Download or read book Soil Hydroclimate Vegetation and Substrate Controls on Carbon Flux in an Alaskan Fen written by Molly R. Conlin and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Soil Hydroclimate Vegetation and Substrate Controls on Carbon Flux in an Alaskan Pen written by Molly R. Conlin and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 282 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book BIOGEOCHEMICAL RESPONSE TO VEGETATION AND HYDROLOGIC CHANGE IN AN ALASKAN BOREAL FEN ECOSYSTEM written by and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract : Boreal peatlands store approximately one third of the earth's terrestrial carbon, locked away in currently waterlogged and frozen conditions. Peatlands of boreal and arctic ecosystems are affected increasingly by shifting hydrology caused by climate change. The consequences of these relatively rapid ecosystem changes on carbon cycling between the landscape and the atmosphere could provide an amplifying feedback to climate warming. Alternatively, the advancement of terrestrial vegetation into once waterlogged soils could uptake carbon as a sink. Previous work suggests that fens will become an increasingly dominant landscape feature in the boreal. However, studies investigating fens, their response to hydrologic and vegetative change, and their carbon cycling dynamics are relatively few compared with other peatland types. This research investigates the biological and geochemical controls over carbon dioxide and methane cycling in a central Alaskan rich fen. The research concentrates on how these processes react to changes in water table and vegetation composition. The objectives of this body of research were to 1) Gain insights on how water table change affects carbon dioxide and methane transformation in a boreal rich fen from the pore water to the atmosphere; 2) Assess the mechanistic controls of specific boreal rich fen plant functional groups on carbon cycling; and 3) Profile the microbial community of a boreal rich fen and report on its response to water table change and specific plant functional groups. Although the oxidation of methane is prevalent in the studied rich fen, a raised water table and associated root exudates from greater sedge abundance fuels greater methane production than oxidation, for a net effect of greater methane production. However, the net methane that is released from the fen site is likely diminished compared with expected emissions due to the oxidizing nature of sedge, grass, and horsetail rhizospheres. Methanogens may also be in competition with other microorganisms for metabolic resources in this fen, which is recharged by the cyclic rewetting characteristic of these ecosystems. Overall, fens as a peatland type appear to have a resilience buffer in their carbon cycling response to hydrologic change more so than other peatland types.
Download or read book Hydrologic Controls on Carbon Cycling in Alaskan Coastal Temperate Rainforest Soils written by David V. D'Amore and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The northern perhumid North American Pacific coastal temperate rainforest (NCTR) extends along the coastal margin of British Columbia and southeast Alaska and has some of the densest carbon stocks in the world. Northern temperate ecosystems such as the NCTR play an important role in the global balance of carbon flows between atmospheric and terrestrial pools. However, there is little information on key components of the forest carbon budget in this region. Specifically, the large pool of soluble carbon that is transferred from soils via streamwater as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) certainly plays a role in the total carbon balance in wet forests such as the NCTR. In order to address this information gap, I applied the concept of hydropedology to define functional landscape units based on soil type to quantify soil carbon fluxes and apply these estimates to a conceptual model for determining the carbon balance in three NCTR watersheds. The hydrologic gradient among ecosystem types served as a template for defining hydropedologic units for constructing a conceptual approach to constrain carbon budget estimates in entire watersheds. Replicated hydropedologic units were identified in three classes: sloping bogs, forested wetlands, and uplands. Estimates of annual soil respiration and DOC fluxes from the hydropedologic types were obtained through seasonal measurements combined with temperature-dependent models. Soil respiration fluxes varied significantly among the hydropedologic types, where soil respiration was 78, 178, and 235 g CO2 m−2 y−1 in sloping bogs, forested wetlands, and uplands, respectively. Average DOC flux from sloping bogs, forested wetlands, and uplands was 7.7, 30.3, and 33.0 g C m−2 y−1, respectively. These estimates of carbon export from the terrestrial ecosystem were combined with values of net primary productivity from remote sensing to calculate net ecosystem production (NEP). The average NEP estimated in three NCTR watersheds was 2.04 ± 0.81 Mg C ha−1. Carbon loss as DOC was 10-30% of the total carbon flux from the watersheds confirming the importance of this vector of carbon loss in the NCTR. The watershed estimates indicate that forests of the NCTR serve as a carbon sinks consistent with the average worldwide rate of carbon sequestration in terrestrial ecosystems.
Download or read book Carbon water Cycling in the Critical Zone written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the largest knowledge gaps in environmental science is the ability to understand and predict how ecosystems will respond to future climate variability. The links between vegetation, hydrology, and climate that control carbon sequestration in plant biomass and soils remain poorly understood. Soil respiration is the second largest carbon flux of terrestrial ecosystems, yet there is no consensus on how respiration will change as water availability and temperature co-vary. To address this knowledge gap, we use the variation in soil development and topography across an elevation and climate gradient on the Front Range of Colorado to conduct a natural experiment that enables us to examine the co-evolution of soil carbon, vegetation, hydrology, and climate in an accessible field laboratory. The goal of this project is to further our ability to combine plant water availability, carbon flux and storage, and topographically driven hydrometrics into a watershed scale predictive model of carbon balance. We hypothesize: (i) landscape structure and hydrology are important controls on soil respiration as a result of spatial variability in both physical and biological drivers: (ii) variation in rates of soil respiration during the growing season is due to corresponding shifts in belowground carbon inputs from vegetation; and (iii) aboveground carbon storage (biomass) and species composition are directly correlated with soil moisture and therefore, can be directly related to subsurface drainage patterns.
Download or read book Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management written by Ken W. Krauss and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-11-23 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores how the management of wetlands can influence carbon storage and fluxes. Wetlands are vital natural assets, including their ability to take-up atmospheric carbon and restrict subsequent carbon loss to facilitate long-term storage. They can be deliberately managed to provide a natural solution to mitigate climate change, as well as to help offset direct losses of wetlands from various land-use changes and natural drivers. Wetland Carbon and Environmental Management presents a collection of wetland research studies from around the world to demonstrate how environmental management can improve carbon sequestration while enhancing wetland health and function. Volume highlights include: Overview of carbon storage in the landscape Introduction to wetland management practices Comparisons of natural, managed, and converted wetlands Impact of wetland management on carbon storage or loss Techniques for scientific assessment of wetland carbon processes Case studies covering tropical, coastal, inland, and northern wetlands Primer for carbon offset trading programs and how wetlands might contribute The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity.Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals.
Download or read book Plant Responses to Air Pollution and Global Change written by Kenji Omasa and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-02-26 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews current topics on plant metabolism of air pollutants and elevated CO2, responses of whole plants and plant ecosystems, genetics and molecular biology for functioning improvement, experimental ecosystems and climate change research, global carbon-cycle monitoring in plant ecosystems, and other important issues. The authors, conducting research in Europe, the United States, Australia, and East Asia, present a wealth of information on their work in the field.
Download or read book High Mountain Conservation in a Changing World written by Jordi Catalan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-03 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides case studies and general views of the main processes involved in the ecosystem shifts occurring in the high mountains and analyses the implications for nature conservation. Case studies from the Pyrenees are preponderant, with a comprehensive set of mountain ranges surrounded by highly populated lowland areas also being considered. The introductory and closing chapters will summarise the main challenges that nature conservation may face in mountain areas under the environmental shifting conditions. Further chapters put forward approaches from environmental geography, functional ecology, biogeography, and paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Organisms from microbes to large carnivores, and ecosystems from lakes to forest will be considered. This interdisciplinary book will appeal to researchers in mountain ecosystems, students and nature professionals. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Download or read book Limnogeology Progress Challenges and Opportunities written by Michael R. Rosen and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-04-24 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book honors the career of Professor Elizabeth Gierlowski-Kordesch who was a pioneer and leader in the field of limnogeology since the 1980s. Her work was instrumental in guiding students and professionals in the field until her untimely death in 2016. This collection of chapters was written by her colleagues and students and recognize the important role that Professor Gierlowski-Kordesch had in advancing the field of limnogeology. The chapters show the breadth of her reach as these have been contributed from virtually every continent. This book will be a primary reference for scientists, professionals and graduate students who are interested in the latest advances in limnogeologic processes and basin descriptions in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and China. *Free supplementary material available online for chapters 3,11,12 and 13. Access by searching for the book on link.springer.com
Download or read book Challenges of a Changing Earth written by Will Steffen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is based on plenary presentations from Challenges of a Changing Earth, a Global Change Open Science Conference held in Amsterdam, The Neth- lands, in July 2001. The meeting brought together about 1400 scientists from 105 co- tries around the world to describe, discuss and debate the latest scientific - derstanding of natural and human-driven changes to our planet. It examined the effects of these changes on our societies and our lives, and explored what the future might hold. The presentations drew upon global change science from an exceptionally wide range of disciplines and approaches. Issues of societal importance – the food system, air quality, the carbon cycle, and water resources – were highlighted from both policy and science perspectives. Many of the talks presented the exciting scientific advances of the past decade of international research on global change. Several challenged the scientific community in the future. What are the visionary and creative new approaches needed for studying a complex planetary system in which human activities are in- mately interwoven with natural processes? This volume aims to capture the timeliness and excitement of the science p- sented in Amsterdam. The plenary speakers were given a daunting task: to reproduce their presentations in a way that delivers their scientific messages accurately and in sufficient detail but at the same time reaches a very broad audience well beyond their own disciplines. Furthermore, they were required to do this in just a few pages.
Download or read book Peatlands written by I.P. Martini and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2007-03-28 with total page 606 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past two decades there has been considerable work on global climatic change and its effect on the ecosphere, as well as on local and global environmental changes triggered by human activities. From the tropics to the Arctic, peatlands have developed under various geological conditions, and they provide good records of global and local changes since the Late Pleistocene.The objectives of the book are to analyze topics such as geological evolution of major peatlands basins; peatlands as self sustaining ecosystems; chemical environment of peatlands: water and peat chemistry; peatlands as archives of environmental changes; influence of peatlands on atmosphere: circular complex interactions; remote sensing studies of peatlands; peatlands as a resource; peatlands degradation, restoration, plus more. * Presents an interdisciplinary approach, with an emphasis on Earth Science, and addresses the need for intergration between subdisciplines and the developing of new approaches* Synthesizes the evolutionary, ecological, and chemical characteristics of major peatlands, as well as focuses on the environmental changes, from climate changes to surface ares changes due to human activities* Covers topical studies of worldwide interest and provides examples from many different countries
Download or read book Hydraulic Conductivity and Water Retention in Peat Soils written by Juhani Päivänen and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seloste: Turpeen vedenläpäisevyys ja vedenpidätyskyky.
Download or read book Contemporary Climatology written by P.J. Robinson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-25 with total page 637 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now in its second edition,Climatology continues to provide an up-to-date stimulating and comprehensive guide to the nature of the earth's climate. It presents a synthesis of contemporary scientific ideas about atmospheric circulation. Topics covered include: -Energy systems-The hydrological cycle-General circulation, local and regional climate-Application of climate information-Use of satellite observations
Download or read book Wetland Creation and Restoration written by Jon A. Kusler and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a preliminary evaluation of the status of the science of wetland creation and restoration in the United States. It contains a series of regional reviews. Each review summarizes wetland creation and restoration experiences in broadly defined wetland regions (e.g. Pacific coastal wetlands, wooded wetlands of the Southeast). It also includes a series of theme papers, covering a wide range of topics of general application to wetland creation and restoration (hydrology, management techniques, planning).
Download or read book Farm Drainage in the United States written by George A. Pavelis and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Contemporary Environmental Issues and Challenges in Era of Climate Change written by Pooja Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-16 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last few decades, unprecedented global population growth has led to increased demand for food and shelter. At the same time, extraction of natural resources beyond the Earth’s resilience capacity has had a devastating effect on ecosystems and environmental health. Furthermore, climate change is having a significant impact in a number of areas, including the global hydrological cycle, ecosystem functioning, coastal vulnerability, forest ecology, food security, and agricultural sustainability. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), only immediate and sustained action will prevent climate change causing irreversible and potentially catastrophic damage to our environment. This book presents various scientific views and concepts, research, reviews, and case studies on contemporary environmental issues in changing climate scenarios and highlights different adaptation measures. Increasing awareness of modern-day patterns of climate change, it addresses questions often raised by environmental scientists, researchers, policymakers and general readers.
Download or read book Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development written by Suriyanarayanan Sarvajayakesavalu and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, attention to climate change and its associated impacts on economic and social development has increased significantly. Extreme weather conditions worldwide are threatening the survival of sensitive species and habitats. The situation is so dire that governments, academia, and non-governmental organizations across the globe are actively working to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This book enhances understanding of environmental changes and the relative response to the socio-economic challenges of development. It provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of environmental change on natural resources and the climate, as well as discusses waste management and sustainable solutions.
