Download or read book Solidification Microstructure Simulation of Ti6Al4V in Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing written by Jinghao Li and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Metal additive manufacturing (MAM) technology is now changing the pattern of the high-end manufacturing industry, among which microstructure simulation gradually shows its importance and attracts many research interests. Until today, the simulation of solidification microstructure in MAM remains challenging because of the complex solidification conditions. This research develops a data-driven model to investigate the competitive grain growth behaviour and a novel method to quantitively simulate the topology structures of the columnar grains in laser wire directed energy deposition (DED) fabricated Ti6Al4V. With a thorough review of the literature, the development of existing solidification microstructure simulation methods as well as their capacity and applicability on MAM are discussed. Traditional solidification microstructure simulation methods all have their merits as well as drawbacks when applied in MAM processes. To fill the gaps in the rapid solidification theory, a data-driven approach is developed to analyze the anisotropic grain growth effect under a rapid directional solidification condition in laser wire DED fabricated Ti6Al4V. A series of laser wire DED, optical microscope, and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiments were carried out under the experimental design to gather the training and testing data for the artificial neural network (ANN), which is used as an engine to predict the transient grain boundary angles. After parameter tuning and model testing, the strategy and ANN model developed in this work is demonstrated to be an efficient way to describe the competitive grain growth behaviour in laser wire DED fabricated Ti6Al4V. In conjunction with the regression relation found by the ANN, a deterministic solidification microstructure simulation model named the "invasion model", is established to avoid the essential defects of traditional methods, such as the high computational cost and the handling of rapid solidification phenomena. This model focuses on the interaction between the neighbouring bi-crystals instead of simulating the growth kinetics of each columnar grain or deriving the field form of variables. Within a bi-crystal system, the grain boundary tilt from the vertical direction of solidification front is understood as a transient invasion behaviour of one grain to another, and the competitive grain growth behaviour along the buildup process of MAM is an accumulation of all the invasions in bi-crystal systems. Laser wire DED fabricated Ti6Al4V thin wall samples with full dendritic columnar grains (prior beta) are used as a benchmark to test the validation of the novel simulation model. The grain structure of reconstructed prior beta grains along the build-up direction has a good agreement with the simulation result which shows the unique capabilities of the invasion model compared to the traditional ones. In the end, the crystal (prior beta grain) introducing mechanism in laser wire DED fabricated Ti6Al4V is investigated. Recrystallization is found to be the main reason that introduces new crystals into the printing domain and influences the resultant solidification microstructure. The formation tendency of the early-stage recrystallized grain indicates its strong dependency on the grain boundary alpha phase. Some of the recrystallized grains are able to participate in the following competitive grain growth, thus influencing the solidification microstructure in the fabricated part dramatically"--

Download or read book Laser Based Additive Manufacturing written by Narendra B. Dahotre and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2022-08-01 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing Explore laser-based additive manufacturing processes via multi-scale modeling and computer simulation In Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments, a distinguished team of researchers delivers an incisive framework for understanding materials processing using laser-based additive manufacturing (LAM). The book describes the use of computational modeling and simulation to explore and describe the LAM technique, to improve the compositional, phase, and microstructural evolution of the material, and to enhance the mechanical, chemical, and functional properties of the manufactured components. The accomplished authors combine a comprehensive overview of multi-scale modeling and simulation with experimental and practical observations, offering a systematic review of laser-material interactions in advanced LAM processes. They also describe the real-world applications of LAM, including component processing and surface functionalization. In addition to explorations of residual stresses, three-dimensional defects, and surface physical texture in LAM, readers will also find: A thorough introduction to additive manufacturing (AM), including the advantages of AM over conventional manufacturing and the challenges involved with using the technology A comprehensive exploration of computation materials science, including length- and time-scales in materials modeling and the current state of computational modeling in LAM Practical discussions of laser-material interaction in LAM, including the conversion of light energy to heat, modes of heat dissipation, and the dynamics of the melt-pool In-depth examinations of the microstructural and mechanical aspects of LAM integrated with modeling Perfect for materials scientists, mechanical engineers, and physicists, Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing: Modeling, Simulation, and Experiments is perfect for anyone seeking an insightful treatment of this cutting-edge technology in the areas of alloys, ceramics, and composites.

Download or read book Laser Wire Deposition Additive Manufacturing of Ti 6Al 4V for the Aerospace Industry written by Nejib Chekir and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Additive manufacturing (AM) is an attractive solution to reduce processing cost of complex components. The interest of the aerospace industry into Ti-6Al-4V resides in its excellent strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance properties. As of today, control of the process to structure to property relationship for AM technologies remains challenging. This research investigates the effects of some key laser wire deposition (LWD) parameters and various post deposition heat treatments on the developed microstructure and subsequent properties of the deposited Ti-6Al-4V materials. The effect of two different travel speeds on the structural development of thin Ti-6Al-4V deposits was investigated. A travel speed set at 1.4 mm/s promoted recrystallization of columnar prior [beta] grains into horizontal prior [beta] grains and a diffusion-controlled type of microstructure. A travel speed set at 7.2 mm/s resulted in higher cooling rates that produced a refined microstructure while no recrystallization of the prior [beta] grains has been observed. Next the effect of five different post deposition heat treatments were investigated. A stress relief preserved the morphology of the deposited samples while annealing or HIP, followed or not by aging, coarsened the developed microstructure. The lower travel speed exhibited a strong anisotropy in elongation with lower values generated along the build direction as opposed to the isotropic results in elongation at higher travel speed. Moreover, samples processed at 7.2 mm/s produced high strength meeting the minimum wrought requirements as set by the AMS4911. Eventually, the grain boundary strengthening mechanism with regards to the [alpha] platelets thicknesses was found to be travel speed dependent. Thick samples were characterized by the deposition of multiple lateral beads within one layer. Thermal history was first investigated through the development of a FEM model reproducing the deposition process. Typical macrostructures and microstructures that developed post deposit were then investigated. Subsequent static tensile properties were found to be hardly meeting the cast minimum requirements as set by the ASTM F1108. No anisotropy in the impact toughness properties was observed. Eventually, HIP did not induce any major improvement of the mechanical properties for both thin and thick specimens and is not required for LWD applications. All the previous findings were eventually applied for the printing of a large Ti-6Al-4V aerospace component. The deposition strategy was presented. Destructive and non-destructive testing were done to check the printed part geometry and the process to structure to properties relationship. The printed part was characterized with a buy-to-fly ratio (BTF) of about 3.2:1 as opposed to a BTF ratio of 30.8:1 when using conventional subtractive processes." --

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys written by Bhaskar Dutta and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2016-06-17 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Additive Manufacturing of Titanium Alloys: State of the Art, Challenges and Opportunities provides alternative methods to the conventional approach for the fabrication of the majority of titanium components produced via the cast and wrought technique, a process which involves a considerable amount of expensive machining. In contrast, the Additive Manufacturing (AM) approach allows very close to final part configuration to be directly fabricated minimizing machining cost, while achieving mechanical properties at least at cast and wrought levels. In addition, the book offers the benefit of significant savings through better material utilization for parts with high buy-to-fly ratios (ratio of initial stock mass to final part mass before and after manufacturing). As titanium additive manufacturing has attracted considerable attention from both academicians and technologists, and has already led to many applications in aerospace and terrestrial systems, as well as in the medical industry, this book explores the unique shape making capabilities and attractive mechanical properties which make titanium an ideal material for the additive manufacturing industry. - Includes coverage of the fundamentals of microstructural evolution in titanium alloys - Introduces readers to the various Additive Manufacturing Technologies, such as Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Directed Energy Deposition (DED) - Looks at the future of Titanium Additive Manufacturing - Provides a complete review of the science, technology, and applications of Titanium Additive Manufacturing (AM)

Download or read book Laser Based Additive Manufacturing of Metal Parts written by Linkan Bian and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-08-09 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser-Based Additive Manufacturing (LBAM) technologies, hailed by some as the "third industrial revolution," can increase product performance, while reducing time-to-market and manufacturing costs. This book is a comprehensive look at new technologies in LBAM of metal parts, covering topics such as mechanical properties, microstructural features, thermal behavior and solidification, process parameters, optimization and control, uncertainty quantification, and more. The book is aimed at addressing the needs of a diverse cross-section of engineers and professionals.

Download or read book Principles of Solidification written by Martin Eden Glicksman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-17 with total page 517 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Principles of Solidification” offers comprehensive descriptions of liquid-to-solid transitions encountered in shaped casting, welding, and non-biological bulk crystal growth processes. The book logically develops through careful presentation of relevant thermodynamic and kinetic theories and models of solidification occurring in a variety of materials. Major topics encompass the liquid-state, liquid-solid transformations, chemical macro- and microsegregation, purification by fractional crystallization and zone refining, solid-liquid interfaces, polyphase freezing, and rapid solidification processing. Solid-liquid interfaces are discussed quantitatively both as sharp and diffuse entities, with supporting differential geometric descriptions. The book offers: • Detailed mathematical examples throughout to guide readers • Applications of solidification and crystal growth methodologies for preparation and purification of metals, ceramics, polymers and semiconductors • Appendices providing supporting information on special topics covered in the chapters. Readers in materials, metallurgical, chemical, and mechanical engineering will find this to be a useful source on the subjects of solidification and crystal growth. Chemists, physicists, and geologists concerned with melting/freezing phenomena will also find much of value in this book.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metals written by John O. Milewski and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-28 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This engaging volume presents the exciting new technology of additive manufacturing (AM) of metal objects for a broad audience of academic and industry researchers, manufacturing professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, hobbyists, and artists. Innovative applications ranging from rocket nozzles to custom jewelry to medical implants illustrate a new world of freedom in design and fabrication, creating objects otherwise not possible by conventional means. The author describes the various methods and advanced metals used to create high value components, enabling readers to choose which process is best for them. Of particular interest is how harnessing the power of lasers, electron beams, and electric arcs, as directed by advanced computer models, robots, and 3D printing systems, can create otherwise unattainable objects. A timeline depicting the evolution of metalworking, accelerated by the computer and information age, ties AM metal technology to the rapid evolution of global technology trends. Charts, diagrams, and illustrations complement the text to describe the diverse set of technologies brought together in the AM processing of metal. Extensive listing of terms, definitions, and acronyms provides the reader with a quick reference guide to the language of AM metal processing. The book directs the reader to a wealth of internet sites providing further reading and resources, such as vendors and service providers, to jump start those interested in taking the first steps to establishing AM metal capability on whatever scale. The appendix provides hands-on example exercises for those ready to engage in experiential self-directed learning.

Download or read book Titanium written by Matthew J. Donachie and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2000 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Designed to support the need of engineering, management, and other professionals for information on titanium by providing an overview of the major topics, this book provides a concise summary of the most useful information required to understand titanium and its alloys. The author provides a review of the significant features of the metallurgy and application of titanium and its alloys. All technical aspects of the use of titanium are covered, with sufficient metals property data for most users. Because of its unique density, corrosion resistance, and relative strength advantages over competing materials such as aluminum, steels, and superalloys, titanium has found a niche in many industries. Much of this use has occurred through military research, and subsequent applications in aircraft, of gas turbine engines, although more recent use features replacement joints, golf clubs, and bicycles.Contents include: A primer on titanium and its alloys, Introduction to selection of titanium alloys, Understanding titanium's metallurgy and mill products, Forging and forming, Castings, Powder metallurgy, Heat treating, Joining technology and practice, Machining, Cleaning and finishing, Structure/processing/property relationships, Corrosion resistance, Advanced alloys and future directions, Appendices: Summary table of titanium alloys, Titanium alloy datasheets, Cross-reference to titanium alloys, Listing of selected specification and standardization organizations, Selected manufacturers, suppliers, services, Corrosion data, Machining data.

Download or read book Thermo Mechanical Modeling of Additive Manufacturing written by Michael Gouge and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thermo-mechanical Modeling of Additive Manufacturing provides the background, methodology and description of modeling techniques to enable the reader to perform their own accurate and reliable simulations of any additive process. Part I provides an in depth introduction to the fundamentals of additive manufacturing modeling, a description of adaptive mesh strategies, a thorough description of thermal losses and a discussion of residual stress and distortion. Part II applies the engineering fundamentals to direct energy deposition processes including laser cladding, LENS builds, large electron beam parts and an exploration of residual stress and deformation mitigation strategies. Part III concerns the thermo-mechanical modeling of powder bed processes with a description of the heat input model, classical thermo-mechanical modeling, and part scale modeling. The book serves as an essential reference for engineers and technicians in both industry and academia, performing both research and full-scale production. Additive manufacturing processes are revolutionizing production throughout industry. These technologies enable the cost-effective manufacture of small lot parts, rapid repair of damaged components and construction of previously impossible-to-produce geometries. However, the large thermal gradients inherent in these processes incur large residual stresses and mechanical distortion, which can push the finished component out of engineering tolerance. Costly trial-and-error methods are commonly used for failure mitigation. Finite element modeling provides a compelling alternative, allowing for the prediction of residual stresses and distortion, and thus a tool to investigate methods of failure mitigation prior to building. - Provides understanding of important components in the finite element modeling of additive manufacturing processes necessary to obtain accurate results - Offers a deeper understanding of how the thermal gradients inherent in additive manufacturing induce distortion and residual stresses, and how to mitigate these undesirable phenomena - Includes a set of strategies for the modeler to improve computational efficiency when simulating various additive manufacturing processes - Serves as an essential reference for engineers and technicians in both industry and academia

Download or read book Titanium Powder Metallurgy written by Ma Qian and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2015-02-10 with total page 649 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Titanium Powder Metallurgy contains the most comprehensive and authoritative information for, and understanding of, all key issues of titanium powder metallurgy (Ti PM). It summarizes the past, reviews the present and discusses the future of the science and technology of Ti PM while providing the world titanium community with a unique and comprehensive book covering all important aspects of titanium powder metallurgy, including powder production, powder processing, green shape formation, consolidation, property evaluation, current industrial applications and future developments. It documents the fundamental understanding and technological developments achieved since 1937 and demonstrates why powder metallurgy now offers a cost-effective approach to the near net or net shape fabrication of titanium, titanium alloys and titanium metal matrix composites for a wide variety of industrial applications. - Provides a comprehensive and in-depth treatment of the science, technology and industrial practice of titanium powder metallurgy - Each chapter is delivered by the most knowledgeable expert on the topic, half from industry and half from academia, including several pioneers in the field, representing our current knowledge base of Ti PM. - Includes a critical review of the current key fundamental and technical issues of Ti PM. - Fills a critical knowledge gap in powder metal science and engineering and in the manufacture of titanium metal and alloys

Download or read book Laser Metal Deposition Process of Metals Alloys and Composite Materials written by Rasheedat Modupe Mahamood and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the industrial potential and explains the physics behind laser metal deposition (LMD) technology. It describes the laser metal deposition (LMD) process with the help of numerous diagrams and photographs of real-world process situations, ranging from the fabrication of parts to the repair of existing products, and includes case studies from current research in this field. Consumer demand is moving away from standardized products to customized ones, and to remain competitive manufacturers require manufacturing processes that are flexible and able to meet consumer demand at low cost and on schedule. Laser metal deposition (LMD) is a promising alternative manufacturing process in this context. This book enables researchers and professionals in industry gain a better understanding of the LMD process, which they can then use in real-world applications. It also helps spur on further innovations.

Download or read book Metal Additive Manufacturing written by Dyuti Sarker and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-10-26 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING A comprehensive review of additive manufacturing processes for metallic structures Additive Manufacturing (AM)—also commonly referred to as 3D printing—builds three-dimensional objects by adding materials layer by layer. Recent years have seen unprecedented investment in additive manufacturing research and development by governments and corporations worldwide. This technology has the potential to replace many conventional manufacturing processes, enable the development of new industry practices, and transform the entire manufacturing enterprise. Metal Additive Manufacturing provides an up-to-date review of all essential physics of metal additive manufacturing techniques with emphasis on both laser-based and non-laser-based additive manufacturing processes. This comprehensive volume covers fundamental processes and equipment, governing physics and modelling, design and topology optimization, and more. The text adresses introductory, intermediate, and advanced topics ranging from basic additive manufacturing process classification to practical and material design aspects of additive manufacturability. Written by a panel of expert authors in the field, this authoritative resource: Provides a thorough analysis of AM processes and their theoretical foundations Explains the classification, advantages, and applications of AM processes Describes the equipment required for different AM processes for metallic structures, including laser technologies, positioning devices, feeder and spreader mechanisms, and CAD software Discusses the opportunities, challenges, and current and emerging trends within the field Covers practical considerations, including design for AM, safety, quality assurance, automation, and real-time control of AM processes Includes illustrative cases studies and numerous figures and tables Featuring material drawn from the lead author’s research and professional experience on laser additive manufacturing, Metal Additive Manufacturing is an important source for manufacturing professionals, research and development engineers in the additive industry, and students and researchers involved in mechanical, mechatronics, automatic control, and materials engineering and science.

Download or read book Additive Manufacturing of Metals The Technology Materials Design and Production written by Li Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-11 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a unique guide to the three-dimensional (3D) printing of metals. It covers various aspects of additive, subtractive, and joining processes used to form three-dimensional parts with applications ranging from prototyping to production. Examining a variety of manufacturing technologies and their ability to produce both prototypes and functional production-quality parts, the individual chapters address metal components and discuss some of the important research challenges associated with the use of these technologies. As well as exploring the latest technologies currently under development, the book features unique sections on electron beam melting technology, material lifting, and the importance this science has in the engineering context. Presenting unique real-life case studies from industry, this book is also the first to offer the perspective of engineers who work in the field of aerospace and transportation systems, and who design components and manufacturing networks. Written by the leading experts in this field at universities and in industry, it provides a comprehensive textbook for students and an invaluable guide for practitioners

Download or read book Phase Field Methods in Materials Science and Engineering written by Nikolas Provatas and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-07-26 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This comprehensive and self-contained, one-stop source discusses phase-field methodology in a fundamental way, explaining advanced numerical techniques for solving phase-field and related continuum-field models. It also presents numerical techniques used to simulate various phenomena in a detailed, step-by-step way, such that readers can carry out their own code developments. Features many examples of how the methods explained can be used in materials science and engineering applications.

Download or read book Titanium Alloys written by W Sha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2009-04-29 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Given their growing importance in the aerospace, automotive, sports and medical sectors, modelling the microstructure and properties of titanium and its alloys is a vital part of research into the development of new applications. This is the first time a book has been dedicated to modelling techniques for titanium.Part one discusses experimental techniques such as microscopy, synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. Part two reviews physical modelling methods including thermodynamic modelling, the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami method, finite element modelling, the phase-field method, the cellular automata method, crystallographic and fracture behaviour of titanium aluminide and atomistic simulations of interfaces and dislocations relevant to TiAl. Part three covers neural network models and Part four examines surface engineering products. These include surface nitriding: phase composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, morphology and corrosion; nitriding: modelling of hardness profiles and kinetics; and aluminising: fabrication of Ti coatings by mechanical alloying.With its distinguished authors, Titanium alloys: Modelling of microstructure, properties and applications is a standard reference for industry and researchers concerned with titanium modelling, as well as users of titanium, titanium alloys and titanium aluminide in the aerospace, automotive, sports and medical implant sectors. - Comprehensively assesses modelling techniques for titanium, including experimental techniques such as microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry - Reviews physical modelling methods including thermodynamic modelling and finite element modelling - Examines surface engineering products with specific chapters focused on surface nitriding and aluminising

Download or read book Laser Additive Manufacturing written by Milan Brandt and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-09-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Laser Additive Manufacturing: Materials, Design, Technologies, and Applications provides the latest information on this highly efficient method of layer-based manufacturing using metals, plastics, or composite materials. The technology is particularly suitable for the production of complex components with high precision for a range of industries, including aerospace, automotive, and medical engineering. This book provides a comprehensive review of the technology and its range of applications. Part One looks at materials suitable for laser AM processes, with Part Two discussing design strategies for AM. Parts Three and Four review the most widely-used AM technique, powder bed fusion (PBF) and discuss other AM techniques, such as directed energy deposition, sheet lamination, jetting techniques, extrusion techniques, and vat photopolymerization. The final section explores the range of applications of laser AM. Provides a comprehensive one-volume overview of advances in laser additive manufacturing Presents detailed coverage of the latest techniques used for laser additive manufacturing Reviews both established and emerging areas of application

Download or read book Principles of Welding written by Robert W. Messler, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-09-26 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An advanced yet accessible treatment of the welding process and its underlying science. Despite the critically important role welding plays in nearly every type of human endeavor, most books on this process either focus on basic technical issues and leave the science out, or vice versa. In Principles of Welding, industry expert and prolific technical speaker Robert W. Messler, Jr. takes an integrated approach--presenting a comprehensive, self-contained treatment of the welding process along with the underlying physics, chemistry, and metallurgy of weld formation. Promising to become the standard text and reference in the field, this book provides an unprecedented broad coverage of the underlying physics and the mechanics of solidification--including peritectic and eutectic reactions--and emphasizes material continuity and bonding as a way to create a joint between materials of the same general class. The author supplements the book with hundreds of tables and illustrations, and correlates the science to welding practices in the real world. Principles of Welding departs from existing books with its clear, unambiguous presentation, which is easily grasped even by undergraduate students, yet given at the advanced level required by experienced engineers.