Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Mycorrhizal Fungal Diversity in Contrasting Agroecosytems written by Placid Mike Gabriel Mpeketula and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Carbon Dynamics Across Contrasting Temperate Agroecosystems written by Keunbae Kim and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perennial grain crops have been proposed as a sustainable alternative to conventional annual grain crops, since they potentially hold multiple desirable features including increased soil C sequestration and biodiversity, mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHGs), and reduction of water loss and others. These attributes are accomplished by their no-tillage management, longer growing season, and pervasive root systems. Nonetheless, the ramifications of implementing novel perennial grain cropping systems to the atmosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere remains elusive. In this research, comprehensive comparisons were made to enhance current understanding of how annual versus perennial grain cropping differ in soil organic matter (SOM) pools, GHGs emissions, and mycorrhizae (i.e., AMF). Five contrasting cropping systems --fallow, annual-grain, biennial-grain, perennial-grain, and perennial-forage -- were compared with and without N fertilizer addition. A randomized complete block design consisting of four replicates was initiated at sites located in Edmonton and Breton, Alberta, Canada. In addition to the replicate plots, two adjacent 4-ha fields, including annual vs. perennial grain crops, were set up for eddy covariance measurements at the Breton site. By doing so, it was expected that they address a limitation of the chamber measurements with respect to instantaneous and heterogeneous capture, as well as evapotranspiration (ET) comparison. As a result of SOC fractionation, perennial grain crops increased soil C concentration in both transitory and stable pools compared with annual grain compartments, although overall soil C sequestration occurred as a function of N fertilizer, cropping systems, and underlying soil texture. Moreover, substantial CH4 and CO2 uptake were observed in perennial grain cropping system compared with annual grain crops likely due to a shift to favorable GHGs sink conditions such as aeration-moisture balance, photosynthetic activity, and microbial decomposition. However, overall cumulative ET and associated ecosystem-water use efficiency were similar with between the two cropping systems. Lastly, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) community compositions between annual and perennial grain cropping systems exhibited no significant difference, likely due to the genetic similarity of two crops. In addition, the two contrasting study sites had different patterns of AMF alpha and beta diversity, which may be a result of differing inherent soil properties and management legacy effect across field sites. In sum, AMF communities appear to be impervious to annual vs perennial grain crops, rather their most pronounced difference are field site specific. In sum, my research has been conducted for an overall assessment of whether perennial grain crops play a multifunctional role in agroecosystems toward better sustainability.

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil written by Nancy Collins Johnson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizal Mediation of Soil: Fertility, Structure, and Carbon Storage offers a better understanding of mycorrhizal mediation that will help inform earth system models and subsequently improve the accuracy of global carbon model predictions. Mycorrhizas transport tremendous quantities of plant-derived carbon below ground and are increasingly recognized for their importance in the creation, structure, and function of soils. Different global carbon models vary widely in their predictions of the dynamics of the terrestrial carbon pool, ranging from a large sink to a large source. This edited book presents a unique synthesis of the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems, as well as a clear examination of new discoveries and challenges for the future, to inform land management practices that preserve or increase below ground carbon storage. Synthesizes the abundance of research on the influence of environmental change on mycorrhizas across a wide range of ecosystems from a variety of leading international researchers Focuses on the specific role of mycorrhizal fungi in soil processes, with an emphasis on soil development and carbon storage, including coverage of cutting-edge methods and perspectives Includes a chapter in each section on future avenues for further study

Download or read book Agricultural Systems Agroecology and Rural Innovation for Development written by Sieglinde Snapp and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-02-17 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Agricultural Systems, Second Edition, is a comprehensive text for developing sustainable farming systems. It presents a synthetic overview of the emerging area of agroecology applications to transforming farming systems and supporting rural innovation, with particular emphasis on how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture. The inclusion of research theory and examples using the principles of cropping system design allows students to gain a unique understanding of the technical, biological, ecological, economic and sociological aspects of farming systems science for rural livelihoods. This book explores topics such as: re-inventing farming systems; principles and practice of agroecology; agricultural change and low-input technology; ecologically-based nutrient management; participatory breeding for developing improved and relevant crops; participatory livestock research for development; gender and agrarian inequality at the local scale; the nature of agricultural innovation; and outreach to support rural innovation. The extensive coverage of subjects is complemented with integrated references and a companion website, making this book essential reading for courses in international agricultural systems and management, sustainable agricultural management, and cropping systems. This book will be a valuable resource for students of agricultural science, environmental engineering, and rural planning; researchers and scientists in agricultural development agencies; and practitioners of agricultural development in government extension programs, development agencies, and NGOs. Provides students with an enhanced understanding of how research can be harnessed for sustainable agriculture Incorporates social, biological, chemical, and geographical aspects important to agroecology Addresses social and development issues related to farming systems

Download or read book Dynamics of Soil Organic Matter in Tropical Ecosystems written by David C. Coleman and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constituents of organic matter in temperate and tropical soils. Soil organic matter as a source and a sink of plant nUtrients. Interactions of soil organic matter and variable-charge clays. Biological processes regulating organic matter dynamics in tropical soils.

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Fungi Use in Sustainable Agriculture and Land Restoration written by Zakaria M. Solaiman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-12-29 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores the various functions and potential applications of mycorrhizas, including topics such as the dynamics of root colonization, soil carbon sequestration and the function of mycorrhizas in extreme environments. Some contributions focus on the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in various crop production processes, including soil management practices, their use as biofertilizers and in relation to medicinal plants. Other chapters elucidate the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the alleviation of plant water stress and of heavy metal toxicity, in the remediation of saline soils, in mining-site rehabilitation and in the reforestation of degraded tropical forests. In addition to their impact in ecosystems, the economic benefits of applying arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are discussed. A final chapter describes recent advances in the cultivation of edible mycorrhizal mushrooms.

Download or read book The Future of Soil Carbon written by Carlos Garcia and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-04-10 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Future of Soil Carbon: Its Conservation and Formation provides readers with an integrative approach to understanding the important role of organic carbon in soil functioning and fertility. Terrestrial interactions between SOC and complex human-natural systems require new fundamental and applied research into regional and global SOC budgets. This book provides new and synthesized information on the dynamics of SOC in the terrestrial environment. In addition to rigorous state-of-the art on soil science, the book also provides strategies to avoid risks of soil carbon losses. Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a vital component of soils, with important and far-reaching effects on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. Human activities over the last several decades have significantly changed the regional and global balance of SOC, greatly exacerbating global warming and climate change. Provides a holistic overview of soil carbon status and main threats for its conservation Offers innovative solutions to conserve soil carbon Includes in-depth treatment of regional and global changes in soil organic carbon budget

Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregate Dynamics in a Long term Agroecosystem written by Bethanie Hooker and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Dynamics in Ecological Systems written by Michael F. Allen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-04-14 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mycorrhizae are mutualisms between plants and fungi that evolved over 400 million years ago. This symbiotic relationship commenced with land invasion, and as new groups evolved, new organisms developed with varying adaptations to changing conditions. Based on the author's 50 years of knowledge and research, this book characterizes mycorrhizae through the most rapid global environmental changes in human history. It applies that knowledge in many different scenarios, from restoring strip mines in Wyoming and shifting agriculture in the Yucatán, to integrating mutualisms into science policy in California and Washington, D.C. Toggling between ecological theory and natural history of a widespread and long-lived symbiotic relationship, this interdisciplinary volume scales from structure-function and biochemistry to ecosystem dynamics and global change. This remarkable study is of interest to a wide range of students, researchers, and land-use managers.

Download or read book Plant Diversity Effect on Soil Carbon Dynamics written by Xinli Chen and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a valuable natural resource, supplying goods and services for human benefits, including mediating global climate change and securing food production and environmental quality. Biodiversity loss across multi-taxa is at an alarming rate globally. Recent advances have been made in our understanding of the negative impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystem production. The higher biomass production in species-rich communities is expected to enhance plant litter inputs to soils for SOC formation. Despite the critical importance of SOC and Rs in the global carbon and nutrient cycles, our understanding of the effects of plant diversity on SOC and soil respiration (Rs) remains equivocal. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide the first global-scale estimates of changes in Rs and SOC storage in response to global plant diversity loss, and to mechanistically understand the effects of plant mixtures on soil carbon dynamics. In my first study, I examined the global effects of plant litter alterations on soil carbon release. By presenting a meta-analysis of 100 published studies to examine the responses of Rs to manipulated aboveground and belowground litter alterations. I found that aboveground litter addition increased Rs, while aboveground litter removal, root removal and litter + root removal reduced Rs, respectively. Estimated from the studies that simultaneously tested the responses of Rs to aboveground litter addition and removal and assuming negligible changes in root-derived Rs, "priming effect" on average accounted for 7.3% of Rs and increased over time. My meta-analysis indicates that priming effects should be considered in predicting Rs to climate change-induced increases in litterfall. This analysis also highlights the need to incorporate spatial climate gradient in projecting long-term Rs responses to litter alterations.

Download or read book Soil Microbial Activity and Organic Carbon Dynamics in Low Input Agroecosystems written by Sean Alaric Bloszies and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil organic carbon dynamics and carbon sequestration in a semiarid Mediterranean agroecosystem written by Francisco Joaquín Morell Soler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 149 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Organic Carbon Dynamics and Carbon Sequestration in a Semiarid Mediterranean Agroecosystem Effects of Conservation Tillage and Nitrogen Fertilization written by Francisco Joaquín Morell Soler and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America written by Mónica A. Lugo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-27 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to feed the world, global agriculture will have to double food production by 2050. As a result, the use of soils with fertilizers and pesticides in agronomic ecosystems will increase, taking into account the sustainability of these systems and also the provision of food security. Thus, soil ecosystems, their health, and their quality are directly involved in sustainable agronomical practices, and it is important to recognize the important role of soil microbial communities such as mycorrhizal fungi, their biodiversity, interactions, and functioning. Soil ecosystems are under the threat of biodiversity loss due to an increase of cultivated areas and agronomic exploitation intensity. Also, changes in land use alter the structure and function of ecosystems where biodiversity is vital in the ecosystem. Soils are a major aid in food production in all terrestrial ecosystems; however, this means they are also involved in gas emission and global warming. Thus, in agronomic ecosystems, several mitigation practices have been proposed to promote the increase of carbon soil stock, and the reduction of warming gas emission from soils. In South America, most of the rural population depends economically on agriculture and usually works in family units. New, organic, safe, and sustainable agro-forestry practices must be applied to support local communities and countries to achieve hunger eradication, rural poverty reduction, and sustainable development. This book compiles new information for mycorrhizal occurrence in natural and anthropic environments in South America. It includes new reports of mycorrhizal fungi diversity along different mycorrhizal types and their effect on plant communities, plant invasions, the use of mycorrhizal fungi for ecological and sustainable studies, management programs of natural and agroecosystems, and forestry and food-secure production. This book fills the gaps in biodiversity knowledge, management and safe food production of mycorrhizas. It should be a valuable help to researchers, professors and students, to aid in use of mycorrhizal fungi while also focusing on their biodiversity, sustainable safe food production, and conservation perspectives.

Download or read book Soil Conditions and Plant Growth written by Peter J. Gregory and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-03-04 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Building on the extremely successful and popular Russell’s Soil Conditions and Plant Growth, Wiley-Blackwell is pleased to publish this completely revised and updated edition of the soil science classic. Covering all aspects of the interactions between plant and soil, Peter Gregory and Stephen Nortcliff, along with their team of internationally-known and respected authors, provide essential reading for all students and professionals studying and working in agriculture and soil science. Subject areas covered range from crop science and genetics; soil fertility and organic matter; nitrogen and phosphoros cycles and their management; properties and management of plant nutrients; water and the soil physical environment and its management; plants and change processes in soils; management of the soil/plant system; and new challenges including food, energy and water security in a changing environment. Providing a very timely account on how better to understand and manage the many interactions that occur between soils and plants, Soil Conditions and Plant Growth is sure to become the book of choice - as a recommended text for students and as an invaluable reference for those working or entering into the industry. An essential purchase for all universities and research establishments where agricultural, soil, and environmental sciences are studied and taught.

Download or read book Towards an Improved Understanding of how Roots and Mycorrhizal Fungi Influence Soil Organic Matter Dynamics in Temperate Forests written by Katilyn Victoria Beidler and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forest soils help slow the pace of climate change by storing more carbon (C) than they release back to the atmosphere, but the degree to which soil will persist as C sinks remains uncertain. A key reason for this uncertainty relates to knowledge gaps about how roots and their associated microbes (including symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi) influence soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics. Roots and mycorrhizal fungi can participate in both the storage and release of soil C by modifying the activity of free-living bacterial and fungal decomposers. My dissertation research addresses how roots, and their mycorrhizal fungal symbionts contribute to soil C storage and loss through their effects on decay processes. I found that living roots and mycorrhizal fungi can slow litter decay in temperate forests by competing with free living microbial decomposers for soil resources. I demonstrate that the initial chemical quality of litter inputs can modify both the suppressive effects of living mycorrhizal roots on decay and the fate of root litter derived C in SOM. I show that depending on initial litter chemistry and decay stage, root inputs might stimulate the decomposition of older SOM or enhance the accumulation of new C in stable SOM pools. I found that the decomposition of dead mycorrhizal fungal biomass (necromass) depends more on the initial chemical quality of the fungi than the soil environment in which it decays and that fungal necromass fosters a unique community of microbial decomposers which was similar across sites differing in their vegetation and soil conditions. These findings further our understanding of context‐dependent drivers of root-mycorrhizal-microbial interactions and demonstrate that such interactions can play an underappreciated role in soil C storage and loss in temperate forests.