Download or read book Southeast Asia 1969 1972 written by United States. Department of State and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2006 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the United States Government. This volume is part of a subseries of the Foreign Relations of the United States that documents the most issues in the foreign policy of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. The subseries presents in multiple volumes a comprehensive documentary record of major foreign policy decisions and actions of the administrations of Presidents Nixon and Ford. This specific volume documents U.S. policy towards three important countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia, 1969-1972, a period when the future of Southeast Asia was a major concern of American foreign policy makers. This is the last print volume to document U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia, other han those print volumes that document the Vietnam War during the Nixon-Ford administrations. For the January 1973 to January 1977 period, U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia (nations other than Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia is covered in an electronic-only volume. The decision to cover Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia for 1969-1975 in detail in this print volume was based on the fact that each country was a key ally - either formally or de facto - of the United States during the Vietnam war, and each played a specific role during the conflict. Thailand sent troops to fight in Vietnam, provided bases for U.S. airpower in Southeast Asia, and secretly provided training, troops, and arms to support U.S.-backed guerilla forces in Laos. The Philippines sent a 2,000-man civic action group to South Vietnam, and Filipinos made up many of the administrative contractors in South Vietnam. Indonesia provided key arms support to the Lon Nol government at a crucial time. In addition, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia were important countries in their own right, with key U.S. military and economic assistance programs, large embassies, and close relations with the United States. In each country, the United States had a considerable interest in their government''s success. The chapter on Thailand, the largest in the volume, has the most obvious and closest associations with the Vietnam War. A principal theme of this chapter is U.S. efforts to assure the Thais that unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops in South Vietnam and a projected settlement of the war did not mean a lesser U.S. commitment to Thailand. A second key theme of the volume is the covert military role that Thailand''s military forces played in supporting the anti-communist forces in Laos and the potential role they could play in supporting the Lon Nol government in Cambodia. The second largest chapter in this volume documents U.S. policy towards the Philippines. The relationship between President Ferdinand Marcos and the Nixon administration is the dominant theme of this chapter. U.S. officials had to assure Marcos that they were neutral in the 1969 Philippines presidential elections and discourage his desire for a special channel to Washington. Corruption in the Marcos government, Marcos''s desire to revise the constitution to his benefit, and his eventual declaration of martial law in September 1972 in the face of student riots caused U.S. officials in Manila and Washington to assess whether he was the best man to lead the Philippines from the U.S. point of view. Other themes that are documented in the chapter are the ones that predate the Vietnam War, such as preference for Philippines exports to the United States, U.S. benefits for Filipino veterans who served in the Second World War, and U.S. bases in the Philippines. The final chapter in the volume deals with Indonesia, officially a non-aligned nation, but under strongman General Suharto, a de factor ally of the United States. The principal themes of this chapter are the question of Indonesia''s international debt left over from the Sukarno years and U.S. support for multilateral Indonesian debt relief among international lending organizations. A related theme is the amount of U.S. bilateral aid provided to Indonesia.
Download or read book Foreign Relations of the United States 1969 1976 written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Covers Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia for 1969-1972.
Download or read book Foreign relations of the United States 1969 1976 V 20 Southeast Asia 1969 1972 written by and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on with total page 792 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the United States Government. This volume is part of a subseries of the Foreign Relations of the United States that documents the most issues in the foreign policy of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. The subseries presents in multiple volumes a comprehensive documentary record of major foreign policy decisions and actions of the administrations of Presidents Nixon and Ford. This specific volume documents U.S. policy towards three important countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia, 1969-1972, a period when the future of Southeast Asia was a major concern of American foreign policy makers. This is the last print volume to document U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia, other han those print volumes that document the Vietnam War during the Nixon-Ford administrations. For the January 1973 to January 1977 period, U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia (nations other than Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia is covered in an electronic-only volume. The decision to cover Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia for 1969-1975 in detail in this print volume was based on the fact that each country was a key ally - either formally or de facto - of the United States during the Vietnam war, and each played a specific role during the conflict. Thailand sent troops to fight in Vietnam, provided bases for U.S. airpower in Southeast Asia, and secretly provided training, troops, and arms to support U.S.-backed guerilla forces in Laos. The Philippines sent a 2,000-man civic action group to South Vietnam, and Filipinos made up many of the administrative contractors in South Vietnam. Indonesia provided key arms support to the Lon Nol government at a crucial time. In addition, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia were important countries in their own right, with key U.S. military and economic assistance programs, large embassies, and close relations with the United States. In each country, the United States had a considerable interest in their government''s success. The chapter on Thailand, the largest in the volume, has the most obvious and closest associations with the Vietnam War. A principal theme of this chapter is U.S. efforts to assure the Thais that unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops in South Vietnam and a projected settlement of the war did not mean a lesser U.S. commitment to Thailand. A second key theme of the volume is the covert military role that Thailand''s military forces played in supporting the anti-communist forces in Laos and the potential role they could play in supporting the Lon Nol government in Cambodia. The second largest chapter in this volume documents U.S. policy towards the Philippines. The relationship between President Ferdinand Marcos and the Nixon administration is the dominant theme of this chapter. U.S. officials had to assure Marcos that they were neutral in the 1969 Philippines presidential elections and discourage his desire for a special channel to Washington. Corruption in the Marcos government, Marcos''s desire to revise the constitution to his benefit, and his eventual declaration of martial law in September 1972 in the face of student riots caused U.S. officials in Manila and Washington to assess whether he was the best man to lead the Philippines from the U.S. point of view. Other themes that are documented in the chapter are the ones that predate the Vietnam War, such as preference for Philippines exports to the United States, U.S. benefits for Filipino veterans who served in the Second World War, and U.S. bases in the Philippines. The final chapter in the volume deals with Indonesia, officially a non-aligned nation, but under strongman General Suharto, a de factor ally of the United States. The principal themes of this chapter are the question of Indonesia''s international debt left over from the Sukarno years and U.S. support for multilateral Indonesian debt relief among international lending organizations. A related theme is the amount of U.S. bilateral aid provided to Indonesia.
Download or read book Foreign Relations of the United States 1969 1976 Southeast Asia 1969 1972 written by United States. Department of State and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Southeast Asia 1969 1972 written by United States. Department of State and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2006 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity of the United States Government. This volume is part of a subseries of the Foreign Relations of the United States that documents the most issues in the foreign policy of Presidents Richard M. Nixon and Gerald R. Ford. The subseries presents in multiple volumes a comprehensive documentary record of major foreign policy decisions and actions of the administrations of Presidents Nixon and Ford. This specific volume documents U.S. policy towards three important countries in Southeast Asia: Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia, 1969-1972, a period when the future of Southeast Asia was a major concern of American foreign policy makers. This is the last print volume to document U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia, other han those print volumes that document the Vietnam War during the Nixon-Ford administrations. For the January 1973 to January 1977 period, U.S. policy towards Southeast Asia (nations other than Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia is covered in an electronic-only volume. The decision to cover Thailand, the Philippines, and Indonesia for 1969-1975 in detail in this print volume was based on the fact that each country was a key ally - either formally or de facto - of the United States during the Vietnam war, and each played a specific role during the conflict. Thailand sent troops to fight in Vietnam, provided bases for U.S. airpower in Southeast Asia, and secretly provided training, troops, and arms to support U.S.-backed guerilla forces in Laos. The Philippines sent a 2,000-man civic action group to South Vietnam, and Filipinos made up many of the administrative contractors in South Vietnam. Indonesia provided key arms support to the Lon Nol government at a crucial time. In addition, Thailand, Philippines, and Indonesia were important countries in their own right, with key U.S. military and economic assistance programs, large embassies, and close relations with the United States. In each country, the United States had a considerable interest in their government''s success. The chapter on Thailand, the largest in the volume, has the most obvious and closest associations with the Vietnam War. A principal theme of this chapter is U.S. efforts to assure the Thais that unilateral withdrawal of U.S. troops in South Vietnam and a projected settlement of the war did not mean a lesser U.S. commitment to Thailand. A second key theme of the volume is the covert military role that Thailand''s military forces played in supporting the anti-communist forces in Laos and the potential role they could play in supporting the Lon Nol government in Cambodia. The second largest chapter in this volume documents U.S. policy towards the Philippines. The relationship between President Ferdinand Marcos and the Nixon administration is the dominant theme of this chapter. U.S. officials had to assure Marcos that they were neutral in the 1969 Philippines presidential elections and discourage his desire for a special channel to Washington. Corruption in the Marcos government, Marcos''s desire to revise the constitution to his benefit, and his eventual declaration of martial law in September 1972 in the face of student riots caused U.S. officials in Manila and Washington to assess whether he was the best man to lead the Philippines from the U.S. point of view. Other themes that are documented in the chapter are the ones that predate the Vietnam War, such as preference for Philippines exports to the United States, U.S. benefits for Filipino veterans who served in the Second World War, and U.S. bases in the Philippines. The final chapter in the volume deals with Indonesia, officially a non-aligned nation, but under strongman General Suharto, a de factor ally of the United States. The principal themes of this chapter are the question of Indonesia''s international debt left over from the Sukarno years and U.S. support for multilateral Indonesian debt relief among international lending organizations. A related theme is the amount of U.S. bilateral aid provided to Indonesia.
Download or read book Soviet American Relations written by Henry Kissinger and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2007 with total page 1106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Russian Federation, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, History and Records Department" -- p [vi].
Download or read book The Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation written by Ang Cheng Guan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A History of the Manila Pact and the Southeast Asia Treaty Organisation (SEATO) from its establishment in 1954 until its dissolution in 1977. The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) has received meagre scholarly attention in comparison to other key events and global developments during the duration of the Cold War, due to its perceived failure early in its existence. However, there has been a renewed interest in the academic study of the organization. Some scholars have argued that SEATO was not an outright failure. New literatures have also shed in detail the workings of SEATO, such as operational-level contingency plans and counter-insurgency plans. This book aims to reconstruct a comprehensive life cycle of SEATO using declassified archival documents which were unavailable to scholars studying the organization from the 1950s through the 1980s and provide a nuanced assessment of it. In addition, in recent years, there is also an emerging interest in the possibility of a multilateral military alliance in Asia, for instance the Quadrilateral Security Dialogue morphing into an "Asian NATO". As such, it is therefore crucial to study how previous multilateral alliances in the context of Asia were formed, how they functioned, and subsequently dissolved. A groundbreaking reference on a key element of the United States’ Cold War strategy in Asia, which will be a valuable resource to scholars of twentieth century diplomatic history.
Download or read book One Man Against the World written by Tim Weiner and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-06-16 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Draws on recently declassified documents to chronicle Nixon's presidency, presenting a portrait of a brilliant man overcome by his deep insecurities and his distrust of his cabinet, Congress, and the American people.
Download or read book Elusive Balances written by Prashanth Parameswaran and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-13 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book undertakes an in-depth examination of the dynamics of commitment in U.S.-Southeast Asia strategy. Drawing on cases including the U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam and Washington’s pivot to Asia amid China’s growing regional role, it constructs an original balance of commitment model to explain continuity and change in U.S.-Southeast Asia policy. Balance of commitment goes beyond balance of power approaches to explains how translating Southeast Asia’s importance in U.S. thinking into actual commitments has proven challenging for policymakers as it requires simultaneously calibrating adjustments to power shifts, threat perceptions and resource extraction. The book applies the balance of commitment approach to several practical case studies, based on hundreds of conversations with policymakers and experts in the United States and Southeast Asia, personal experiences across nearly two decades and primary and secondary source material across a half-century. The findings suggest that the challenges of U.S. commitment to the region are rooted not simply in differences between administrations or divergences in outlook between Washington and regional capitals, but tough balancing acts for U.S. policymakers in domestic politics and wider foreign policy. As such, shaping U.S. strategy in Southeast Asia and calibrating and sustaining commitment requires not just appreciating Southeast Asia’s significance, but committing to the region in ways that manage structural aspects of U.S. thinking, capabilities and resourcing.
Download or read book The Drama of Dictatorship written by Joseph Scalice and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2023-07-15 with total page 383 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Drama of Dictatorship uncovers the role played by rival Communist parties in the conflict that culminated in Ferdinand Marcos's declaration of martial law in 1972. Using the voluminous radical literature of the period, Joseph Scalice reveals how two parties, the PKP and the CPP, torn apart by the Sino-Soviet dispute, subordinated the explosive mass struggles of the time behind rival elite conspirators. The PKP backed Marcos and the CPP, his bourgeois opponents. The absence of an independent mass movement in defense of democracy made dictatorship possible. The Drama of Dictatorship argues that the martial law regime was not fundamentally the outcome of Marcos's personal quest to remain in power but rather a consensus of the country's ruling elite, confronted with mounting social unrest, that authoritarian forms of rule were necessary to preserve their property and privileges. The bourgeois opponents of Marcos did not defend democracy but, like Marcos, plotted against it.
Download or read book The United States and Southeast Asian Regionalism written by Sue Thompson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-08 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Nixon or Guam Doctrine of 1969 stressed the importance of progress towards regional cooperation and Asian collective security, indicating that Asian countries themselves should take the initiative in creating programs in which the United States could participate. This book analyses the development of United States regional cooperation policy on Southeast Asia and its importance to long-term planning for the region that had been the general aim of successive American post-war administrations. The author demonstrates the link between economic regional cooperation and collective security in Southeast Asia, placing regionalism in an international context by examining the influence United States policy and various important events had on the development of Southeast Asian regionalism. Through the analysis of primary material, including previously classified material, in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia and engagement with historiography of war and peace in Southeast Asia, the book puts forward the argument that Southeast Asian regional cooperation was influenced by both American and Asian policy and its development reflected the economic and political transformation of the post-war Southeast Asian landscape. It also examines the developments in British and Australian policy and how developments in Southeast Asia influenced and, in turn, were affected by the policies of the Western powers. Adding to the current discourse concerning the origins of Southeast Asian regionalism, this book will be of interest to academics in the field of Southeast Asian studies, United States political history, international relations and regionalism.
Download or read book To Hanoi And Back The United States Air Force And North Vietnam 1966 1973 Illustrated Edition written by Dr Wayne Thompson and published by Pickle Partners Publishing. This book was released on 2014-08-15 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Includes 3 maps and 40 photographs No experience etched itself more deeply into Air Force thinking than the air campaigns over North Vietnam. Two decades later in the deserts of Southwest Asia, American airmen were able to avoid the gradualism that cost so many lives and planes in the jungles of Southeast Asia. Readers should come away from this book with a sympathetic understanding of the men who bombed North Vietnam. Those airmen handled tough problems in ways that ultimately reshaped the Air Force into the effective instrument on display in the Gulf War. This book is a sequel to Jacob Van Staaveren’s Gradual Failure: The Air War over North Vietnam, 1965-1966, which we have also declassified and are publishing. Wayne Thompson tells how the Air Force used that failure to build a more capable service-a service which got a better opportunity to demonstrate the potential of air power in 1972. Dr. Thompson began to learn about his subject when he was an Army draftee assigned to an Air Force intelligence station in Taiwan during the Vietnam War. He took time out from writing To Hanoi and Back to serve in the Checkmate group that helped plan the Operation Desert Storm air campaign against Iraq. Later he visited Air Force pilots and commanders in Italy immediately after the Operation Deliberate Force air strikes in Bosnia. During Operation Allied Force over Serbia and its Kosovo province, he returned to Checkmate. Consequently, he is keenly aware of how much the Air Force has changed in some respects-how little in others. Although he pays ample attention to context, his book is about the Air Force. He has written a well-informed account that is both lively and thoughtful.
Download or read book The Political History of American Food Aid written by Barry Riley and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-08-25 with total page 593 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American food aid to foreigners long has been the most visible-and most popular-means of providing humanitarian aid to millions of hungry people confronted by war, terrorism and natural cataclysms and the resulting threat-often the reality-of famine and death. The book investigates the little-known, not-well-understood and often highly-contentious political processes which have converted American agricultural production into tools of U.S. government policy. In The Political History of American Food Aid, Barry Riley explores the influences of humanitarian, domestic agricultural policy, foreign policy, and national security goals that have created the uneasy relationship between benevolent instincts and the realpolitik of national interests. He traces how food aid has been used from the earliest days of the republic in widely differing circumstances: as a response to hunger, a weapon to confront the expansion of bolshevism after World War I and communism after World War II, a method for balancing disputes between Israel and Egypt, a channel for disposing of food surpluses, a signal of support to friendly governments, and a means for securing the votes of farming constituents or the political support of agriculture sector lobbyists, commodity traders, transporters and shippers. Riley's broad sweep provides a profound understanding of the complex factors influencing American food aid policy and a foundation for examining its historical relationship with relief, economic development, food security and its possible future in a world confronting the effects of global climate change.
Download or read book Area Handbook for the Khmer Republic Cambodia written by Donald P. Whitaker and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reagan s Gun Toting Nuns written by Theresa Keeley and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2020-09-15 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Reagan's Gun-Toting Nuns, Theresa Keeley analyzes the role of intra-Catholic conflict within the framework of U.S. foreign policy formulation and execution during the Reagan administration. She challenges the preponderance of scholarship on the administration that stresses the influence of evangelical Protestants on foreign policy toward Latin America. Especially in the case of U.S. engagement in El Salvador and Nicaragua, Keeley argues, the bitter debate between U.S. and Central American Catholics over the direction of the Catholic Church shaped President Reagan's foreign policy. The flash point for these intra-Catholic disputes was the December 1980 political murder of four American Catholic missionaries in El Salvador. Liberal Catholics described nuns and priests in Central America who worked to combat structural inequality as human rights advocates living out the Gospel's spirit. Conservative Catholics saw them as agents of class conflict who furthered the so-called Gospel according to Karl Marx. The debate was an old one among Catholics, but, as Reagan's Gun-Toting Nuns contends, it intensified as conservative, anticommunist Catholics played instrumental roles in crafting U.S. policy to fund the Salvadoran government and the Nicaraguan Contras. Reagan's Gun-Toting Nuns describes the religious actors as human rights advocates and, against prevailing understandings of the fundamentally secular activism related to human rights, highlights religion-inspired activism during the Cold War. In charting the rightward development of American Catholicism, Keeley provides a new chapter in the history of U.S. diplomacy and shows how domestic issues such as contraception and abortion joined with foreign policy matters to shift Catholic laity toward Republican principles at home and abroad.
Download or read book Hearing on Americans Missing Or Prisoner in Southeast Asia the Department of Defense Accounting Process written by United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee on POW/MIA Affairs and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 1392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Historical Dictionary of United States Southeast Asia Relations written by Donald E. Weatherbee and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2008-04-23 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Southeast Asia consists of the countries of Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Historically, U.S. policy and diplomacy with Southeast Asia is defined by U.S. interests in the region, whether it's maintaining free lanes of communication through the South China Sea, gaining access to the resources and markets of Southeast Asia, or containing the spread of Communism. Since World War II, the U.S. has constantly been involved in conflicts in the region: providing material and financial support for France during the First Indochina War, direct involvement in the Vietnam War, providing support to Thailand during the Third Indochina War, and the declaration that Southeast Asia is the second-front in the war on terror after September 11. The Historical Dictionary of United States-Southeast Asia Relations identifies the key issues, individuals, and events in the history of U.S.-Southeast Asia relations and places them in the context of the complex and dynamic regional strategic, political, and economic processes that have fashioned the American role in Southeast Asia. This is done through a chronology, a bibliography, an introductory essay, appendixes, and several hundred cross-referenced dictionary entries on key persons, places, events, institutions, and organizations.
