Download or read book Sound Speed Structure of the Western South Atlantic Ocean written by Don F. Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The sound speed structure of the western South Atlantic Ocean is far more variable than that found in the North Atlantic or North Indian Oceans, largely due to hemispheric position and a wide variety of surface, near-surface, intermediate depth, and near-bottom water masses. In the South Atlantic, summer is defined as January-March and winter as July-September. The wide variety of temperature and salinity variability throughout the western South Atlantic leads to entirely differently shaped sound speed profiles and entirely different values of the depth of the deep sound channel axis and critical depth. These differences undoubtedly have significant effects on acoustic propagation. This report examines western South Atlantic sound speed variability along three cross-sections for both summer and winter, relates variability in sound speed structures to surface currents, the Antarctic Intermediate Water, Mediterrannean Intermediate Water, and Antarctic Bottom Water core flows west of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and defines the number of observations deeper than the depth of the deep sound channel axis during both summer and winter for the entire South Atlantic Ocean between the Equator and 45 S latitude. (Author).

Download or read book The Sound Velocity Structure of the North Atlantic Ocean written by Don F. Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 89 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All available sound velocity data in the North Atlantic Ocean between 15 degrees and 65 degrees N. latitude and east of 65 degrees W. longitude (excluding the Labrador Sea) have been analyzed in terms of the seasonal areal extent and average axial depth of the upper sound channel, the annual areal extent and average depth of the subsurface sound velocity maximum, and the annual average depth of the deep sound channel axis. The vertical extent of these and other sound velocity structures are shown on nine north-south and nine east-west sound velocity cross-sections that extend to a maximum depth of 5000 meters. These cross sections include four winter/summer pairs along the same meridian and three winter/summer pairs along the same parallel. In addition, sound velocity/temperature-salinity comparisons for winter and summer are given for 50 locations throughout the North Atlantic Ocean. (Author).

Download or read book Sound speed Distribution in the Western Indian Ocean written by J. G. Colborn and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Initial results of a continuing study to analyze and summarize the acoustically significant characteristics of the vertical sound-speed structure in the Indian Ocean are presented for purposes of acoustic model inputs and future exercise planning in the region. Data displays cover the western Indian Ocean west of 75 degrees E and north of 20 degrees S. Hydrocast data with computed sound speeds at standard depths provide the basic information to define areas of the Indian Ocean that are reasonably homogeneous with regard to sound-speed properties and can be summarized by a single profile for each season. Seasonal data presentations of bottom conjugate depth (the shallow conjugate of the bottom sound speed) and depth excess (water depth below the deep conjugate of the near-surface sound-speed maximum) indicate the primarily bottom-limited situation in the western Indian Ocean and identify the restricted areas of the Somali Basin with convergence-zone propagation potential. The upper-layer characteristics of layer depth, in-layer gradient, and below-layer gradient are displayed seasonally in contour format based on sound-speed-converted BT and XBT temperature data. Emphasis is placed on the significant effects of the seasonal monsoons, and in particular the strong SW Monsoon, on the near-surface structure. Results based on the two data sources are presented separately and some comparisons are made.

Download or read book Sound Speed Structure of the Northeast Atlantic Ocean in Summer 1973 During the SQUARE DEAL Exercise written by and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report contains an interpretation of oceanographic (sound velocity, temperature, and salinity), meteorological, and bathymetric data collected during summer 1973 in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean as part of the SQUARE DEAL Exercise.

Download or read book Technical Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on with total page 912 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Sound Velocity Structure of the North Atlantic Ocean written by Don F. Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book SOFAR Channel Axial Sound Speed and Depth in the Atlantic Ocean written by John Northrop and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Axial sound speed and depths of the SOFAR channels in the North and South Atlantic have been estimated and the seasonal variations that affect SOFAR propagation examined. The estimates are derived from applying averaging techniques to archived oceanographic data. The computed values appear to agree within one part in a 1000 with the measured data from long-range propagation experiments. A more accurate sound speed mapping method is recommended, as is the incorporation of measured values of speed and depth in any SOFAR computer program. (Author).

Download or read book The Sound Velocity Structure of the North Indian Ocean written by Don F. Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1972 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Precision Sound Velocity Profiles in the Ocean Volume Iii 31 Hours in the Tongue of the Ocean Sound Speed Temperature Etc march 1965 written by Ants T. Piip and published by . This book was released on 1967 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The report covers a 31-hour anchor station in the Tongue of the Ocean, in extremely calm weather. 34 consecutive, detailed, high-precision profiles and their 10, 20 and 31-hour envelopes are presented for both sound speed and temperature, from the sea surface to the bottom; and the graphs showing the gradual changes of constant sound speed and isotherm depths. The sound speed and temperature structure is found to be relatively stable, as in the open ocean. Small, rapid variations abound in the thermocline region; a slight slow rise in deep isotherms occurs, but no tidal effects can be seen. The ship's motions at anchor are described: a composite of diurnal east-west and semidiurnal north-south oscillations. Results of a derivation of salinity from sound speed - temperature - depth data are shown to be in good agreement with published data. (Author).

Download or read book Sound Speed Structure of the Southwest Pacific Ocean Volume I written by R. N. Denham and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Upper and Deep Sound Channel in the Northeast Atlantic written by Don F. Fenner and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of extensive historical sound velocity profile data east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge between 20 degrees N latitude and Iceland indicates that warm, saline Mediterranean Intermediate Water and the effects of annual heating and cooling are responsible for marked departures from the basic trilinear vertical sound velocity structure found in most open ocean areas. South of about 43 degrees N latitude, Mediterranean Intermediate Water between 1000 and 1300 meters causes the formation of a subsurface sound velocity maximum, thereby creating an upper sound channel and a depressed deep sound channel. North of about 50 degrees N latitude, winter cooling causes the formation of a subsurface sound velocity maximum and summer warming results in the formation of a somewhat shoaler upper sound channel. Temperature-salinity and sound velocity comparisons for 12 selected locations throughout the Northeast Atlantic Ocean are presented in the appendix. (Author).

Download or read book Absolute Flow in the Western South Atlantic Ocean written by Christina S. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-05-22 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the 119 species of marine mammals, as well as for some other aquatic animals, sound is the primary means of learning about the environment and of communicating, navigating, and foraging. The possibility that human-generated noise could harm marine mammals or significantly interfere with their normal activities is an issue of increasing concern. Noise and its potential impacts have been regulated since the passage of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972. Public awareness of the issue escalated in 1990s when researchers began using high-intensity sound to measure ocean climate changes. More recently, the stranding of beaked whales in proximity to Navy sonar use has again put the issue in the spotlight. Ocean Noise and Marine Mammals reviews sources of noise in the ocean environment, what is known of the responses of marine mammals to acoustic disturbance, and what models exist for describing ocean noise and marine mammal responses. Recommendations are made for future data gathering efforts, studies of marine mammal behavior and physiology, and modeling efforts necessary to determine what the long- and short-term impacts of ocean noise on marine mammals.

Download or read book Coastal Acoustic Tomography written by Arata Kaneko and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2020-02-05 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coastal Acoustic Tomography begins with the specifics required for designing a Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT) experiment and operating the CAT system in coastal seas. Following sections discuss the procedure for data analyses and various application examples of CAT to coastal/shallow seas (obtained in various locations). These sections are broken down into four kinds of methods: horizontal-slice inversion, vertical-slice inversion, modal expansion method and data assimilation. This book emphasizes how dynamic phenomena occurring in coastal/shallow seas can be analyzed using the standard method of inversion and data assimilation. The book is relevant for physical oceanographers, ocean environmentalists and ocean dynamists, focusing on the event being observed rather than the intrinsic details of observational processes. Application examples of successful dynamic phenomena measured by coastal acoustic tomography are also included. Provides the information needed for researchers and graduate students in physical oceanography, ocean-fluid dynamics and ocean environments to apply Ocean Acoustic Tomography (OAT) to their own fields Presents the benefits of using acoustic tomography, including less disturbance to aquatic environments vs. other monitoring methods Includes the assimilation of CAT data into a coastal sea circulation model, a powerful tool to predict coastal-sea environmental changes

Download or read book Velocity of Sound in Sea Water written by Nicholas Hunter Heck and published by . This book was released on 1924 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Springer Handbook of Acoustics written by Thomas Rossing and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-21 with total page 1179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an unparalleled modern handbook reflecting the richly interdisciplinary nature of acoustics edited by an acknowledged master in the field. The handbook reviews the most important areas of the subject, with emphasis on current research. The authors of the various chapters are all experts in their fields. Each chapter is richly illustrated with figures and tables. The latest research and applications are incorporated throughout, including computer recognition and synthesis of speech, physiological acoustics, diagnostic imaging and therapeutic applications and acoustical oceanography. An accompanying CD-ROM contains audio and video files.

Download or read book Acoustically Mapping the Ocean written by Kathy Gunn and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: