Download or read book Solid State Fermentation of Rice Straw for Production of Cellulases by Selected Fungi written by Md. Munir Hayet Khan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of cellulases from rice straw (RS) by four fungi: Trichoderma harzianum (ScahmT105), Trichoderma spp.(1) (STP101), Trichoderma spp.(3) (STP103) and Phanerochaete chrysosporium was investigated. The microbial treatment using solid state fermentation was conducted in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks considering ride straw as a major solid substrate. The highest cellulase activities such as 25.53 U/g rice straw due to filter paper activity and 42.86 U/g of rice straw due to carboxymethyl cellulose activity were obtained at day 4 of cultivation using Phanerochaete chrysosporium for the purpose of selecting the best fungus among these four strains. Glucusoamine for growth and reducing sugar as substrate utilization indicator were observed to evaluate the fermentation of rice straw in the experiment and pH values were recorded as well. Four process parameters of the solid state fermentation namely moisture content, mineral content, co-substrate and inoculum size with three levels of each parameter were used to optimize the production of cellulase by Plackett-Burman technique under factorial design. The results for first phase of optimization showed that the production of cellulase were higher i.e. 26.43 U/g of rice straw due to filter paper of activity and 46.25 U/g of rice straw due to carboxymethyl cellulose activity compared to the production obtained during the earlier study of selecting best strain among four fungi but the optimum regions of the surfaces was not found. Second phase of optimization was conducted to determine the actual optimum condition within the ranges of variables tested. The experimental data were used to develop second order polynomial models considering linear, quadratic and interaction effects of the variables (factors). The optimum values obtained at second phase of optimization for moisture content, inoculum size, co-substrate and mineral content were 50% (v/w), 10% (v/w), 1% (w/w) and 5% (v/w) respectively. Using the final model equations the process factors/variables were tested by increasing or decreasing the values within the ranges of parameters tested and optimum production of cellulase were obtained to be 30.18 U/g of rice straw (FPU) and 53.93 U/g of rice straw (CMCase) for Phanerochaete chrysosporium with the optimum process conditions. A final experiment with these optimum process conditions. A final experiment with these optimum process parameters of SSF was conducted to evaluate the production of cellulases as well as the validation of the models which indicated the production of 29.46 U/g of rice straw due to filter paper activity and 54.83 U/g of rice straw due to carboxymethyl cellulose activity in the laboratory which approved the optimum production obtained with 2.4% and 1.6% error, respectively.

Download or read book Lignocellulose Conversion written by Vincenza Faraco and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-12 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bioethanol has been recognized as a potential alternative to petroleum-derived transportation fuels. Even if cellulosic biomass is less expensive than corn and sugarcane, the higher costs for its conversion make the near-term price of cellulosic ethanol higher than that of corn ethanol and even more than that of sugarcane ethanol. Conventional process for bioethanol production from lignocellulose includes a chemical/physical pre-treatment of lignocellulose for lignin removal, mostly based on auto hydrolysis and acid hydrolysis, followed by saccharification of the free accessible cellulose portions of the biomass. The highest yields of fermentable sugars from cellulose portion are achieved by means of enzymatic hydrolysis, currently carried out using a mix of cellulases from the fungus Trichoderma reesei. Reduction of (hemi)cellulases production costs is strongly required to increase competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production. The final step is the fermentation of sugars obtained from saccharification, typically performed by the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The current process is optimized for 6-carbon sugars fermentation, since most of yeasts cannot ferment 5-carbon sugars. Thus, research is aimed at exploring new engineered yeasts abilities to co-ferment 5- and 6-carbon sugars. Among the main routes to advance cellulosic ethanol, consolidate bio-processing, namely direct conversion of biomass into ethanol by a genetically modified microbes, holds tremendous potential to reduce ethanol production costs. Finally, the use of all the components of lignocellulose to produce a large spectra of biobased products is another challenge for further improving competitiveness of second generation bioethanol production, developing a biorefinery.

Download or read book Xylanolytic Enzymes written by Pratima Bajpai and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-02-03 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Xylanolytic Enzymes describes the enzyme structure and its interaction with plant cell walls, the properties and production of different enzymes and their application, and the knowledge gathered on the hydrolysis mechanism of hemicellulose. The knowledge gathered about the hydrolysis mechanism of the hemicelluloses, especially xylans, has greatly promoted the rapid application of these enzymes in new areas. Recently there has been much industrial interest in xylan and its hydrolytic enzymatic complex, as a supplement and for the manufacturing of food, drinks, textiles, pulps and paper, and ethanol; and in xylitol production as a fermentation substrate for the production of enzymes. This book describes xylan as a major component of plant hemicelluloses. - Presents a thorough overview of all aspects of xylanolytic enzymes - Gives up-to-date authoritative information and cites pertinent research - Includes studies on xylanase regulation and synergistic action between multiple forms of xylanase

Download or read book Approaches to Enhance Industrial Production of Fungal Cellulases written by Manish Srivastava and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-04-26 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulase is a key enzyme of industrial interest and plays a crucial role in the hydrolysis of cellulose, a prime component of plant cell walls. Cellulase covers a broad area in the global market of industrially important enzymes and it is considered as the third largest industrial enzyme globally. Additionally, cellulase contributes about 20% of the total enzyme market globally because of its massive demand in various industries such as in biofuel production, pulp, paper, textile, food, and beverages, as well as in detergent industries. Among these, the demand of cellulase may become frequently selected in the commercial production of biofuels in the future and thus will further increase demand of cellulase in the biofuel industry. Because biofuel production is still not realized in a cost-effective, practical implementation due to its high cost (the higher cost of biofuels is due to higher production costs of enzymes), there is a need to introduce these types of approaches, which will help to lower the cost of enzyme production for developing overall economic biofuel production.

Download or read book Solid state Fermentation written by Ashok Pandey and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at Specialist Group Meeting & Symposium on Solid State Fermentation, held at Trivandrum, during March 23-24, 1994, organized by the Regional Research Laboratory, Trivandrum.

Download or read book Fungal Metabolites written by Jean-Michel Mérillon and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Cellulase Production from Mixed Rice Biomass as Substrate in Solid State Fermentation written by Cheau Yee Chee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nowadays cellulase from lignocellulosic materials is being used extensively in fuel production. Therefore it is very important to investigate any cost-effective bioprocess that can improve the cellulase production. To produce cellulase in large volume at affordable prices, a fungal solid-state fermentation (SSF) process that uses lignocellulosic by-product from rice milling industry, mixed rice biomass (combination of rice husk and rice straw in ratio of 1:3) was introduced due to environmental problems caused by disposal of lignocellulosic biomass from agricultural wastes. Cellulase production using Trichoderma longibrachiatum fungi strain was discussed in this research since it has ability of producing extracellular cellulase in high yield. Physical pretreatment of raw material was performed using grinder and siever before producing pretreated sample by chemical pretreatment that involved the use of 2% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) revealed that there were significant ultrastructural and functional group changes of mixed rice biomass during alkaline pretreatment. The result indicated that alkaline pretreatment had enhanced the cellulase production by causing the degradation of ester and glycosidic side chains resulting in structural alteration of lignin, cellulose swelling, partial decrystallization of cellulose, and partial solvation of hemicellulose successfully. Parameters of SSF were optimized using Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology by setting initial moisture content of SSF at a range of 40% - 80% and incubation temperature from 25 °C to 45 °C. Thirteen runs of experiment were performed to study the effect of these parameters on cellulase production. Cellulase production was enhanced from 0.1451 FPU/ml to 0.2500 FPU/ml at 60% initial moisture content and 49.1 °C incubation temperature.

Download or read book Cellulose written by John Kadla and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-08-29 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cellulose is only one of the components of biomass, although being the most abundant. To make useful chemicals or materials from cellulose requires as the first step the separation of cellulose from biomass. Various issues of cellulose extraction and its conversion are discussed in the chapters of this book on cellulose, the third and last one of a series of books on cellulose. This conversion of cellulose is an integral part of the biorefinery concept, an effort to derive optimum value from all biomass components, and as such compulsory reading for students and researchers in this area.

Download or read book Advances in Solid State Fermentation written by S. Roussos and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G.HAINNAUX Departement Milieu et Activites Agricoles, Centre ORSTOM, 911 Avenue d' Agropolis, B.P. 5045, 34032 Montpellier Cedex , France. Solid state fermentation, popularly abbreviated as SSF, is currently investigated by many groups throughout the world. The study of this technique was largely neglected in the past in European and Western countries and there is now a high demand for SSF, meaning in food, environment, agricultural, phannaceutical and many other biotechnological applications. It gives me satisfaction to note that the importance of this technique was realised at my department way back in 1975 since then, our team has put concentrated efforts on developing this technique. xvii Foreword Advances in Solid State Fermentation Foreword M. PUYGRENIER Agropolis Valorisation, Avenue d' Agropolis, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France. On the name of the Scientific Community, I would like to express the wish that this International Symposium on SSF should be successful. Solid State Fermentation is part of biotechnology research. It consists on seeding solid culture medium with bacteria or fungi (filamentous or higher) and on producing, in this medium (solid components and exudates) metabolites and high value products. In fact, this process is very old. In older industries such the food and agricultural, this technique has been extensively used. An example of this is the production of pork sausages and Roquefort cheese. Pharmaceutical industry could make extensive use of SSF in the production of secondary metabolites of many kinds and development in this direction is soon expected.

Download or read book Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology Fourth Edition written by E. M. T. El-Mansi and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-12-17 with total page 631 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fermentation Microbiology and Biotechnology, 4th Edition explores and illustrates the broad array of metabolic pathways employed for the production of primary and secondary metabolites, as well as biopharmaceuticals. This updated and expanded edition addresses the whole spectrum of fermentation biotechnology, from fermentation kinetics and dynamics to protein and co-factor engineering. It also sheds light on the new strategies employed by industrialist for increasing tolerance and endurance of microorganisms to the accumulation of toxic wastes in microbial-cell factories. The new edition builds upon the fine pedigree of its earlier predecessors and extends the spectrum of the book to reflect the multidisciplinary and buoyant nature of this subject area. Key Features Covers the whole spectrum of the field from fermentation kinetics to control of fermentation and protein engineering. Includes case studies specifically designed to illustrate industrial applications and current state-of-the-art technologies. Presents the contributions of eminent international academics and industrial experts. Offers new chapters addressing: The prospects and the role of bio-fuels refineries, Control of metabolic efflux to product formation in microbial-cell factories and Improving tolerance of microorganisms to toxic byproduct accumulation in the fermentation vessel.

Download or read book Solid State Fermentation Bioreactors written by David A. Mitchell and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-08-02 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This concise professional reference provides a fundamental framework for the design and operation of solid-state fermentation bioreactors, enabling researchers currently working at laboratory scale to scale up their processes. The authors survey bioreactor types in common use, and describe in depth how to plan a project, and model heat transfer phenomena. The book includes case studies, and a review of practical issues involved in bioreactor performance.

Download or read book Biotic Elicitors written by Dhruti Amin and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-18 with total page 176 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume details techniques to study biotic elicitors involved in the field of agriculture for the benefit of the environment and growers. Chapters guide readers through protein, carbohydrate, lipid, glycoprotein and glycolipid components derived from microorganisms and their production, purification, and characterization. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Biotic Elicitors: Production, Purification, and Characterization serve as an essential resource for researchers in agricultural microbiology, plant biotechnology, and plant pathology. @font-face {font-family:"Cambria Math"; panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:roman; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536870145 1107305727 0 0 415 0;}@font-face {font-family:Calibri; panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; mso-font-charset:0; mso-generic-font-family:swiss; mso-font-pitch:variable; mso-font-signature:-536858881 -1073732485 9 0 511 0;}p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal {mso-style-unhide:no; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; margin-top:0cm; margin-right:0cm; margin-bottom:8.0pt; margin-left:0cm; line-height:107%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; font-size:11.0pt; mso-ansi-font-size:11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}.MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:8.0pt; line-height:107%;}div.WordSection1 {page:WordSection1;}

Download or read book New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering written by Neha Srivastava and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-03 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering: From Cellulose to Cellulase: Strategies to Improve Biofuel Production outlines new methods for the industrial production of the cellulose enzyme. The book compares the various processes for the production of biofuels, including the cost of cellulose production and availability. Biofuels are considered to be the main alternatives to fossil fuels in reducing environmental pollution and climate change. Currently, all existing biofuel production is suffering because of the high costs of production processes. As a result, cost effective practical implementation is needed to make this a viable energy alternative. - Introduces new and innovative strategies for cellulase enzyme production at industrial scale - Provides sustainable approaches to produce cellulase at low cost - Covers all aspect and possible factors for economical, low cost, cellulase mediated biofuels production

Download or read book Sustainable Degradation of Lignocellulosic Biomass written by Anuj Chandel and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2013-05-15 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides important aspects of sustainable degradation of lignocellulosic biomass which has a pivotal role for the economic production of several value-added products and biofuels with safe environment. Different pretreatment techniques and enzymatic hydrolysis process along with the characterization of cell wall components have been discussed broadly. The following features of this book attribute its distinctiveness: This book comprehensively covers the improvement in methodologies for the biomass pretreatment, hemicellulose and cellulose breakdown into fermentable sugars, the analytical methods for biomass characterization, and bioconversion of cellulosics into biofuels. In addition, mechanistic analysis of biomass pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis have been discussed in details, highlighting key factors influencing these processes at industrial scale.

Download or read book Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases written by Deepak K. Tuli and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-04-01 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Current Status and Future Scope of Microbial Cellulases not only explores the present and future of cellulase production, it also compares solid state fermentation (SSF) and submerged fermentation (SMF) for cellulase production. Chapters explore bioprocess engineering, metabolic engineering and genetic engineering approaches for enhanced cellulase production, including the application of cellulase for biofuel production. This important resource presents current technical status and the future direction of advances in cellulase production, including application of cellulases in different sectors. - Covers the present industrial scenarios and future prospect of cellulase production - Describes the molecular structure of cellulase - Explores genetic engineering, metabolic engineering and other approaches for improved cellulase production - Includes different applications of cellulases, including their application in the bioenergy sector

Download or read book Food Biotechnology Principles and Practices written by Vinod K. Joshi and published by I K International Pvt Ltd. This book was released on 2012-03-10 with total page 930 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the course of Food Biotechnology adopted by various universities. The book is primarily meant for undergraduate and postgraduate classes as a Reference-cum-Textbook. It would be very useful both from teaching and research point of view. All the chapters in the book are contributed by the experts in their respective fields of research. These are intended to equip the readers with the basics and applied research in food biotechnology. To make concepts more clear, the contents have been divided into following sections. The aim is to develop an authentic account of biotechnology in the food industry and stimulate research in food biotechnology. Unlike the past, the present food industry is profitably deriving benefits from bioengineering. These applied aspects are covered so that the students could take relevant assignments in the food industry. It also highlights future needs of research on the various aspects of food biotechnology. The book includes topics like biosensors, biocolours, biopreservatives, probiotics, genetically modified foods and microbial flavours. The book addresses various disciplines of food microbiology, food biotechnology, food engineering and postharvest technology.

Download or read book Recent Advancement in White Biotechnology Through Fungi written by Ajar Nath Yadav and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-10-01 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last decade considerable progress has been made in white biotechnology research and further major scientific and technological breakthroughs are expected in the future. The first large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have been in the areas of food and animal feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and in pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the productions of bioactive compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion are known as industrial or white biotchnology. The fungi are ubiquitous in nature and have been sorted out from different habitats, including extreme environments (high temperature, low temperature, salinity and pH); and associated with plants (Epiphytic, Endophytic and Rhizospheric). The fungal strains are beneficial as well as harmful for human beings. The beneficial fungal strains may play important roles in the agricultural, industrial, and medical sectors. The fungal strains and its product (enzymes, bioactive compounds, and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry (e.g., the discovery of penicillin from Penicillium chrysogenum). This discovery was a milestone in the development of white biotechnology as the industrial production of penicillin and antibiotics using fungi moved industrial biotechnology into the modern era, transforming it into a global industrial technology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors providing both high value nutraceutical and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bioactive compounds also play an important role in environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest research developments related to value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.