Download or read book Sourcing and Modulation of the Fate of Connective Tissue Progenitors written by Maha Ahmad Qadan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem and progenitor cells are a key component of regenerative medicine with the potential to fully heal damaged tissues and organs, offering ultimate solutions for people who live with long-suffering conditions; such as diabetes, heart failure, and degenerative nerve, bone, and joint pathologies, that today are beyond repair. All tissue formation, regeneration or repair requires a population of cells (i.e. stem cells or progenitor cells) that can be activated to proliferate and/or differentiate, generating progeny that will contribute to the formation of new tissue. Hierarchical populations of stem and progenitor cells have been defined, with varying degrees of precision, in many tissues. Understanding the kinetics of tissue remodeling and responses to disease is increasingly important for the development of therapies in settings where the stem/progenitor population has become deficient or dysfunctional. Understanding of these systems is also essential for the rational optimization of cell sourcing and processing strategies for cell therapy applications. Regeneration and repair of tissues depend on stem and progenitor cell populations that are resident in tissues. The choice of the source of cells for tissue engineering or cell therapy applications depends mainly on factors such as the ease of harvest, low morbidity, consistency (with respect to the yield and biological potential). Several cell populations from various tissues have been isolated and characterized. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs) have been considered as a source of multipotent cells and can be derived from various tissue sources. However, controversial findings, with respect to the best tissue source for isolation and utilization in regenerative applications, have been presented 9. Therefore, an alternative source of cell populations with better proliferation potential and defined marker profile represents a promising tool in clinical applications. Connective tissue progenitors (CTPs) represent a candidate cell source. These are heterogeneous stem and progenitor cell populations present in native tissue that are able to proliferate and differentiate in vitro into one or more connective tissue phenotypes. CTPs are essential to the formation and remodeling of connective tissue, and therefore a key target cell population and cell source for tissue engineering and cell-based therapies focused on tissue regeneration. CTPs are found in virtually every connective tissue (bone, cartilage, fat, blood). Several previous studies have described differences between tissue sources with respect to biological potential. Variation has been reported between patients, related to age, gender, surgical site, and harvesting techniques. The culture-expanded populations, derived from CTPs, demonstrate variations between tissues and among batches from the same tissue, as well as heterogeneity within an apparent clone. Adipose tissue and bone are the two most abundant sources of CTPs. However, the biological potential of these sources varies. The International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT) has defined standards based on a surface marker profile for classification of culture-expanded cells as mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). However, recent data demonstrate that expression of this MSC profile of markers is not predictive of biological behavior with respect to bone, cartilage and fat differentiation in vitro. Therefore, expressing typical MSC surface markers may not be sufficient to discriminate between critical attributes of biological potential. Other surface markers, which are more predictive of differences in biological potential need to be considered. A variety of other markers such as; pluripotency-associated markers, both transcription factors and surface markers, could serve as candidates for in depth investigation to reflect the biological potential of a given cell population. The response of CTPs in terms of proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival, depends on the number of progenitors present, the intrinsic state of the cells, their biological potential, and the microenvironment in the region of injury or disease. The response of progenitors within a given region of tissue and their fate may also be dependent on the presence or absence of other biological active cells that may secrete bioactive factors or matrix elements that impact on the microenvironment over time. CTPs from almost all sources are multipotent. This means that the progeny of a CTP may be modulated to express one or more of a variety of phenotypes in vitro or in vivo (e.g. bone, cartilage, fat or fibrous tissue). The fate of an individual CTP may be changed by the microenvironment created by the chemical composition (glucose, oxygen), soluble factors (growth factors, cytokines), other factors (microRNAs, microvesicles). Glucose concentration, as a clinically relevant factor, may determine the relative tendency of CTPs to choose an osteogenic fate (bone formation) versus an adipocytic fate (fat formation). Glucose concentration may have relevance to fracture repair as well as the maintenance of bone health (e.g. avoidance of osteoporosis). Diabetes has been associated with delayed fracture repair, accelerated age-related bone loss and increased risk of osteoporosis. The possible mechanisms of these changes have been extensively studied, but are not completely understood. Knowledge of the concentration and prevalence of CTPs in native tissues and variation in their biological properties and potential is an essential step in the rational selection of cell sources for tissue engineering applications, and the design of reproducible methods for fabrication of cell populations for cell therapies. Understanding the variation in the biological potential among CTPs with respect to sensitivity to glucose concentration and the effects of exposure to high glucose concentration on the fate of CTP progeny have important implications in understanding the potential interaction between glucose control in diabetes and the preservation of bone and bone marrow health as well as fracture healing potential.
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Muscle Regeneration written by Alexander Mauro and published by Raven Press (ID). This book was released on 1979 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bone Tissue Engineering written by Jeffrey O. Hollinger and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2004-10-14 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Focusing on bone biology, Bone Tissue Engineering integrates basic sciences with tissue engineering. It includes contributions from world-renowned researchers and clinicians who discuss key topics such as different models and approaches to bone tissue engineering, as well as exciting clinical applications for patients. Divided into four sections, t
Download or read book Translational Regenerative Medicine written by Anthony Atala and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-12-01 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Translational Regenerative Medicine is a reference book that outlines the life cycle for effective implementation of discoveries in the dynamic field of regenerative medicine. By addressing science, technology, development, regulatory, manufacturing, intellectual property, investment, financial, and clinical aspects of the field, this work takes a holistic look at the translation of science and disseminates knowledge for practical use of regenerative medicine tools, therapeutics, and diagnostics. Incorporating contributions from leaders in the fields of translational science across academia, industry, and government, this book establishes a more fluid transition for rapid translation of research to enhance human health and well-being. Provides formulaic coverage of the landscape, process development, manufacturing, challenges, evaluation, and regulatory aspects of the most promising regenerative medicine clinical applications Covers clinical aspects of regenerative medicine related to skin, cartilage, tendons, ligaments, joints, bone, fat, muscle, vascular system, hematopoietic /immune system, peripheral nerve, central nervous system, endocrine system, ophthalmic system, auditory system, oral system, respiratory system, cardiac system, renal system, hepatic system, gastrointestinal system, genitourinary system Identifies effective, proven tools and metrics to identify and pursue clinical and commercial regenerative medicine
Download or read book Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases written by Jaroslava Halper and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-11-22 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume represents a substantially revised and updated 2nd edition of a reference handbook on major structural components of soft connective tissues and a whole slew of heritable diseases of soft connective tissues. The number of clearly identifiable and distinct disorders has grown somewhat since the 1st edition in 2014, e.g., Ehlers-Danlos syndrome has now 13 entities. A brand new syndrome, Meester Loeys syndrome carrying the name of Bart Loeys was added as a companion to Loeys-Dietz syndrome. Numerous variations of cutis laxa and joint mobility disorders have been discovered taking advantage of recent advancements in genetic analysis. We have acquired better understanding of pathogenesis and biochemical changes in some other, more established entities, such as Marfan and collagen VI myopathies where better management and possible treatment are on the horizon. Even in the case of connective tissue diseases in domestic animals some progress has been made. All these updates were contributed by a group of distinguished and preeminent physicians and scientists, all of them not just working in the field but making new discoveries described by them. Readers will notice that seemingly there is an overlap among many of these disorders. And indeed, many of them, if not most are interconnected because of the prominent roles of TGFβ, of fibrillin microfibrils and collagen fibril assembly (and other molecules) playing in connective tissues physiology, and by extension in pathogenesis of many disorders described in the book. What I found particularly helpful that author(s) of each chapter bring their own perspective even when described closely related mechanism of the disease. These observations should help with diagnosis and management of such cases. The first chapters are more general, concentrating more on the physiology, structure and biochemistry of normal soft tissues. That should help in better understanding of the pathophysiology. Last but not least, the chapters are very readable, more like detective stories than dry description of genetic/biochemical defects. I do hope that basic scientists and clinicians with similar and diverse interests alike will appreciate this volume and will be inspired by it to develop their research in the field.
Download or read book Introduction to Epigenetics written by Renato Paro and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access textbook leads the reader from basic concepts of chromatin structure and function and RNA mechanisms to the understanding of epigenetics, imprinting, regeneration and reprogramming. The textbook treats epigenetic phenomena in animals, as well as plants. Written by four internationally known experts and senior lecturers in this field, it provides a valuable tool for Master- and PhD- students who need to comprehend the principles of epigenetics, or wish to gain a deeper knowledge in this field. After reading this book, the student will: Have an understanding of the basic toolbox of epigenetic regulation Know how genetic and epigenetic information layers are interconnected Be able to explain complex epigenetic phenomena by understanding the structures and principles of the underlying molecular mechanisms Understand how misregulated epigenetic mechanisms can lead to disease
Download or read book Stem Cells and Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine written by Marek J. Los and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-07 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stem Cells and Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine addresses the urgent need for a compact source of information on both the cellular and biomaterial aspects of regenerative medicine. By developing a mutual understanding between three separately functioning areas of science—medicine, the latest technology, and clinical economics—the volume encourages interdisciplinary relationships that will lead to solutions for the significant challenges faced by today's regenerative medicine. Users will find sections on the homeostatic balance created by apoptosis and proliferating tissue stem cells, the naturally regenerative capacities of various tissue types, the potential regenerative benefits of iPS-generation, various differentiation protocols, and more. Written in easily accessbile language, this volume is appropriate for any professional or medical staff looking to expand their knowledge with regard to stem cells and regenerative medicine. Arms readers with key information on tissue engineering, artificial organs and biomaterials, while using broadly accessible language Provides broad introduction to, and examples of, various types of stem cells, core concepts of regenerative medicine, biomaterials, nanotechnology and nanomaterials, somatic cell transdyferentiation, and more Edited and authored by researchers with expertise in regenerative medicine, (cancer) stem cells, biomaterials, genetics and nanomaterials
Download or read book Immunomodulatory Biomaterials written by Stephen F. Badylak and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biomaterials have existed for millennia as mechanical replacement structures following disease or injury. Biomaterial design has changed markedly from structural support with an “inert immune profile as the primary objective to designs that elicit an integrative local tissue response and a pro-repair immune cell phenotype. Immunomodulatory Biomaterials: Regulating the Immune Response with Biomaterials to Affect Clinical Outcome offers a single, comprehensive reference on biomaterials for modulation of the host response, for materials scientists, tissue engineers and those working in regenerative medicine. This book details methods, materials and strategies designed to regulate the host immune response following surgical implantation and thus facilitate specific local cell infiltration and tissue deposition. There has been a dramatic transformation in our understanding of the role of the immune system, both innate and adaptive; these changes include recognition of the plasticity of immune cells, especially macrophages, cross-talk between the immune system and stem cells, and the necessity for in situ transition between inflammatory and regulatory immune cell phenotypes. The exploitation of these findings and the design and manufacture of new biomaterials is occurring at an astounding pace. There is currently no book directed at the interdisciplinary principles guiding the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response. The challenge for academia, industry, and regulatory agencies to encourage innovation while assuring safety and maximizing efficacy has never been greater. Given the highly interdisciplinary requirements for the design, manufacture and use of immunomodulatory biomaterials, this book will prove a useful single resource across disciplines. Holistically covers the design, manufacture, testing, and clinical translation of biomaterials that proactively regulate the host tissue immune response Provides a single reference for understanding and utilizing the host response in biomaterials design An international collaboration of leading researchers in the field offering a novel insight into this fast-growing area
Download or read book Kidney Transplantation Bioengineering and Regeneration written by Giuseppe Orlando and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-06-08 with total page 1253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kidney Transplantation, Bioengineering, and Regeneration: Kidney Transplantation in the Regenerative Medicine Era investigates how the field of regenerative medicine is changing the traditional premises of solid organ transplantation, specifically within the field of kidney transplantation. In Section 1, chapters illustrate the state of the art in kidney transplantation as well as the research behind the bioengineering and regeneration of kidney organoids for therapeutic renal replacement. In Section II, chapters catalog the technologies that are being developed and the methods that are being implemented to bioengineer or regenerate kidneys in order to restore function, while critically highlighting those technological advances which hold the most promise. The book thus encompasses clinical renal transplantation, tissue engineering, biomaterial sciences, stem cell biology, and developmental biology, as they are all applied to the kidney. Focuses on the synergy between renal organ transplantation and regenerative medicine, highlighting the advances within transplantation, bioengineering, regeneration, and repair Educates the transplant community on important regenerative medicine research pertinent to kidney transplantation Develops a shared language for clinicians, surgeons, and basic researchers to reach across the fields of transplantation and regenerative medicine, and facilitate more productive investigation and research Catalogs the technologies being developed and methods being implemented to bioengineer or regenerate kidneys to restore function
Download or read book The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells 2 Volume Set written by Kerry Atkinson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-01-17 with total page 1080 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells comprehensively describes the cellular and molecular biology of mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stromal cells, describing their therapeutic potential in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models. Chapters also discuss the current status of the use of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues. Provides coverage on both the biology of mesenchymal stem cells and stromal cells, and their therapeutic applications Describes the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in a wide variety of preclinical models of human diseases and their mechanism of action in these preclinical models Discusses the current status of mesenchymal stem and stromal cells in clinical trials in a wide range of human diseases and disorders, for many of which there are limited, or no other, therapeutic avenues Written and edited by leaders in the field The Biology and Therapeutic Application of Mesenchymal Cells is an invaluable resource for those studying stem cells, cell biology, genetics, gene or cell therapy, or regenerative medicine.
Download or read book Stem Cells Heterogeneity Novel Concepts written by Alexander Birbrair and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-23 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents a comprehensive discussion on the novel concepts in stem cell heterogeneity, from pluripotent stem cells to human mesenchymal stem cells, adult and cancer stem cells of the thyroid, sarcoma, and more. Thus, Stem Cell Heterogeneity - Novel Concepts starts from a timely update on the current information on stem cells heterogeneity in various tissues and discusses new concepts and future directions. It also provides a solid foundation of the history of stem cells from specific tissues and the current applications of this knowledge in regenerative medicine. When taken as a whole, alongside its companion volumes Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Different Organs, and Stem Cells Heterogeneity in Cancer, these three books present a comprehensive reference on stem cell heterogeneity in various tissues and current and future applications for regenerative medicine. It is essential reading for advanced cell biology students as well as researchers in stem cells and clinicians.
Download or read book Physiology and Physiopathology of Adipose Tissue written by Jean-Philippe Bastard and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-11-28 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The scientific advances in the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue over the last two decades have been considerable. Today, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of adipogenesis are well known. In addition, adipose tissue is now recognized as a real endocrine organ that produces hormones such as the leptin acting to regulate food intake and energy balance in the central nervous system, a finding that has completely revolutionized the paradigm of energy homeostasis. Other adipokines have now been described and these molecules are taking on increasing importance in physiology and pathophysiology. Moreover, numerous works have shown that in obesity, but also in cases of lipodystophy, adipose tissue was the site of a local low-grade inflammation that involves immune cells such as macrophages and certain populations of lymphocytes. This new information is an important step in the pathophysiology of both obesity and related metabolic and cardiovascular complications. Finally, it is a unique and original work focusing on adipose tissue, covering biology and pathology by investigating aspects of molecular and cellular biology, general, metabolic, genetic and genomic biochemistry.
Download or read book Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy written by Lucas G. Chase and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-12 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, significant efforts have been made to develop stem cell-based therapies for difficult to treat diseases. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, also referred to as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), appear to hold great promise in regards to a regenerative cell-based therapy for the treatment of these diseases. Currently, more than 200 clinical trials are underway worldwide exploring the use of MSCs for the treatment of a wide range of disorders including bone, cartilage and tendon damage, myocardial infarction, graft-versus-host disease, Crohn’s disease, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, critical limb ischemia and many others. MSCs were first identified by Friendenstein and colleagues as an adherent stromal cell population within the bone marrow with the ability to form clonogenic colonies in vitro. In regards to the basic biology associated with MSCs, there has been tremendous progress towards understanding this cell population’s phenotype and function from a range of tissue sources. Despite enormous progress and an overall increased understanding of MSCs at the molecular and cellular level, several critical questions remain to be answered in regards to the use of these cells in therapeutic applications. Clinically, both autologous and allogenic approaches for the transplantation of MSCs are being explored. Several of the processing steps needed for the clinical application of MSCs, including isolation from various tissues, scalable in vitro expansion, cell banking, dose preparation, quality control parameters, delivery methods and numerous others are being extensively studied. Despite a significant number of ongoing clinical trials, none of the current therapeutic approaches have, at this point, become a standard of care treatment. Although exceptionally promising, the clinical translation of MSC-based therapies is still a work in progress. The extensive number of ongoing clinical trials is expected to provide a clearer path forward for the realization and implementation of MSCs in regenerative medicine. Towards this end, reviews of current clinical trial results and discussions of relevant topics association with the clinical application of MSCs are compiled in this book from some of the leading researchers in this exciting and rapidly advancing field. Although not absolutely all-inclusive, we hope the chapters within this book can promote and enable a better understanding of the translation of MSCs from bench-to-bedside and inspire researchers to further explore this promising and quickly evolving field.
Download or read book Lower Extremity Joint Preservation written by Mats Brittberg and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-12-19 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and discusses the available joint preservation techniques for maintaining the stability homeostasis of the lower extremity joints – specifically the hip, knee, and ankle – following injury. Readers will find detailed coverage of anatomy, pathology, techniques for repair, restoration, and regeneration, and rehabilitation strategies. Joint preservation is an emerging field in Orthopaedics that represents a response to the limitations of joint replacement technology. Using the techniques now available, surgeons can try to prevent or delay the onset of osteoarthritis or other degenerative conditions affecting the joints, particularly in young patients. Furthermore, modern tissue engineering offers the potential for whole-joint resurfacing, thereby achieving complete restoration. Optimal implementation of these techniques depends upon further refinement of methods and continuing improvements in knowledge of biomechanics, biology, and anatomy. Against this background, the present book is an ideal guide to the latest treatment modalities that will appeal to all who wish to learn more about indications, goals, procedures, and expected outcomes.
Download or read book Interface Oral Health Science 2016 written by Keiichi Sasaki and published by . This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume broadens understanding of dentistry and promotes interdisciplinary research across a wide range of related fields, based on the symposium entitled "Innovative Research for Biosis-Abiosis Intelligent Interface 2016". It aims to create highly functional and autonomic intelligent interface by combining highly functional interface science with the technology of an evaluation and a control at the interface, with the various topics of biomaterials, innovation for oral science and application, regenerative oral science, and medical engineering. Since 2002, the Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry has hosted "Interface Oral Health Science" several times as the main theme of dental research in the twenty-first century, and this is the sixth proceedings of the symposiums following the ones in 2005, 2007, 2009, 2011, and 2014.This book benefits not only dental scientists but also other health scientists including medical physicians and pharmacologists, material scientists, engineers, and any scientist who is involved in variety of disciplines. This work was published by Saint Philip Street Press pursuant to a Creative Commons license permitting commercial use. All rights not granted by the work's license are retained by the author or authors.
Download or read book Stem cells in Tissue Homeostasis and Disease written by Yan-Ru Lou and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-03-29 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
