Download or read book Solvent extraction Processes for the Separation of the Rare earth Metals written by and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper the application of different classes of solvent-extraction reagents to the recovery and separation of the rare-earth metals is reviewed, and some aspects of the chemistry of these systems are discussed. Solvating extractants such as tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) are useful both in the recovery of mixed rare-earth products from nitrate liquors (complexes of the type Ln(NO3)3(TBP)3 being formed in the organic phase) and in the highly selective separation of cerium(IV) from the trivalent lanthanides (when complexes of stoichiometry Ce(NO3)4(TBP)2 or H2Ce(NO3)6(TBP)2 are extracted). Cation-exchange extractants, especially organophosphorus acids such as D2EHPA, are invaluable in the preliminary division of the rare earths into light, middle and heavy fractions, as well as for the subsequent separation of individual metals within these fractions. In some cases, as for the lanthanum-cerium pair, improved separations can be obtained with extractants of the phosphonic and phosphinic acid types. The characteristics of the extraction of the trivalent lanthanides and yttrium by different carboxylic acids can be related to the steric parameter of the substituent alkyl group. For sterically hindered acids such as Versatic 10, complexes of stoichiometry LnA3(HA)3 are extracted, and the pH(0,5) values decrease steadily from lanthanum to lutetium. For non-hindered acids such as 3-cyclohexylpropanoic acid, dimeric complexes such as (LnA3(HA)3)2 are formed, and the pH(0,5) values decrease to a minimum near the middle of the lanthanide series and thereafter increase again. Anion-exchange extractants, particularly quaternary ammonium salts, offer distinct advantages over other reagent types in certain instances, such as the separation of yttrium from the heavy rare-earth fraction in thiocyanate media, and the separation of neodymium from praseodymium in nitrate media. In these systems, complexes of the types (R4N)LnX4 and (R4N)2LnX5 are extracted, where X represents the thiocyanate or nitrate anion. The order of extraction of the individual rare earths is reversed in the nitrate system (La > Ce... > Lu) compared with the thiocyanate system (La

Download or read book Separation Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earth Elements written by Jack Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes in a comprehensive manner the technical aspects of separation of rare earth elements into individual elements for industrial and commercial use. The authors include details on and differentiate among the effective separation of rare earth elements for various parts of the world. They introduce new applications of separation of rare earth elements from concentrates of diverse ore types.

Download or read book Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earths written by Dezhi Qi and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2018-05-15 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrometallurgy of Rare Earths: Extraction and Separation provides the basic knowledge for rare earth extraction and separation, including flow sheet selection criteria and related technology. The book includes the latest research findings on all rare earth separation processes, methods of controlling operation costs, and strategies that help lower wastewater and waste solid discharge. It discusses many real process parameters and actual situations in rare earth separation plants, also examining the basic principles, technologies, process parameters and advances and achievements in the area of rare earth extraction and separation. In addition, the book covers extraction separation theory as developed by Professor Guanxian Xu and Professor Chunhua Yan and the creative use of a computational simulation program to replace the bench scale and pilot plant tests and directly design rare earth extraction separation processes. Outlines the theory of solvent extraction and separation of rare earths (REs) Provides the necessary tools for a REs separation plant design Includes a unique simulation program for the calculation of all process parameters Includes Chinese nomenclature that is useful for identifying the various processes, also comparing it to the global literature

Download or read book Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium written by A.K. Suri and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth and development witnessed today in modern science, engineering, and technology owes a heavy debt to the rare, refractory, and reactive metals group, of which niobium is a member. Extractive Metallurgy of Niobium presents a vivid account of the metal through its comprehensive discussions of properties and applications, resources and resource processing, chemical processing and compound preparation, metal extraction, and refining and consolidation. Typical flow sheets adopted in some leading niobium-producing countries for the beneficiation of various niobium sources are presented, and various chemical processes for producing pure forms of niobium intermediates such as chloride, fluoride, and oxide are discussed. The book also explains how to liberate the metal from its intermediates and describes the physico-chemical principles involved. It is an excellent reference for chemical metallurgists, hydrometallurgists, extraction and process metallurgists, and minerals processors. It is also valuable to a wide variety of scientists, engineers, technologists, and students interested in the topic.

Download or read book Separation of Adjacent Rare Earth Elements Using Solvent Extraction written by Kevin Lawrence Lyon and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial rare earth separation facilities utilize the phosphonic acid PC88A for solvent extraction processes. Separation of adjacent lanthanides using solvent extraction is especially costly and difficult due to their chemical similarities. Process improvements provide significant positive impacts on regulatory and economic challenges associated with these difficult separations. The separation of praseodymium and neodymium has been of particular interest recently due to current and forecasted future demand for high purity neodymium. Laboratory solvent extraction testing combined with MATLAB modeling has been used to develop and test solvent extraction flowsheets to separate high purity neodymium from a 25 wt % praseodymium and 75 wt % neodymium mixture. The flowsheet chemistry is based on the current industrial extractant, PC88A. Mixer settler flowsheet testing with PC88A has shown that greater than 99% purity neodymium can be produced with a neodymium scrub solution in a 12-stage scrubbing circuit. An overall flowsheet concept has been designed, tested, and evaluated to simultaneously produce didymium and high purity neodymium. The methods and processes developed in this research can be applied to all of the rare earth elements (REE) in the lanthanide series to develop a modeling capability for complex separation schemes. Additionally, the modeling principles can be applied to alternative solvent systems for REE separations. The methods presented for flowsheet development and optimization provide a design capability that supports a viable domestic supply of critical materials.

Download or read book Chelating Agents in Separation of Rare earth Compounds by Solvent Extraction with Amines written by A. C. Rice and published by . This book was released on 1963 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Critical and Rare Earth Elements written by Abhilash and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is aimed to compile the distribution of rare earth elements in various resources with their processing from secondary resources. It includes details of various processes developed for extraction of rare earth elements from varied raw materials ranging from e-wastes, tailings, process wastes and residues. It emphasizes importance of processing of the secondary resources to assist environmental remediation of such untreated wastes and get finished products. It covers all aspects of rare metals and rare earth metals in one volume covering extraction, separation and recycling of secondary resources for extraction of these metals along with relevant case studies.

Download or read book Rare Earth Metal Recovery for Green Technologies written by Rajesh Kumar Jyothi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-03-25 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the development, use, extraction, and recovery of rare earth metals. Rare earth elements (REEs) occupy a key role in daily life in industrial applications. They are one of the critical elements for energy and sustainable growth. REEs are utilized in many modern electrical and electronic devices such as smart phones, computers, LED lights etc. Recovery of the REEs from secondary resources represents a way to meet the growing demand for electronic devices. Because of their rarity, utility, and importance, the recovery, utilization and recycling of rare earth metals is of utmost importance. This book presents both current methods of processing rare earths from primary and secondary sources and new, green routes for their isolation and purification. The book also addresses their utilization, re-use, reduction, and recycling policies that exist globally. Applications in metallurgy, magnets, ceramics, electronics, and chemical, optical, and nuclear technologies are discussed.

Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2017 written by Hojong Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-02-03 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. Rare processing techniques are covered, including direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

Download or read book Recycling of Neodymium Iron Boron Magnet Scrap written by Jane W. Lyman and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2018 written by Hojong Kim and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-04 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Topics include the extraction and processing of elements such as antimony, arsenic, gold, indium, palladium, platinum, rare earth metals including yttrium and neodymium, titanium, tungsten, and vanadium. Rare processing techniques are covered, including direct extraction processes for rare-earth recovery, biosorption of precious metals, fluorination behavior of uranium and zirconium mixture of fuel debris treatment, and recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as zinc, nickel, and metals from slag.

Download or read book Rare Metal Technology 2015 written by Neale Neelameggham and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection presents the papers from a symposium on extraction of rare metals as well as rare extraction processing techniques used in metal production. Paper topics include the extraction and processing of elements like antimony, arsenic, calcium, chromium, hafnium, gold, indium, lithium, molybdenum, niobium, rare earth metals, rhenium, scandium, selenium, silver, strontium, tantalum, tellurium, tin, tungsten, vanadium, and zirconium. Rare processing techniques presented include bio leaching, molecular recognition technology, recovery of valuable components of commodity metals such as magnesium from laterite process wastes, titanium from ilmenites, and rare metals from wastes such as phosphors and LCD monitors.

Download or read book Rare Earths written by Jacques Lucas and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-09-09 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High-technology and environmental applications of the rare-earth elements (REE) have grown dramatically in diversity and importance over the past four decades. This book provides a scientific understanding of rare earth properties and uses, present and future. It also points the way to efficient recycle of the rare earths in end-of-use products and efficient use of rare earths in new products. Scientists and students will appreciate the book's approach to the availability, structure and properties of rare earths and how they have led to myriad critical uses, present and future. Experts should buy this book to get an integrated picture of production and use (present and future) of rare earths and the science behind this picture. This book will prove valuable to.non-scientists as well in order to get an integrated picture of production and use of rare earths in the 21st Century, and the science behind this picture. Defines the chemical, physical and structural properties of rare earths. Gives the reader a basic understanding of what rare earths can do for us. Describes uses of each rare earth with chemical, physics, and structural explanations for the properties that underlie those uses. Allows the reader to understand how rare earths behave and why they are used in present applications and will be used in future applications. Explains to the reader where and how rare earths are found and produced and how they are best recycled to minimize environmental impact and energy and water consumption.

Download or read book Application of Ionic Liquids on Rare Earth Green Separation and Utilization written by Ji Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-08 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively details the applications of ionic liquids in rare earth green separation and utilization based on the unique interactions of ionic liquids with rare earth ions. It consists of nine chapters demonstrating the synthesis and properties of ionic liquids, coordination chemistry of ionic liquids and rare earth, ionic liquids as diluents, extractants, adsorption resins for rare earth extraction and separation, electrodeposition of rare earth metals in ionic liquids, and preparation of rare earth material with the aid of ionic liquids. It is both interesting and useful to chemists, metallurgists and graduate students working on fundamental research of ionic liquids as well as professionals in the rare earth industry. It provides considerable insights into green chemistry and sustainable processes for rare earth separation in order to meet the environmental challenge of rare earth metallurgy around the globe, especially in China. Ji Chen is a Professor of Chemistry at the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China.

Download or read book Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries written by D. H. Logsdail and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 726 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Recycling of Rare Earths written by David J. Fisher and published by Materials Research Forum LLC. This book was released on 2022-03-15 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The recycling of rare earth elements is one of the great challenges for establishing a green economy. Rare earths play an essential role in a great many high-tech products and processes: electronic display screens , computer monitors, cell phones, rechargeable batteries, high-strength magnets, catalytic converters, fluorescent lamps etc. Recycling these materials not only results in valuable materials for new products; it also helps in reducing mountains of discarded products. The recycling methods discussed include bioleaching, biosorption, siderophores, algae and seaweed. carbon-based nanomaterials, silica, pyrometallurgy, electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, solvent extraction and the use of various absorbents. The book references 253 original resources with their direct web links for in-depth reading. Keywords: Rare Earths, Bioleaching, Biosorption, Siderophores, Algae, Seaweed. Carbon-based Nanomaterials, Silica, Pyrometallurgy, Electrochemistry, Hydrometallurgy, Solvent Extraction, Absorbents, Ash, Slag, Red Mud, Contaminated Soil.

Download or read book Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction written by Jacob A. Marinsky and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2021-06-30 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction series treats ion exchange and solvent extraction both as discrete topics and as a unified, multidisciplinary study - presenting new insights for researchers in many chemical and related fields.;Volume 12 contains coverage of: the nature of metal-ion interaction with oppositely charged sites of ion exchangers; high-pressure ion exchange separation of rare earth elements; the commercial recovery of valuable minerals from seawater and brines by ion exchange and sorption; the kinetics of ion exchange in heterogenous systems; the ion-exchange equilibria of amino acids; and more.;The work is intended for analytical, co-ordination, process, separation, surface, organic, inorganic, physical and environmental chemists, geochemists, electrochemists, radiochemists, biochemists, biophysicists, hydrometallurgists, membrane researchers and chemical engineers.