Download or read book Soot Formation in Co flow and Counterflow Laminar Diffusion Flames of Fuel Mixtures written by Ahmet Emre Karatas and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the formation process of soot in the flames of even-carbon-numbered fuels, acetylene and its derivatives are suspected to be dominant. The addition of an odd-carbon-numbered fuel into these flames introduces methyl radicals and/or C3 chemistries, which are believed to (de)activate certain chemical pathways towards the production of soot. The resultant soot formation rate of the mixture could be higher than the sum of the respective rates of the mixture components, i.e., synergistic effect.In this work, the mixtures of butane isomers, ethylene-butane isomers, and propane-butane isomers were studied on a co-flow and a counterflow burner. Chemical effects were isolated from those of thermal and dilution by mixing isomers and comparing the mixtures including one isomer to those including the counterpart. Line of sight attenuation (LOSA) and laser-light extinction techniques were used for measuring soot volume fraction. The results provide information on synergistic effects in soot formation for the fuels used.
Download or read book Soot Fformation in Co flow and Counterflow Laminar Diffusion Flames of Fuel Mixtures written by Ahmet Emre Karatas and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the formation process of soot in the flames of even-carbon-numbered fuels, acetylene and its derivatives are suspected to be dominant. The addition of an odd-carbon-numbered fuel into these flames introduces methyl radicals and/or C3 chemistries, which are believed to (de)activate certain chemical pathways towards the production of soot. The resultant soot formation rate of the mixture could be higher than the sum of the respective rates of the mixture components, i.e., synergistic eff ect. In this work, the mixtures of butane isomers, ethylene-butane isomers, and propane-butane isomers were studied on a co-flow and a counterflow burner. Chemical effects were isolated from those of thermal and dilution by mixing isomers and comparing the mixtures including one isomer to those including the counterpart. Line of sight attenuation (LOSA) and laser-light extinction techniques were used for measuring soot volume fraction. The results provide information on synergistic effects in soot formation for the fuels used.
Download or read book Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames of Gas Mixtures written by Margaret Kathleen Bohan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 150 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the factors that effect soot formation is essential to development of predictive models and the design of combustion processes that reduce the formation of particulates. Synergistic effects in flames of gas mixtures, increases in soot volume fraction that are higher than would be expected based on the soot volume fractions in the pure gas flames, have been observed in previous studies. The two isomers of butane were chosen to eliminate changes in flame carbon content, mass flow rate, and adiabatic flame temperature that are normally encountered when comparing flames of pure gases to flames of gas mixtures, and which also effect soot formation. A co-flow annular burner and a line-of-sight attenuation apparatus were used to produce radially-resolved soot volume fraction measurements. The experimental results give further insight into the sooting propensities of isobutane and n-butane, as well as their effect soot formation in ethylene and methane flames.
Download or read book A Fundamental Study of Soot Formation in Diffusion Flames written by Richard L. Axelbaum and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 510 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Hydrodynamic Effects on Soot Formation in Laminar Hydrocarbon fueled Diffusion Flames written by Guozheng Lin and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soot Formation in Combustion written by Henning Bockhorn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-08 with total page 595 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soot Formation in Combustion represents an up-to-date overview. The contributions trace back to the 1991 Heidelberg symposium entitled "Mechanism and Models of Soot Formation" and have all been reedited by Prof. Bockhorn in close contact with the original authors. The book gives an easy introduction to the field for newcomers, and provides detailed treatments for the specialists. The following list of contents illustrates the topics under review:
Download or read book Soot Formation in Ethane air Coflow Laminar Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures written by Paul Michael Mandatori and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ethane-air laminar coflow non-smoking diffusion flames have been studied at pressures up to 3.34 MPa to determine the effect of pressure on soot formation, flame temperatures and physical flame properties. The spectral soot emission (SSE) diagnostic was used to obtain spatially resolved (both radially and axially) soot volume fraction and soot temperature measurements at pressures of 0.20 to 3.34 MPa. In general, temperature profiles of a given height were found to decrease with increasing pressure. Pressure was found to enhance soot formation with decreased sensitivity as pressures were increased. A power law relation between maximum soot volume fraction and pressure was found to be fvmax & prop;P 2.39 for 0.20 & le; P & le; 1.52 MPa and fvmax & prop;P 1.10 for 1.52 & le; P & le; 3.34 MPa. The integrated line-of-sight soot volume fraction was found to vary as fvline, max & prop;P 2.32 for 0.20 & le; P & le; 0.51 MPa, fvline, max & prop;P 1.44 for 0.51 & le; P & le; 1.52 MPa and fvline, max & prop;P 0.95 for 1.52 & le; P & le; 3.34 MPa. The variation of maximum carbon conversion to soot, as a percentage of the fuel's carbon, was etas, max & prop; P2.23 for 0.20 & le; P & le; 1.13 MPa, etas, max & prop; P1.12 for 0.51 & le; P & le; 1.52 MPa and etas, max & prop; P0.41 for 1.52 & le; P & le; 3.34 MPa. The maximum value of carbon conversion was found to be eta s, max = 27.61% at P = 3.34 MPa.
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Soot Formation of Liquid Fuel Relevant Compounds written by Tongfeng Zhang and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present thesis, fundamental experimental and numerical studies are performed for the soot formation of liquid fuel relevant compounds. The thesis is composed of four research studies. The first develops an improved data analysis approach for the combined laser extinction and two-angle elastic light scattering diagnostics to relate the various measured optical cross sections to soot aggregate properties. Compared to previously reported studies, the proposed approach can be applied to a wider range of soot sources by removing the assumption made to scattering regime or moment ratio of aggregate size distribution. The second study investigates the effects of n-propylbenzene addition to n-dodecane on soot formation and aggregate structure in a laminar coflow diffusion flame using the combined laser extinction and two-angle elastic light scattering method. It is shown that the relative importance of soot inception and surface growth affected by n-propylbenzene addition is different along the flame wing and centerline, with the aromatic fuel chemistry effect being stronger along the centerline. The third study extends the investigation on the same issue using a numerical model. The simulation results show that mixing n-propylbenzene into the liquid fuel mixture accelerates soot inception, and increases soot surface growth per unit surface area by PAH addition, while soot surface growth per unit surface area by HACA is shown to decrease modestly with n-propylbenzene addition. The fourth and final study investigates the soot formation from jet fuel in a laminar coflow diffusion flame using both numerical and experimental methods. The results demonstrate the robustness of the soot model to changes of fuel and also show that the HyChem model (i.e., lumped fuel breakdown approach, Xu et al., 2017) can be used to predict soot formation from real jet fuel combustion in laminar coflow diffusion flames by adding a PAH growth scheme to the model.
Download or read book Conjugate Heat Transfer and Sooting Propensity of Ethanol for Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures written by Wasi Syed and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The effect of sooting propensity of various compositions of methane and ethanol fuel in laminar diffusion flames at elevated pressures was analyzed numerically. Simulations of laminar diffusion flames comprised of pressure conditions up to 20 atm and composition of ethanol and methane fuel ranging from pure methane to pure ethanol. For all fuel compositions evaluated, the total carbon mass flow rate was maintained at a constant value of 0.458 mg/s. Soot formation and soot yield were corroborated against measured data and demonstrated well agreement with trends for pressure and fuel composition. For elevated pressure, fuel compositions with higher ethanol content yield higher peak soot concentrations, however at lower pressures synergistic effects result to soot concentration decreasing with ethanol content for ethanol dominant fuel mixtures. Finally, the effect of conjugate heat transfer and modification in burner wall geometry were evaluated which exhibited improved trends and overall results.
Download or read book Soot Formation in Laminar Diffusion Flames written by eO L. Geulder and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Experimental and Numerical Studies for Soot Formation in Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames of Jet A 1 and Synthetic Jet Fuels written by Meghdad Saffaripour and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Doping and Fuel Chemistry on Soot Formation in Co flow Laminar Diffusion Flames at Elevated Pressures written by Silin Yang and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Effects of fuel doping and fuel chemistry on soot formation were studied in laminar diffusion flames at elevated pressures. Soot spectral emission is used to obtain radial temperature, soot volume fraction, and soot yield profiles. This thesis first investigated addition of 0%-40% ethanol in ethylene flames at 3-10 bar. 10% ethanol-doped flames didn't exhibit measurable soot synergy, whereas 20%-40% ethanol displayed lower soot yields. Secondly, 7.5% of benzene, cyclo-hexane and n-hexane was added into methane flames at 1.4-10 bar. Pressure dependence of sooting propensity is lowest for benzene. Thirdly, 3% of m-xylene and n-octane was mixed with methane at 1.4-10 bar. m-Xylene doped methane flames produced highest soot yields but lowest pressure dependency in soot yields. Results indicate that pressure dependence of highly sooting aromatics weakens compared to that of less sooting n-alkanes at high pressures.
Download or read book Soot Formation at High Pressures in Laminar Liquid and Gaseous Fuel Flames written by Adriana Elizabeth Daca and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Oxygen Enhanced Combustion written by Charles E. Baukal Jr. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2013-03-15 with total page 779 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Combustion technology has traditionally been dominated by air/fuel combustion. However, two developments have increased the significance of oxygen-enhanced combustion-new technologies that produce oxygen less expensively and the increased importance of environmental regulations. Advantages of oxygen-enhanced combustion include less pollutant emissi
Download or read book High pressure Soot Formation and Diffusion Flame Extinction Characteristics of Gaseous and Liquid Fuels written by Ahmet Emre Karatas and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Effects of Fuel Preheat on Soot Formation in 1 G and 0 G Laminar Diffusion Flames written by Bogdan Konsur and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Detailed Modeling of Soot Formation Oxidation in Laminar Coflow Diffusion Flames written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: PhD.
