Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Plume Particle Size Measurements Using Multiple Optical Techniques in a Probe written by John R. Manser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation to measure particle size distributions in the plume of sub-scale solid rocket motors was conducted. A phase-Doppler particle analyzer (pDPA) in conjunction with three-wavelength extinction measurements were used in a specially designed particle collection probe in an attempt to determine the entire plume particle size distribution. In addition, a laser ensemble particle sizer was used for comparative data. The PDPA and Malvem distributions agreed in the observed modes near 1 and 4.5 mm diameter (d). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of collected particles were in good agreement with the measured Malvem Sauter Mean diameter (d, %) of 2.59 mm. Data analysis indicate that less than 3% of the total mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameter d

Download or read book Solid Rocket Motor Plume Particle Size Measurements Using Multiple Optical Techniques in a Probe written by John R. Manser and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experimental investigation to measure particle size distributions in the plume of sub-scale solid rocket motors was conducted. A phase-Doppler particle analyzer (pDPA) in conjunction with three-wavelength extinction measurements were used in a specially designed particle collection probe in an attempt to determine the entire plume particle size distribution. In addition, a laser ensemble particle sizer was used for comparative data. The PDPA and Malvem distributions agreed in the observed modes near 1 and 4.5 mm diameter (d). Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures of collected particles were in good agreement with the measured Malvem Sauter Mean diameter (d, %) of 2.59 mm. Data analysis indicate that less than 3% of the total mass of the particles was contained in particles with diameter d

Download or read book Particle Size Measurements in Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle sizing interferometer measurement of particle size distributions, velocity and number density in samples of rocket propellant exhaust is described. Signal visibility and scattered intensity for individual particles was measured for a nominal size range of 0.3 to 6 micrometers. Calibration tests of the instrument were obtained by firing small propellant samples into a 20-cu cm chamber and comparing the measured particle size distributions with those obtained from estimates using multiple wavelength transmissometers and a commercial optical particle counter. Particle sizing interferometer estimates of particle size distributions and number densities required the development of models which could account for sample space dependence on particle size and illuminating fringe contrast variation. Results obtained by using these models on particle size data from calibration and rocket motor test firings show the need for well-controlled insitu perturbationless particle size measuring techniques for hostile environments.

Download or read book Multiple wavelength Transmission Measurements in Rocket Motor Plumes written by Hong-on Kim and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Subscale Solid Rocket Motor Infrared Signature and Particle Behavior written by John A. Racine and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Diagnostic Methods for Particle Property Measurements in Solid Rocket Motor Plumes written by W. M. Farmer and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: AN ANALYSIS OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR PARTICLE PROPERTY MEASUREMENTS IN SOLID ROCKET MOTOR EXHAUST PLUMES IS PRESENTED. Operational limitations of the fringe type dual scatter, transit time, and local oscillator systems are presented in detail. In addition, two particle sizing interferometer systems were evaluated. State-of-the-art optical systems are reviewed and evaluated for particle velocity, particle size, and number density measurements. Particle diffusion spectroscopy, Schlieren correlation, and the radiating particle velocimeter were examined and recommended for measurement of particle size, mass density, and particle temperature. An ultraviolet forward Mie scattering computer code was used to examine ultraviolet scattering patterns from particles. (Author).

Download or read book A Summary of Research 1995 written by United States. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 588 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Rocket Motor Using the Management of Scattered Light written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 63 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A previous study discussed the formulation of the theory for the scattering properties in the general case of particles of arbitrary size and refractive index occurring in a polydispersion of finite optical depth. Roberts and Webb concluded that three volume-surface mean diameter (Sauter) D sub 32 of the polydispersion may be determined from the intensity of diffraction scattered light from spherical particles. An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the feasibility of measuring the change in particle size across the exhaust nozzle of a small solid propellant rocket motor. Light scattering measurements were made at small forward angles at the entrance and exit of the exhaust nozzle. The experimental technique was found to be practical, especially if used in conjunction with measurements of transmitted light of multiple wave lengths. However, the determination of D sub 32 is difficult in the motor environment and is biased toward the larger particles in the size distribution. Particle size measurements were in reasonable agreement with sizes determined from collected exhaust products. Recommendations for further improvement of the apparatus are made. Keywords: Diffractively scattered light; Particle sizing.

Download or read book Particle Sizing in Solid Rocket Motors written by Douglas Lyle Hovland and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 103 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particle size distribution measurements were made with a Malvern 2600c forward laser light diffraction system across the exhaust nozzle entrance and exhaust plume of a small two-dimensional rocket motor. The solid propellants tested were GAP propellants containing 2.0% and 4.69% aluminum. Surface agglomeration of the aluminum, indicated by the in-motor results, was found to decrease as the motor chamber pressures were increased. At low pressures, increasing the aluminum loading with fixed total solids decreased the mean particle size at the nozzle entrance. Exhaust plume particle size was practically independent of nozzle inlet particle diameters, supporting the critical Weber number particle breakup theory. Initial validation of the Malvern 2600c measurements was accomplished by favorable comparison to exhaust plume particle distribution results obtained using a particle collection probe. Particle sizing; Solid propellant rocket engines; Light scattering; Theses.

Download or read book Validation and Implementation of Optical Diagnostics for Particle Sizing in Rocket Motors written by Paul V. Gomes and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 39 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aluminum oxide(Al2O3) particles of known size distribution were cast into a solid propellant which burned at temperatures less than the melting point of Al2O3. Thus, particles of known size distribution existed at the nozzle inlet and in the plume. Malvern particle sizing instruments were used to make measurements at these two location using a windowed subscale motor and the results were compared to the known distribution. In the motor, measurements were limited due to disruptive flow from the window purge gas. However, the unaffected larger modes were properly measured. In the plume, the measurements of the modes were quite accurate, but low signal strength resulted in some inaccuracies for the mass contained in each mode. A phase Doppler particle analyzer was adapted to an existing plume probe. Initial measurements at two radial locations were in good agreement with the expected size distribution.

Download or read book Compilation of Theses Abstracts October 1994 September 1995 written by United States. Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Particle Behavior in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors and Plumes written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The particle size distribution inside the combustion chamber and the changes that occurred across the exhaust nozzle were measured in a subscale solid propellant rocket motor with a 2% aluminized end-burning propellant grain and a highly underexpanded nozzle. A combination of diagnostic techniques were used. Size distributions in the exhaust plume were determined by a Single Particle Counter, a Malvern 2600 ensemble particle sizer, and by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) examinations of particles collected on a timed exposure impact probe. Size distributions inside the combustion chamber were determined by Malvern 2600 measurements through windows at the nozzle entrance, SEM examinations of particles collected from the nozzle entrance wall, and exhaust plume measurements of a helium quenched motor. It was determined that agglomeration processes dominated in the flow from the center of the combustion chamber up to the nozzle entrance. Particle breakup processes dominated particle behavior from the nozzle entrance, through the nozzle, and into the exhaust. Solid-Propellant; Rocket Motor; Particle Sizing.

Download or read book A Comparative Study of Particle Size Distributions Obtained by Stokes and Optical Diameter Measurements written by R. A. Wurzbach and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solid rocket motor performance is greatly influenced by the size of various solid ingredients such as that of the oxidizer or metal fuel. The particle size instrument of choice with the solid propellant industry in the past has been the Mine Safety Appliances Co. (MSA) particle size analyzer. The MSA measures equivalent stokes diameters by a combination of gravity and centrifugation. Unfortunately, this instrument is no longer commercially available, thus an urgent requirement exists in the solid propellant industry to find an alternative particle size instrument that will provide statistically similar results to the MSA. The HIAC Royco, PA-720, has been found by this laboratory to be a reliable particle size instrument. A direct comparison of the particle size distributions obtained by the MSA and the HIAC Royco instruments is presented. A microcomputer program was also developed for calculating various statistical means from the raw data of both instruments to aid in the representation of a particle size distribution. The data indicates that the HIAC Royco particle size distributions are more nearly log normal and more biased toward the coarse particles than the MSA data.

Download or read book A Combined Optical and Collection Probe for Solid Propellant Exhaust Particle Analysis written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined optical and collection probe for solid propellant rocket motor exhaust particle analysis was designed and utilized in initial experiments with a sub-scale rocket motor. Shock swallowing capabilities of the probe were verified under restricted motor operations using a schlieren system. Window purge and ejector design were shown to be capable of keeping the probe windows clean when the probe was placed approximately 14 nozzle diameters downstream of the exhaust nozzle. The exhaust deflection device allowed sampling to occur during the minimum time required to reach steady flow within the probe. A MALVERN Mastersizer was used for in situ measurements to the particles, and a collection filter at the aft end of the probe was partially successful in capturing the probe flow. Suggestions are made for probe improvements and future investigations. Theses.

Download or read book A Combined Optical and Collection Probe for Solid Propellant Exhaust Particle Analysis written by Timothy J. Eno and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A combined optical and collection probe for solid propellant rocket motor exhaust particle analysis was designed and utilized in initial experiments with a sub-scale rocket motor. Shock swallowing capabilities of the probe were verified under restricted motor operations using a schlieren system. Window purge and ejector design were shown to be capable of keeping the probe windows clean when the probe was placed approximately 14 nozzle diameters downstream of the exhaust nozzle. The exhaust deflection device allowed sampling to occur during the minimum time required to reach steady flow within the probe. A MALVERN Mastersizer was used for in situ measurements to the particles, and a collection filter at the aft end of the probe was partially successful in capturing the probe flow. Suggestions are made for probe improvements and future investigations. Theses.

Download or read book Application of Genetic Algorithms to In Situ Particle Sizing written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Particulates in the solid rocket exhaust plume cause rocket base heating, motor performance losses, and determine the plume spectral properties. The particle properties that contribute to these effects are the particle size distribution function (PSDF), emissivity, density, and surface tension. Of the four, the PSDF and emissivity are not very well known. Until an adequate model is developed for the PSDF and emissivity, in situ measurements will have to be made. This report reviews the motivation behind the design and development of an in situ optical probe, and discusses the development of the theory needed to make the measurements of the optical properties. It also develops an estimate of the sampling time required to make the measurements statistically meaningful. Consideration is given to the effects that the optical properties play in the scattering of light by the particles and scanning angles, and incident polarizations were chosen that would minimize these effects. PSDF is discussed, with recognition given to the degree of difficulty in applying analytic methods. Various optimization methods are discussed, especially Genetic Algorithms (GA). The report closes on the note that the PSDF was discernible by transforming it into the equivalent integrated mass distribution (IMD), and recommendations are given as to further improvements in the GA approach.

Download or read book Particle Sizing in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Using a Light Scattering Technique written by Michael G. Keith and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 59 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research was conducted to determine particle sizes across the nozzle of a small solid propellant rocket motor. Particle size was determined using light scattering techniques. The present optical components limit the lower measurable particle size to approximately three microns. During the investigation, spurious light was detected in the motor optical path. It was determined that transient pressure gradients in the motor during motor pressure rise resulted in deflection of the laser beam. Neutral burning propellant grains were shown to eliminate most of the observed difficulty. The use of a ring array in place of the linear array in the motor cavity measurement system is suggested for system improvement.