Download or read book Remote Sensing of Drought written by Brian D. Wardlow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 487 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered throughout the literature and across many disciplines. Featuring contributions by leading scientists, it assembles a cross-section of globally applicable techniques that are currently operational or have potential to be operational in the near future. The book explores a range of applications for monitoring four critical components of the hydrological cycle related to drought: vegetation health, evapotranspiration, soil moisture and groundwater, and precipitation. These applications use remotely sensed optical, thermal, microwave, radar, and gravity data from instruments such as AMSR-E, GOES, GRACE, MERIS, MODIS, and Landsat and implement several advanced modeling and data assimilation techniques. Examples show how to integrate this information into routine drought products. The book also examines the role of satellite remote sensing within traditional drought monitoring, as well as current challenges and future prospects. Improving drought monitoring is becoming increasingly important in addressing a wide range of societal issues, from food security and water scarcity to human health, ecosystem services, and energy production. This unique book surveys innovative remote sensing approaches to provide you with new perspectives on large-area drought monitoring and early warning.

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Drought written by Brian D. Wardlow and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2012-04-24 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remote Sensing of Drought: Innovative Monitoring Approaches presents emerging remote sensing-based tools and techniques that can be applied to operational drought monitoring and early warning around the world. The first book to focus on remote sensing and drought monitoring, it brings together a wealth of information that has been scattered through

Download or read book Soil Moisture and Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing written by David L. B. Jupp and published by . This book was released on 1998-01-01 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Hydrological Extremes written by Venkat Lakshmi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-03 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides in-depth coverage of the latest in remote sensing of hydrological extremes: both floods and droughts. The book is divided into two distinct sections – floods and droughts – and offers a variety of techniques for monitoring each. With rapid advances in computer modelling and observing systems, floods and droughts are studied with greater precision today than ever before. Land surface models, especially over the entire Continental United States, can map the hydrological cycle at kilometre and sub-kilometre scales. In the case of smaller areas there is even higher spatial resolution and the only limiting factor is the resolution of input data. In-situ sensors are automated and the data is directly relayed to the world wide web for many hydrological variables such as precipitation, soil moisture, surface temperature and heat fluxes. In addition, satellite remote sensing has advanced to providing twice a day repeat observations at kilometre to ten-kilometre spatial scales. We are at a critical juncture in the study of hydrological extremes, and the GPM and SMAP missions as well as the MODIS and GRACE sensors give us more tools and data than were ever available before. A global variety of chapter authors provides wide-ranging perspectives and case studies that will make this book an indispensable resource for researchers, engineers, and even emergency management and insurance professionals who study and/or manage hydrological extremes.

Download or read book Remote Sensing Techniques for Soil Moisture and Agricultural Drought Monitoring written by Lingli Wang and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drought is the most complex and least understood of all natural hazards, affecting more people than any other hazard. Soil moisture is a primary indicator for agricultural drought. This dissertation is aimed at evaluating and investigating soil moisture and drought monitoring using remote sensing techniques. Recent technological advances in remote sensing have shown that soil moisture can be measured by a variety of remote sensing techniques, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. This research is designed to combine the strengths of optical/infrared as well as microwave remote sensing approaches for soil moisture estimation. A soil moisture estimation algorithm at moderate resolution was developed based on the well known "Universal Triangle" relation by using MODIS land parameters as well as ground measured soil moisture. Though lower in spatial resolution, AMSR-E microwave measurements provides daily global soil moisture of the top soil layer, which are typically less affected by clouds, making them complementary to MODIS measurements over regions of clouds. Considering that the "Universal Triangle" approach for soil moisture estimation is based on empirical relations which lack solid physical basis, a new physics based drought index, the Normalized Multi-band Drought Index (NMDI) was proposed for monitoring soil and vegetation moisture from space by using one near-infrared (NIR) and two shortwave infrared (SWIR) channels. Typical soil reflectance spectra and satellite acquired canopy reflectances are used to validate the usefulness of NMDI. Its ability for active fire detection has also been investigated using forest fires burning in southern Georgia, USA and southern Greece in 2007. Combining information from multiple NIR and SWIR channels makes NMDI a most promising indicator for drought monitoring and active fire detecting. Given the current technology, satellite remote sensing can only provide soil moisture measurements for the top soil profile, and these near-surface soil moisture must be related to the complete soil moisture profile in the unsaturated zone in order to be useful for hydrologic, climatic and agricultural studies. A new numerical method was presented to solve the governing equation for water transport in unsaturated soil by matching physical and numerical diffusion. By applying a new numerical scheme with which to discrete the kinematic wave equation on the space-time plane, this method shows the capability to simulate the physical diffusion of the diffusive wave with the numerical diffusion generated in the difference solution under certain conditions. Compared with other numerical methods with the first-order finite differences scheme, this method has enhanced the solution precision to the second order. An example application shows a good agreement with the observed data and suggests this new approach can be appropriate for soil moisture profile estimation. By combining the proposed soil moisture and drought estimation techniques, the daily soil moisture profile at high resolution can be gained, and is thus expected to be helpful not only in drought monitoring and active fire detecting, but also in agricultural applications and climate studies

Download or read book Global Drought and Flood written by Huan Wu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods Droughts and floods are causing increasing damage worldwide, often with devastating short- and long-term impacts on human society. Forecasting when they will occur, monitoring them as they develop, and learning from the past to improve disaster management is vital. Global Drought and Flood: Observation, Modeling, and Prediction presents recent advances in the modeling and remote sensing of droughts and floods. It also describes the techniques and products currently available and how they are being used in practice. Volume highlights include: Remote sensing approaches for mapping droughts and floods Physical and statistical models for monitoring and forecasting hydrologic hazards Features of various drought and flood systems and products Use by governments, humanitarian, and development stakeholders in recent disaster cases Improving the collaboration between hazard information provision and end users The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.

Download or read book Drought Assessment written by R. Nagarajan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-09-08 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information-based decision-making during drought, often brings out some of the excellent practices that are prevalent in society / individuals. This book is designed to provide information on the drought process, meteorological, hydrological, agriculture, socio-economic aspects and available technologies such as satellite remote sensing data analysis and Geographical Information system for assessment. Assessment procedures utilising the various parameters of importance from various sources for micro level management that would enhance the effectiveness of management practice are dealt in detail. Resource availability and affected group determine the relief assistance for the present event and information that would help them in their realisation and preparedness for the forthcoming years by select countries is highlighted. This would help in the formulation of schemes for event mitigation and area development plans. The readers would gain complete knowledge on drought. This book is expected to act as a guide in preparing people as effective natural resource utilizationist under drought situations.

Download or read book Monitoring and Predicting Agricultural Drought written by Vijendra K. Boken and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 495 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Basic concepts and drought analysis. Remote sensing. NOAA/AVHRR satellite data-based indices for monitoring agricultural droughts. The Americas. Europe, Russia, and the near east. Asia and Australia. International efforts and climate change.

Download or read book The Use of Remote Sensing Data for Drought Assessment and Monitoring in Southwest Asia written by Prasad Srinivasa Thenkabail and published by IWMI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes the development of the near real-time drought monitoring and reporting system for the region, which currently includes Afghanistan, Pakistan and western parts of India. The system is based on drought-related indices derived from high-resolution remote-sensing data (MODIS). The unique feature of the study is the development of regression relationships between drought-related indices obtained from MODIS and AVHRR data, which have different pixel-resolution and optical characteristics. The goal is to make the system available, via Internet, to all stakeholders in the region.

Download or read book Towards Locally Relevant Global Soil Moisture Monitoring Leveraging Remote Sensing and Modeling for Water Resources Applications written by Noemi Vergopolan da Rocha and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accurate and detailed soil moisture estimates can critically shape cross-sectoral water resources decision-making. From local to regional scales, monitoring of agricultural water demands, droughts, floods, landslides, and wildfires can benefit from high-resolution soil moisture information. However, soil moisture highly varies in space and time, and as a result, it is challenging to obtain detailed information at the stakeholder-relevant spatial scales. This dissertation leverages advances in satellite remote sensing, hyper-resolution land surface modeling, high-performance computing, and machine learning to bridge this data gap. Chapter 2 introduces a novel cluster-based Bayesian merging scheme that combines NASA's SMAP satellite observations and hyper-resolution land surface modeling for obtaining satellite-based surface soil moisture retrievals at an unprecedented 30-m spatial resolution. This approach's scalability and accuracy are demonstrated in Chapter 3 by introducing SMAP-HydroBlocks, the first satellite-based surface soil moisture dataset at a 30-m resolution over the United States (2015-2019). Using this dataset, Chapter 4 assesses the multi-scale properties of soil moisture spatial variability and the persistence of this variability across spatial scales. This analysis maps where detailed information is critical for solving water, energy, and carbon scale-dependent processes and how much variability is lost when data is only available at coarse spatial scales. Using machine learning, Chapter 5 demonstrates the value of high-resolution soil moisture for drought monitoring and crop yield prediction at farmer's field scales (250-m resolution). This dissertation provides a novel pathway towards global monitoring of water resources' dynamics at locally relevant spatial scales.

Download or read book Drought and Water Crises written by Donald A. Wilhite and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-22 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today the world is facing a greater water crisis than ever. Droughts of lesser magnitude are resulting in greater impact. Even in years with normal precipitation, water shortages have become widespread in both developing and developed nations, in humid as well as arid climates. When faced with severe drought, governments become eager to act. Unfort

Download or read book Methods of Soil Analysis Part 4 written by Jacob H. Dane and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2020-05-27 with total page 1744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The best single reference for both the theory and practice of soil physical measurements, Methods, Part 4 adopts a more hierarchical approach to allow readers to easily find their specific topic or measurement of interest. As such it is divided into eight main chapters on soil sampling and statistics, the solid, solution, and gas phases, soil heat, solute transport, multi-fluid flow, and erosion. More than 100 world experts contribute detailed sections.

Download or read book Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Iraq written by Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2020-09-13 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book focuses on remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) in Iraq. The environmental applications include monitoring and mapping soil salinity and prediction of soil properties, monitoring and mapping of land threats, proximal sensing for soil monitoring and soil fertility, spatiotemporal land use/cover, agricultural drought monitoring, hydrological applications including spatial rainfall distribution, surface runoff and drought control, geo-morphometric analysis and flood simulation, hydrologic and hydraulic modelling and the effective management of water resources. Also, this book assesses the impacts of climate change on natural resources using both RS and GIS, as well as other applications, covering different parts of Iraq. The book chapters include tens of maps extracted from the remotely sensed datasets, in addition to tables and statistical relations obtained from the results of the studies of the chapters' authors. These studies have been conducted in different parts of Iraq; in the north (Kurdistan region) with its mountainous and undulating lands, in western parts which have desert soils, and in central and southern Iraq where there are salty soils, dunes, wetlands, and marshes. The book is written by distinguished scientists from Iraq, China, USA, Italy, Iran, Germany, and the Czech Republic who are interested in the Iraqi environment. The book is therefore a useful source of information and knowledge on Iraqi environment for graduate students, researchers, policy planners, and stakeholders in Iraq as well as similar regions.

Download or read book Frameworks for Improving Multi Index Drought Monitoring Using Remote Sensing Observations written by Alireza Farahmand and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overarching goal of this dissertation is to improve current capabilities in drought monitoring using space-based observations, with a focus on integrating remotely sensed data products that are not commonly being used for drought monitoring. The first chapter of this dissertation, surveys current and emerging drought monitoring approaches using remotely-sensed observations from climatological and ecosystem perspectives. Current and future satellite missions offer opportunities to develop composite and multi-sensor (or multi-index) drought assessment models. While there are immense opportunities, there are major challenges including data continuity, unquantified uncertainty, sensor changes, and community acceptability. One of the major limitations of many of the currently available satellite observations is their short length of record. However, they still provide valuable information about relevant hydrologic and ecological processes linked to this natural hazard. Therefore, there is a need for models and algorithms that combine multiple data sets and/or assimilate satellite observations into model simulations to generate long-term climate data records. To address this gap, Chapter 2 introduces Standardized Drought Analysis Toolbox (SDAT), which includes a generalized framework for deriving nonparametric univariate and multivariate standardized drought indices. Current indicators suffer from deficiencies including some prior distributional assumption, temporal inconsistency, and statistical incomparability. Most drought indicators rely on a representative parametric probability distribution function that fits the data. However, a parametric distribution function may not fit the data, especially in continental/global scale studies. Particularly, when the sample size is relatively small as in the case of many satellite precipitation products. SDAT is based on a nonparametric framework that can be applied to different climatic variables including precipitation, soil moisture and relative humidity, without having to assume representative parametric distributions. The most attractive feature of the framework is that it leads to statistically consistent drought indicators based on different variables. We show that using SDAT with satellite observation leads to more reliable drought information, compared to the commonly used parametric methods.We argue that satellite observations not currently used for operational drought monitoring, such as near-surface air relative humidity data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) mission, provide opportunities to improve early drought warning. In the third chapter of this dissertation, we outline a new drought monitoring framework for early drought onset detection using AIRS relative humidity data. The early warning and onset detection of drought is of particular importance for effective agriculture and water resource management. Previous studies show that the Standard Precipitation Index (SPI), a measure of precipitation deficit, detects drought onset earlier than other indicators. Here satellite-based near surface air relative humidity data can further improve drought onset detection and early warning. This chapter introduces the Standardized Relative Humidity Index (SRHI) based on the NASA's AIRS observations. SRHI relies on SDAT's nonparametric framework, introduced in Chapter 2. The results indicate that the SRHI typically detects the drought onset earlier than SPI. While the AIRS mission was not originally designed for drought monitoring, its relative humidity data offers a new and unique avenue for drought monitoring and early warning. Early warning aspects of SRHI may have merit for integration into current drought monitoring systems.One of the research opportunities identified in Chapter 1 is using current (and future) satellite missions to develop composite and multi-indicator drought models. In Chapter 4, we outline a framework for assessing impacts of droughts on forest health using a multi-sensor approach. This framework relies on the relationship between climate conditions (e.g., temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, Vapor Pressure Deficit) and forest health based on greenness of vegetation. Wildfires, tree mortality and forest productivity increase during drought periods. Using the proposed multi-index approach, Chapter 4 aims to investigate the effects of recent summer, dry-season and winter droughts on the forest health in western United States. We use Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) as an indicator that combines temperature and relative humidity for forest stress assessment. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is commonly used for assessing vegetation health. During summer and growing season, VPD values are generally high. The results show that the VPD and NDVI provide consistent information on forest health. In addition to VPD, we use conditional probability of NDVI in high temperature and low relative humidity percentiles over the summer and the growing season. We show that combining temperature and relative humidity using a conditional probability approach offers multi-sensor information on forest condition. During winter, on the other hand, VPD and temperature is relatively lower. NDVI distributions in winter were found to be more associated with precipitation as opposed to relative humidity and temperature. We believe the a joint indicator based on temperature and relative humidity can be considered as a link between climate condition and actual impact on the ecosystem. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Download or read book Remote Sensing of Hydrometeorological Hazards written by George P. Petropoulos and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-02 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Extreme weather and climate change aggravate the frequency and magnitude of disasters. Facing atypical and more severe events, existing early warning and response systems become inadequate both in scale and scope. Earth Observation (EO) provides today information at global, regional and even basin scales related to agrometeorological hazards. This book focuses on drought, flood, frost, landslides, and storms/cyclones and covers different applications of EO data used from prediction to mapping damages as well as recovery for each category. It explains the added value of EO technology in comparison with conventional techniques applied today through many case studies.

Download or read book Environmental Remote Sensing and GIS in Iraq written by Ayad M. Fadhil Al-Quraishi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-08-29 with total page 529 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique book focuses on remote sensing (RS) and geographical information systems (GIS) in Iraq. The environmental applications include monitoring and mapping soil salinity and prediction of soil properties, monitoring and mapping of land threats, proximal sensing for soil monitoring and soil fertility, spatiotemporal land use/cover, agricultural drought monitoring, hydrological applications including spatial rainfall distribution, surface runoff and drought control, geo-morphometric analysis and flood simulation, hydrologic and hydraulic modelling and the effective management of water resources. Also, this book assesses the impacts of climate change on natural resources using both RS and GIS, as well as other applications, covering different parts of Iraq. The book chapters include tens of maps extracted from the remotely sensed datasets, in addition to tables and statistical relations obtained from the results of the studies of the chapters' authors. These studies have been conducted in different parts of Iraq; in the north (Kurdistan region) with its mountainous and undulating lands, in western parts which have desert soils, and in central and southern Iraq where there are salty soils, dunes, wetlands, and marshes. The book is written by distinguished scientists from Iraq, China, USA, Italy, Iran, Germany, and the Czech Republic who are interested in the Iraqi environment. The book is therefore a useful source of information and knowledge on Iraqi environment for graduate students, researchers, policy planners, and stakeholders in Iraq as well as similar regions.

Download or read book Agro geoinformatics written by Liping Di and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-12 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume collects and presents the fundamentals, tools, and processes of utilizing geospatial information technologies to process remotely sensed data for use in agricultural monitoring and management. The issues related to handling digital agro-geoinformation, such as collecting (including field visits and remote sensing), processing, storing, archiving, preservation, retrieving, transmitting, accessing, visualization, analyzing, synthesizing, presenting, and disseminating agro-geoinformation have never before been systematically documented in one volume. The book is edited by International Conference on Agro-Geoinformatics organizers Dr. Liping Di (George Mason University), who coined the term “Agro-Geoinformatics” in 2012, and Dr. Berk Üstündağ (Istanbul Technical University) and are uniquely positioned to curate and edit this foundational text. The book is composed of eighteen chapters that can each stand alone but also build on each other to give the reader a comprehensive understanding of agro-geoinformatics and what the tools and processes that compose the field can accomplish. Topics covered include land parcel identification, image processing in agricultural observation systems, databasing and managing agricultural data, crop status monitoring, moisture and evapotranspiration assessment, flood damage monitoring, agricultural decision support systems and more.