Download or read book Soot Production in a Tubular Gas Turbine Combustor written by Qing-ping Zeng and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soot Production in a Tubular Gas Turbine Combustor written by and published by . This book was released on 1901 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot production in gas turbine combustors is not desirable since it is the major source of exhaust smoke emission and its thermal radiation to the combustor liner deteriorates the liner durability. Soot formation involves comparatively slow chemistry and equilibrium can not be applied to soot modelling in the combustor flow field. . The exact sooting process in the combustor is poorly understood given both the complexity and the limited experimental data available. The work reported in this thesis seeks to first develop in-situ techniques for retrieving spatially-resolved soot properties, mainly soot particle volume fraction, from within the combustor and also to apply the measured results to comparisons with predicted soot concentrations. Two probing methods have been demonstrated which also incorporate a laser absorption technique. The sight probe proves to be more reliable in the present measurements. The evaluation of the physical probing techniques in sooty laboratory flames reveals that the flame structure will not be substantially distorted by the probe. The disturbance caused by the probe is localised, a feature which is evident in the reported water flow visualization test. The necessary inert gas purge can be minimised to reduce the local aerodynamic perturbation. The measured soot volume fraction distributions are comparable with sooting levels reported in flame studies in the literature. The peak soot volume fractions are located off-axis, characteristic of the fuel atornization. The measurementsin the primary zone are restricted by the multi-phase character of the flow, where soot absorption can not be readily discriminated from fuel droplet scattering. Measurements are reported over a range of air-fuel ratios, inlet pressures and temperatures. Time-averageds calard istributionsa t the nominald ilution sectionh ave beeno btained in addition to the soot measuremenut sing probe sampling and standard gas analysis. Correlationso f carbond ioxide with mixtur.

Download or read book An Investigation Into the Soot Production Processes in a Gas Turbine Engine written by A. L. Lohman and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis details an investigation into the nature of soot production in a gas turbine combustor. The goal was to obtain axial temperature profiles and soot size distributions inside an Allison T63-A-5A combustor. The present temperature probe and gas sampling apparatus were able to acquire data. Results from these initial tests suggested some preliminary conclusions. First of all, flatter temperature profiles were possibly indicative of fuels with lower aromatic content. Also, soot size along the centerline of the combustor did not appear to change appreciably. Soot itself seemed to be composed of 0.1 micron spherical particles prone to agglomeration. Relatively large, puff-like structures observed on sample collection filters were apparently artifacts of the sampling technique. Several methods of improving the apparatus were suggested. Keywords include: Soot production processes and Gas turbine engine.

Download or read book Fundamentals of Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental facility for studying soot formation in high temperature, fuel-rich, laminar, premixed flames has been constructed. Diagnostics included laser absorption, thermocouple particle densitometry, and thermophoretic soot sampling with analysis by transmission electron microscopy. Single particles with diameters as small as 3-5 nanometers were observed. Larger particles (20-25 nanometers) agglomerated to form large clusters. A coflow, axisymmetric, laminar ethylene diffusion flame has been studied, both experimentally and computationally. A lifted flame has been selected to eliminate possible uncertainties caused by the burner lip. A two-dimensional, detailed soot growth model in which the equations for particle production are coupled to the flow and gaseous species conservation equations has been used to investigate soot production in the flame. Detailed transport and finite rate chemistry in the gas phase was coupled with the particle aerosol equations in the sectional representation. In comparison to measured data obtained using intrusive and non- intrusive diagnostics, the model predicted temperature, flame height, and major species very well. Peak benzene concentrations and soot volume fraction were predicted to within 20% of the experimental value. The predicted distribution of benzene was excellent, but the soot was underpredicted along the centerline. This deficit was attributed to limitations in the PAH growth model. Oxidation of particulates was dominated by reactions with hydroxyl radical at superequilibrium levels. Radiation losses significantly effected predicted temperatures.

Download or read book Correlation of Soot Formation in Turbojet Engines and in Laboratory Flames written by Robert K. Gould and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Data obtained from aviation gas turbine combustor tests have been examined to determine the effects of fuel properties on soot-related measurements such as engine smoke number, combustor flame radiation, and/or combustor linear temperature. Some tests of smaller laboratory combustors used to simulate these large combustors were also examined. From the existing data it is clear that soot production is a strong function of the fuel chemical composition. Variations in the physical properties of the fuel do not correlate well with soot-related effects. In studies in which a broad range of fuel properties was examined, correlation of soot-related effects with basic fuel compositional parameters including (1) the hydrogen content of the fuel, (2) the aromatic content of the fuel, and (3) the amount of multiple-ring aromatics in the fuel show that typically only the first of these correlates well. However, it has also been shown that fuel compositions can be chosen for which this correlating parameter fails.

Download or read book Latent Variable Analysis of Mixing and Soot Production in Gas Turbine Combustors written by David Salvador-Jasin and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects of Gas Turbine Combustion on Soot Deposition written by D. J. White and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of premixing the reaction air and fuel of a gas turbine combustor on soot formation were investigated. Other parameters such as pressure, temperature and reaction zone fuel-air ratio were also evaluated. Soot formation was found to be dominated by fuel-air premixing and could be suppressed readily through a partial premix process. (Author).

Download or read book Soot Loading in a Generic Gas Turbine Combustor written by W. A. Eckerle and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by Thomas A. III. Grafton and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the changes in soot mean diameter across the combustor and exhaust nozzle of a T63 gas turbine engine, and across an exhaust augmentor tube. D32 within the combustor varied between 0.16 and 0.25 microns, depending upon fuel composition. Data correlation was most successful in this location using an index of refraction of 1.95 -0.66i with sigma = 1.5. In the aft can location (ahead of the exhaust nozzle) D32 was between 0.35 and 0.45 microns, depending upon the fuel-air ratio. Increasing fuel-air ratios decreased D32, also in agreement with the results presented in reference 1. Using NAPC 9 high aromatic fuel, D32 increased across the exhaust nozzle (0.35 to 1.2 microns) and across the augmentor tube (1.2 to 1.5 = 1.9 microns). Malvern data were in good agreement with the results obtained using larger scattering angles. Keywords: Optical sizing of soot; Gas turbine combustors; Exhaust augmentor tubes. (JES).

Download or read book Soot and Radiation in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by A. H. Lefebvre and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 135 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effects of pressure, inlet air temperature, and fuel type on the soot threshold or critical equivalence ratio, are presented. Higher pressures yield lower soot thresholds, while no dependence on fuel type, as described by either the fuel hydrogen-to-carbon ratio, fuel molecular weight, number of carbon atoms, or number of carbon-carbon bonds, is observed. Variations in inlet air temperature have a complex effect; however, the results clearly show that the experimentally measured flame temperature is central to a description of the incipient soot formation process. The critical equivalence ratio dependence on pressure and temperature is shown to agree with a two-step semi-global model for soot precursor evolution for pressures form 0.1 to 0.8 MPa, and measured flame temperatures between 1600 and 2400K. The effects of equivalence ratio, pressure, and fuel chemistry on total non-luminous flame radiation were also studied. Radiant intensity was highest for an equivalence ratio of unity and increased linearly with pressure from 0.4 to 0.8 MPa. Keywords: Incipient soot formation, Flame radiation and emissivity, Premixed flames, Pressure dependence.

Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by J. S. Bennett and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 85 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the effects of smoke-suppressant fuel additives, fuel composition and combustor operating environment on the soot characteristics within the combustor and across an engine exhaust augmentor tube. A T63 combustor was used with fuel additive pumps and an exhaust augmentor tube. Soot mean diameters and concentrations were measured at two locations within the combustor and at the exhaust of the augmentor tube using three-wavelength light transmission and multiple-angle forward scattering measurements and collection probes. Fuel and air flow rates were varied and combustor inlet air temperature was varied using a hydrogen-fueled vitiated air heater. Combustor flow conditions were found to significantly change soot characteristics as well as the effects of smoke-suppressant fuel additives. D32(volume-to-surface mean diameter) varied between 0.10 and 0.30 microns within the combustor. D32 increased significantly across the engine augmentor tube, to sizes as large as 0.43 microns.

Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to investigate the effects of smoke-suppressant fuel additives, fuel composition and combustor operating environment on the soot characteristics within the combustor and across an engine exhaust augmentor tube. A T63 combustor was used with fuel additive pumps and an exhaust augmentor tube. Soot mean diameters and concentrations were measured at two locations within the combustor and at the exhaust of the augmentor tube using three-wavelength light transmission and multiple-angle forward scattering measurements and collection probes. Fuel and air flow rates were varied and combustor inlet air temperature was varied using a hydrogen-fueled vitiated air heater. Combustor flow conditions were found to significantly change soot characteristics as well as the effects of smoke-suppressant fuel additives. D32(volume-to-surface mean diameter) varied between 0.10 and 0.30 microns within the combustor. D32 increased significantly across the engine augmentor tube, to sizes as large as 0.43 microns.

Download or read book Fuel Molecular Structure and Flame Temperature Effects on Soot Formation in Gas Turbine Combustors written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Measurements of Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by Mark F. Young and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the changes in soot mean diameter across the combustor and exhaust nozzle of a T63 gas turbine engine, and across an exhaust augmentor tube. D32 within the combustor varied between 0.16 and 0.25 microns, depending upon fuel composition. Data correlation was most successful in this location using an index of refraction of 1.95 -0.66i with sigma = 1.5. In the aft can location (ahead of the exhaust nozzle) D32 was between 0.35 and 0.45 microns, depending upon the fuel-air ratio. Increasing fuel-air ratios decreased D32, also in agreement with the results presented in reference 1. Using NAPC 9 high aromatic fuel, D32 increased across the exhaust nozzle (0.35 to 1.2 microns) and across the augmentor tube (1.2 to 1.5 = 1.9 microns). Malvern data were in good agreement with the results obtained using larger scattering angles. Keywords: Optical sizing of soot; Gas turbine combustors; Exhaust augmentor tubes. (JES).

Download or read book Gas Turbine Combustor Soot and Radiation Studies written by Jim Alan Clark and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book An Experimental Investigation of Soot Behavior in a Gas Turbine Combustor written by Andrew Clarence Krug and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A full scale gas turbine combustor test facility was designed, constructed, and initially operated to determine the performance of a gas turbine combustor and the associated combustion diagnostic apparatus. The test cell was put through an initial series of four tests. The combustor was operated at 75% of normal operating conditions. A water-cooled extractive probe sampling system was used to obtain a particulate sample and an optical system was used to measure the transmissivity inside the combustor and at the exhaust. The opacity of the exhaust gases was also monitored. The initial test series verified the adequacy of the test cell control apparatus as well as the extractive probe sampling system. The optical technique employed appeared to be adequate for the purpose of determining the mean particle diameter but lacked sensitivity for use at the engine exhaust. Recommendations were made for facility and equipment improvements. (Author).

Download or read book Measurements of Gas Turbine Combustor and Engine Augmentor Tube Sooting Characteristics written by Thomas A. III. Grafton and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the changes in soot mean diameter across the combustor and exhaust nozzle of a T63 gas turbine engine, and across an exhaust augmentor tube. D32 within the combustor varied between 0.16 and 0.25 microns, depending upon fuel composition. Data correlation was most successful in this location using an index of refraction of 1.95 -0.66i with sigma = 1.5. In the aft can location (ahead of the exhaust nozzle) D32 was between 0.35 and 0.45 microns, depending upon the fuel-air ratio. Increasing fuel-air ratios decreased D32, also in agreement with the results presented in reference 1. Using NAPC 9 high aromatic fuel, D32 increased across the exhaust nozzle (0.35 to 1.2 microns) and across the augmentor tube (1.2 to 1.5 = 1.9 microns). Malvern data were in good agreement with the results obtained using larger scattering angles. Keywords: Optical sizing of soot; Gas turbine combustors; Exhaust augmentor tubes. (JES).