Download or read book Some Effects of Planting Depths and of Herbicide Treatments on Morning Glory and Soybean Seedlings written by Helio Campos-Giral and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ivyleaf Morningglory Control in Soybeans with Serial Herbicide Applications written by Harold Ray Hurst and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effect of Depth of Planting of Soybeans and Leaching of Herbicides by Irrigation to Weed Control and Soybean Injury written by K. George Verghese and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Response of Annual Morningglory and Soybean to Various Levels of Herbicide Application written by David Adesoji Okeleye and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Effects of Postemergence Herbicide Treatments on Annual Morningglory Ipomoea Spp and Soybeans Glycine Max written by Michele Annette Barker and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 106 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Ivyleaf Morningglory Interference in Soybean Following Treatment with Soil applied Herbicides written by James Clifton Holloway and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Influence of Soil applied Herbicide and Pathogen Interaction on Upregulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance in Soybean written by Rhett Stolte and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Exposure of crop plants to stress or injury, such as soybean injury by PPO-inhibitor herbicide, may stimulate the upregulation of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) and reduce plant susceptibility to other stressors, such as disease-causing pathogens. Field and laboratory studies were initiated to evaluate the upregulation of SAR, examining the effects of PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatment on Sudden Death Syndrome incidence and severity in soybean and the relationship of disease incidence and severity related to stand count and yield with various population densities. A two-year field study was established in Shawneetown, IL to evaluate grain yield and disease potential of soybean cultivars which are either sensitive or tolerant to protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor herbicides, with seed either treated with insecticide, thiamethoxam and fungicides, fludioxonil and mefanoxam (Upshot) and biological fungicide Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747 (Avonni) (biological fungicide) or non-treated. The seeds were planted at six different seeding rates: 197,684; 247,105; 296,526; 345,947; 395,368; 444,789; with the controls planted at a density of 345,947 seeds ha−1 in a 2 × 2 × 7 factorial study design. Field experiments were planted on April 25, 2016 and May 6, 2017 in 76 cm, 4-row plots measuring 3m by 7m, and herbicide was applied to treated plots over the center 2 rows. Data collection included crop injury at 14, 28 and 56 days after treatment (DAT), stand count at 14 and 28 (DAT), plant height and node count at end-of-season (EOS), and disease incidence and severity ratings beginning at the onset of symptomology. Yield data was collected from the center two treated rows. All plots, except the non-treated controls, received an application of sulfentrazone + cloransulam-methyl (316 g ai ha−1). In 2016 the greatest crop injury, categorized by stunting, at 14 DAT occurred in the PPO-tolerant seed variety without a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment at 4.2% planted at 444,789 seeds/ha. At 28 DAT with means pooled over seed treatment and seed variety, we observed the 197,684 seeds/ha plots having greatest crop injury at 5.25%, and lastly at 56 DAT, the 197,684 and 247,105 seeds/ha plots containing untreated, PPO-sensitive seed were the most injured at 12% crop injury. In 2017, 14 DAT was excluded from the analysis, as there was no injury at the time of rating. At 28 DAT, the PPO-sensitive seed variety, pooled over seed treatment, at 197,684 seeds/ha resulted in greater crop injury at 8.6%, similar to 2016. At 56 DAT, similar results were observed as in 2016, at 12% crop injury in the PPO-sensitive seed variety without a seed treatment planted at 197,684 seeds/ha. There were differences in stand count by seeding rate at 14 and 28 DAT, but no interactive effects between the factors in 2016; seed treatment and seed variety were not significant. However, in 2017, there were differences in stand count by seed variety and seed treatment at 14 and 28 DAT, but again, no interactive effects between factors. Relationships between stand count and seeding rate indicated a threshold at which the environment cannot sustain higher planting densities. Environmental conditions were more favorable for crop growth in 2016 than 2017. Rainfall 10 days following planting was recorded at 67 mm and 290 mm in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Soybean node counts in 2016 were greater in the PPO-tolerant variety were seed was treated with a fungicide and insecticide seed treatment. In 2017, node counts were not influenced by seed treatment or seed variety; however, the greatest number of nodes were in the 444,789 seeds/ha planting population. Disease was more prominent in the high-density plots than in the low-density plots, as would be expected because of the effects of competitive stress on plant susceptibility to pathogens as well as more plants to be infected by the pathogen. Sudden Death Syndrome disease incidence (scale of 0 to 100%) in 2016 ranged from 1.2 to 25.5 across rating dates, while severity (scale of 0 to 9 based on leaf symptomology) ranged from 0.3 to 2.2 across rating dates. In 2017 disease incidence ranged from 0 to 25.0 across all rating dates, and disease severity ranged from 0 to 1.6 across all rating dates. Yield in 2016 ranged from 3,449.8 kg/ha to 4,060.3 kg/ha with the highest yield in the PPO-tolerant variety and the lowest in the -sensitive variety. However, in 2017, yield was lowest in the 197,684 plants/ha treatments at 1,509.1 kg/ha and highest in the 444,789 plants/ha treatments at 4,053.9 kg/ha. Significant varietal and seed treatment differences were also noted in 2017. A growth chamber study consisting of 18 treatments to evaluate an induction of SAR in soybean following exposure to sulfentrazone in PPO-sensitive and -tolerant cultivars. Each treatment was analyzed to quantify pathogen infection. Treatments were also analyzed for the upregulation of SAR genes to evaluate the potential induction of systemic acquired resistance in treated and untreated seed accessions of PPO-sensitive and -tolerant cultivars in response to infections by Fusarium virguliforme, Pythium irregulare, and Rhizoctonia solani following exposure to sulfentrazone. Soil was inoculated with F. virguliforme, P. irregulare and R. solani and planting was done one day after inoculation using AG 4034 and AG 4135, PPO- (sulfentrazone) sensitive and tolerant cultivars, respectively. F. virguliforme DNA levels (351.98 picograms of fungal DNA/200 mg of root tissue) were highest in the PPO-sensitive variety with a seed treatment and an herbicide application. P. irregulare levels were sproradic; regardless of seed treatment, fungal DNA levels were only different in the PPO-sensitive variety with seed treatment and herbicide application at 95.92 picograms of fungal DNA/200 mg of root tissue. All non-inoculated samples produced minute levels of Pythium DNA. R. solani levels were only statistically different in the treatment containing: untreated, PPO-sensitive seed that was non-inoculated. Gene expression levels were greatest in the PPO-tolerant variety. NPR1 expression was greatest in the PPO-tolerant variety with an application of sulfentrazone at 27.26-fold-change over ubiquitin, statistically different from the PPO-tolerant variety without an application of sulfentrazone and the PPO-sensitive variety with an application of sulfentrazone. The expression of the NIMIN1 gene showed no difference between treatments for either PPO-tolerant or -sensitive variety. The PPO-tolerant seed, inoculated with P. irregularrre and treated with sulfentrazone resulted in 0.02-fold change, statistically different from all other treatments except, PPO-sensitive seed without sulfetrazone at 0.33-fold change when EREBP was the gene of interest. The PPO-tolerant variety with an application of sulfentrazone was significantly different from the PPO-sensitive variety with an application of sulfentrazone at 13.8 and 0.69- fold change, respectively in regard to EDS1 being the gene of interest. Looking at PAD4 expression, being the greatest in the treated seed with a herbicide (pooled over variety and inoculum) at 1.66-fold difference from ubiquitin, and statistically different from the remaining treatments. There was no difference between treatments for the gene of interest, SAM22, in either variety. Overall, the field experiment indicated that a seeding rate of 345,947 seeds/ha was optimum with no penalty to yield. By planting a higher population than that yield was not significantly increased. Planting a PPO-tolerant seed variety resulted in the greatest yield overall, but on a disease resistance perspective, it was advantageous to plant a PPO-sensitive variety if SDS is an issue. Lastly, an application of sulfentrazone preemergence to soybeans does result in the upregulation of SAR in soybean, which was confirmed by RT-PCR following the expression level of six SAR genes.

Download or read book Pesticides Documentation Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 1732 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book The Chemistry of Allelopathy written by Alonzo C. Thompson and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Allelopathic research in agriculture: past highlights and potential; Economics of weed control in crops; Assessment of the allelopathic effects of weeds on field crops in the jumid midsouth; Chemistry and biology of allelopathic agents; The involvement of allelochemicals in the host selection of parasitic angiosperm; Sesquiterpene lactones and allelochemicals from Centaurea species; Fractionation of allelochemicals from oilseed sunflowers; Biosynthesis of phenolic compounds: chemical manipulation in higuer plants; Allelopatic agents form common weeds: Amaranthus palmeri, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, and related weeds; Allelopatic agents from Parthenium hysterophorus and Baccharis megapotamica; Effects of allelochemicals on plant-water relationships; Mechanisms of allelopatic action in biossay; Phytotoxic compounds isolated and identified from weeds; Phytotoxicity of root exudates and leaf extracts of nine plant species; The effect of root exudates on soybeans: germination, root growth, nodulation, and dry-matter production; Rye (Secale cereale L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mulch: the suppression of certains broadleaved weeds and the isolation and identification of phytotoxins; Allelopatic in tall fescue; Germination regulation by Amaranthus palmeri and Ambrosia artemisiifolia; The influence of secondary plant compounds on the associations of soil microorganisms and plant roots; Antimicrobial agents from plants: a model for studies of allelopathic agents?; A survey of soil microorganisms for herbicidal activity.

Download or read book The Effect of Plant Cutting and Burndown Herbicides on Weed Management in Double crop Soybeans Following Winter Wheat written by Colton P. Carmody and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The agricultural practice of 'double-cropping,' harvesting two crops from the same piece of land in a single growing season, is a popular practice in Southern Illinois where growers often plant soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) soon after winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis L. Cronq.) competition and lack of control can cause detrimental effects on yield for double-crop producers in Illinois due to the development of multiple herbicide resistance in this weed species. To combat this problem of herbicide resistance, new herbicide-tolerant soybean technologies and new herbicide formulations have been developed, but these technologies will quickly lose efficacy unless stewarded properly. Therefore, our objective for this study was to evaluate the control of horseweed and other weeds and crop yield as influenced by weed-cutting height, herbicide treatments, timing of herbicide application in three studies (a greenhouse study and in-crop and non-crop field studies) with the goal of improving weed management in double-crop soybean. Data obtained from the non-crop study that focused on the evaluation of different cutting heights, herbicide treatments and application timings was observed to be significantly different by weed species evaluated: horseweed, common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.), and Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.). Horseweed control and biomass accumulation was observed to be strongly influenced by cutting height, where cutting to 15 cm resulted in the greatest control efficacy and reduction in overall biomass irrespective of herbicide treatment used. While application timing following cutting in relation to control efficacy and biomass accumulation was only observed to be significant based upon the translocation properties of the herbicide applied, i.e. contact or systemic. Differences in the perennial weed species Canada goldenrod were observed compared to horseweed; cutting in combination with herbicide treatments resulted in a decrease in control compared to herbicide applications made to noncut Canada goldenrod plants. Data obtained in this study suggest that cutting in combination with the use of effective burndown herbicides may lead to increased control of certain weed species and could be a component of herbicide technology stewardship in double-crop soybeans. The in-crop study focused on evaluating yield potential of burndown herbicides in double-crop soybean systems. Observations from this study revealed that similarly to full-season beans, yield in double-crop soybeans was limited dependent upon the burndown herbicide programs ability to achieve broad-spectrum weed control. When effective burndown herbicides dicamba, glufosinate, and paraquat were combined with herbicides that possessed the ability to provide soil residual activity, such as saflufenacil, chlorimuron, chloransulam, metribuzin, sulfentrazone or flumioxazin, yield potential was maximized compared to these active ingredients applied as standalone treatments. Data from this study further stresses the importance of utilizing multiple effective sites of actions to achieve higher yields while maintaining good herbicide stewardship practices.

Download or read book Evaluation of Safening Effects to Herbicides Conferred Via Insecticide Seed Treatments in Soybean Glycine Max and Grain Sorghum Sorghum Bicolor written by Nicholas Robert Steppig and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interactions between herbicides and insecticides in crop production have been documented for a number of years. Research has shown that applications of some organophosphate insecticides at planting can reduce cotton injury following applications of the soil-applied herbicide clomazone. Additionally, recent research has shown that, when applied as seed treatments prior to planting, some neonicotinoid insecticides can safen rice to drift from both glyphosate and imazethapyr. Since insecticide seed treatments are commonly used in many crop production systems throughout the Midsouth, exploring their ability to reduce injury from herbicides in other crops besides rice is of great interest. Presently no research exists examining the potential for insecticide seed treatments to reduce herbicide injury in soybean or grain sorghum, important rotational crops in Arkansas. Research contained herein investigates the possibility for commonly-used neonicotinoid insecticide seed treatments to reduce injury from herbicides via drift and soil application in both crops, in addition to applications of postemergence herbicides in soybean that typically cause injury. Results from these studies indicate that injury from herbicide drift may be reduced through the use of insecticide seed treatments in both crops. Injury from seven of the eight herbicides evaluated in soybean, and three of three herbicides in grain sorghum, was reduced in at least one of four site years. Additionally, safening to soil-applied herbicides was seen in five of nine herbicides evaluated in soybean in one or more site years. Injury from soil-applied herbicides in grain sorghum was not reduced in any of the four herbicides evaluated, nor was a safening effect seen in applications of postemergence herbicides in soybean. The amount of injury reduction varied substantially among site years, indicating a strong environmental effect on level of safening. However, based on the fact that insecticide seed treatments are incorporated across a wide array of environmental conditions each spring, it seems likely that some growers will see the benefits of reduced injury following herbicide exposure.

Download or read book The Effect of Seedling Vigor Planting Depth and Planting Date on Soybean Glycine Max Merr Production written by John Richard Shupert and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Weed Science written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Health Aspects of Pesticides Abstract Bulletin written by and published by . This book was released on 1971 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effects on Growth and Yield of Soybeans from Interactions of Sequential Herbicide Applications written by I.F. de SOUZA and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Field and greenhouse studies were conducted in two years to evaluate the effects of several pre-plant incorporated and pstemergent herbicides applied alone and in sequence upon growth parameters of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr. Amsoy 71]. In general, the greenhouse and field data supported each other. All PPI treatments oversprayed with the post-emergent 2,4-DB reduced yield when compared with the PPI's alone. All yield reductions were additive effects, except bifenox at 1.12 kg/ha plus 2,4-DB and vernolate at 3.36 kg/ha plus 2,4-DB. A significant reduction in pods dry weight at thirty-eight days after planting did not correlate with the yields (ninety-eight days later), although all significant yield reductions were precede by significant reductions in pods dry weight. Bifenox at 0.56 kg/ha over sprayed with acifluorfen at 0.56 kg/ha increased leaf area, leaf dry weight, support tissue dry weight, and yield (antagonistic effects). Of the postemergent treatments, bentazon gave the least interaction showing only significant decrease in leaf area and support tissue dry weight with the PPI treatments of vernolate at 3.36 and 5.04 kg/ha; at 5.04 kg/ha it also significantly decreased pods dry weight. After bentazon, came acifluorfen followed by dinoseb + naptalam with no significant yield reduction. Dinoseb + naptalan significantly reduced several parameters including pods dry weight ald leaf area when applied over all PPI treatments at the two highest rates. Aciflourfen on the other hand only significantly reduced the growth parameters, other than leaf area, when applied over vernolate at 3.36 and 5.04 kg/ha. The greenhouse results indicated that 2,4-DB applied at 1-trifoliate stage of soybeans reduced several growth parameters when compared with 2,4-DB applied ten days later (3-trifoliate). Vernolate at 3.36 and 5.04 kg/ha reduced chloroform soluble extraction of the soybean laves, under field and greenhouse conditions.

Download or read book Proceedings of Annual Meeting written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 876 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: