Download or read book Source Apportionment of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in New Jersey Air and Delaware River Sediments written by Pornsawai Praipipat and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are chlorinated organic compounds that are classified as toxic, bioaccumulative, and persistent in the environment. Although the commercial production and use of PCBs was banned in the late 1970s, PCBs are ubiquitous in the environment as they cycle through air, water, soil, and sediment at levels that often exceed applicable environmental standards. The purpose of this dissertation was to identify PCB sources to the sediments of the Delaware River and the air of the New Jersey/Delaware River basin region. This was accomplished in part by analyzed existing data sets via a source apportionment tool called positive matrix factorization (PMF). In Delaware River sediment (Chapter 2), PMF resolved seven factors. Three were unweathered Aroclors, two were non-Aroclor sources related to pigment use and production, and the remaining two were probably originally related to Aroclors but were highly weathered. PMF was also applied to data from the Delaware Atmospheric Deposition Network (DADN) collected in Camden (1999-2011) and New Brunswick (1997-2011) (Chapter 3). PMF resolved four factors at each site. The factors that dominate PCB burden in the atmosphere at both sites resemble unaltered Aroclor 1242 and vaporized Aroclor 1248. During 2004-2011, only one of the eight factors was declining. All others were unchanged or increasing. This suggests natural attenuation alone will not control atmospheric PCB concentrations, and additional efforts are needed to control PCB emissions. Moreover, the Total Maximum Daily Loads promulgated for PCBs in the tidal Delaware River are not achievable in the foreseeable future due to continuing atmospheric deposition. In Chapter 4, PCBs 4 and PCB 11 were measured by reanalyzing the original gas-phase DADN samples from Camden, New Brunswick, and Lums Pond. To ensure that these dichlorobiphenyl congeners can be accurately quantified in these samples, a careful study of the breakthrough of PCBs when using polyurethane foam (PUF) as a sorbent for high-volume air sampling was performed. Gas-phase concentrations of PCB 11 ranged from non-detect to 146 pg m-3 and did not display a strong urban to rural gradient. PCB 4 concentrations ranged from 0.18 to 168 pg m-3 and were highest at Camden.
Download or read book Interactions of Polychlorinated Biphenyls with the Air Water and Sediments of the Delaware River Estuary written by Amy Ann Rowe and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 152 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sediment concentrations of PCBs were measured in the Estuary in order to understand PCB behavior over time from the sediment history, as well as to examine present-day PCB trends in surficial sediments. Peak SigmaPCB concentrations ranged between 250 and 2410 ng/g dry wt. and concentrations generally declined with proximity to the surface. The SigmaPCB concentrations found in the sediments of the Delaware are comparable in magnitude to those seen in Chesapeake Bay and showed declining trends similar to those found in the Great Lakes.
Download or read book Trends in Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish Tissue from Selected Sites in the Delaware River Basin in New Jersey New York and Pennsylvania 1969 98 written by Karen Riva-Murray and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fate and Transport of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in the Air Water and Sewers of the Delaware River Basin written by Jia Guo and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Passive air samplers were deployed at 45 sites across the Delaware River Basin to evaluate the spatial distribution of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This study revealed strong spatial gradients in [Sigma]PCB concentrations, a significant urban fractionation effect, and a distinct congener pattern arising from the area around Swarthmore, PA. Five factors were resolved by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis with three of them being interpreted as volatilized or weathered Aroclors. The other two factors were strongly correlated to the congener profiles observed at the Swarthmore site on a building roof and an urban site near rail yards, respectively. These findings suggest that volatilization of Aroclors from building materials and spray on rail yards could represent significant sources of ambient atmospheric PCB concentrations. In the passive air sampling, the concentrations of a non-Aroclor congener, PCB 11, were detected with small spatial variation in the airshed of the Delaware River Basin. PCB 11 was measured from non-detect to 79 ng g-1 in consumer products containing pigments and dyes. The leaching potential of PCB 11 from these materials was confirmed by experimental tests. The inputs of PCB 11 to the Delaware River Basin were estimated between 0.025 and 42 kg y-1, while the outflows were between 8.4 and 260 kg y-1. These mass flows indicate that PCB 11 is present in pigments at levels close to or even exceeding the federal limits and/or that the degradation of these pigments releases PCB 11 into the basin. Reductive dechlorination of PCBs was investigated in anaerobic microcosms of sewer sediments amended with Aroclor 1260 under methanogenic conditions. Spatial heterogeneity of the sediments resulted in differences in the extent of dechlorination activity. The most active microcosm showed dechlorination evidence after 35 days of incubation with significant accumulation of documented dechlorination products and molar dechlorination product ratio (MDPR). Total chlorines per biphenyl decreased by up to 10% with short or no lag time. This suggests that rapid dechlorination is at least possible to account for the dechlorination products comprising 10~30% of the total PCBs, which were found in many of the sewer systems in the Delaware River Basin.
Download or read book Biophysico Chemical Processes of Anthropogenic Organic Compounds in Environmental Systems written by Baoshan Xing and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-05-16 with total page 922 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In contrast to the classical books which largely focus on separate, individual physicochemical and biological aspects, this book aims to integrate the frontiers of knowledge on the fundamentals and the impact of physicochemical and biological interactions and processes of AOCs in soil, sediment, water and air. The specific objectives of this book are to address: (1) fundamental biophysico-chemical processes of AOCs in the environment, (2) occurrence and distribution of AOCs in air, water, and soil, and their global cycling, (3) the state-of-the-art analytical techniques of AOCs, and (4) restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs. The book also identifies the gaps in knowledge on the subject matter and as such provides future directions to stimulate scientific research to advance the chemical science on biophysico-chemical interfacial reactions in natural habitats. By virtue of complex nature of the interactions of AOCs with different environmental components and matrixes, no single available technique and instrument is satisfactory yet for determining their fate, transport, availability, and risk in the environment. In order to fully understand the biophysico-chemical interactions and processes of AOCs in the environment, it is critical to know chemical, physical and biological properties of AOCs and their analytical techniques. The book is unique because of its multidisciplinary approach as it provides a comprehensive and integrated coverage of biophysico-chemical reactions and processes of AOCs in various environments, associated analytical techniques, and restoration of natural environments contaminated by AOCs.
Download or read book Study of the Loadings of Polychlorinated Biphenyls from Tributaries and Point Sources Discharging to the Tidal Delaware River written by Estuary Toxics Management Program and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trends in Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Fish Tissue from Selected Sites in the Delaware River Basin in New Jersey New York and Pennsylvania 1969 98 written by Karen Riva-Murray and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Total Maximum Daily Loads for Polychlorinated Biphenyls PCBs for Zones 2 5 of the Tidal Delaware River written by Delaware River Basin Commission and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Livestock and the Environment written by Ralph H. Ramsey and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 372 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Research Reporting Series written by and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 540 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 542 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Pollution Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 844 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indexes material from conference proceedings and hard-to-find documents, in addition to journal articles. Over 1,000 journals are indexed and literature published from 1981 to the present is covered. Topics in pollution and its management are extensively covered from the standpoints of atmosphere, emissions, mathematical models, effects on people and animals, and environmental action. Major areas of coverage include: air pollution, marine pollution, freshwater pollution, sewage and wastewater treatment, waste management, land pollution, toxicology and health, noise, and radiation.
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 960 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book EPA Publications Bibliography 1984 1990 Indexes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 2130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways written by Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1997-04-20 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contaminated marine sediments threaten ecosystems, marine resources, and human health. They can have major economic impacts when controversies over risks and costs of sediment management interfere with needs to dredge major ports. Contaminated Sediments in Ports and Waterways examines management and technology issues and provides guidance that will help officials make timely decisions and use technologies effectively. The book includes recommendations with a view toward improving decision making, developing cost-effective technologies, and promoting the successful completion of cleanup projects. The volume assesses the state of practice and research and development status of both short-term and longer-term remediation methods. The committee provides a conceptual overview for risk-based contaminated sediment management that can be used to develop plans that address complex technological, political, and legal issues and the interests of various stakeholders. The book emphasizes the need for proper assessment of conditions at sediment sites and adequate control of contamination sources.
Download or read book Indexes written by United States. Environmental Protection Agency and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 1760 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
