most of the region already by 1956, and, in Yugoslavia, by 1949. Communism was all about planning, control, and politicization. Except for Yugoslavia after 1949, the communists sought to plan and control not only politics and the economy, but also the media and information, religious organizations, culture, and the promotion of women, which they understood in the first place as involving putting women to work. Inspired by the groundbreaking work of Robert K. Merton on functionalist theory, this book shows how communist policies were repeatedly undermined by unintended consequences and outright dysfunctions.
Download or read book A Companion to Europe Since 1945 written by Klaus Larres and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-01-28 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Companion to Europe Since 1945 provides a stimulating guide to numerous important developments which have influenced the political, economic, social, and cultural character of Europe during and since the Cold War. Includes 22 original essays by an international team of expert scholars Examines the social, intellectual, economic, cultural, and political changes that took place throughout Europe in the Cold War and Post Cold War periods Discusses a wide range of topics including the Single Market, European-American relations, family life and employment, globalization, consumption, political parties, European decolonization, European identity, security and defence policies, and Europe's fight against international terrorism Presents Europe in a broad geographical conception, to give equal weighting to developments in the Eastern and Western European states
Download or read book Fuel and Power written by Jeronim Perović and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-06-27 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a very timely study of Russia's development into a global energy power from the Russian Revolution to the present day. Beginning in the late nineteenth century, Russia emerged not only as a key producer but also as one of the world's leading exporters of oil. Russia's transformation into a modern global power was connected to its ability to make use of its vast natural resources and produce energy in increasing quantities. While the development of Russia's energy industry went hand in hand with a profound socio-political and economic transformation, the book also tells the story of international cooperation and competition, transnational exchanges, and transborder interdependencies. Through energy exports, Russia shaped global energy flows and connections; at the same time, the growth of international trade impacted the views and decisions of Russian leaders, affecting the fabric of the country's foreign relations and, ultimately, the course of Russian history.
Download or read book The Soviets Best Friend in Asia written by Sergey S. Radchenko and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
