Download or read book Soil Amendment Soybean Seedling Disease Control written by Abraham Dalu and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Characterizing the Effect of Increased Phosphorus and Potassium on Seedling Diseases and Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean in Ohio written by Meredith Milo Eyre and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil fertility may affect the development of soybean diseases, including those caused by soil borne pathogens. Though increased phosphorus and potassium levels have the potential to enhance crop productivity and profitability, secondary effects on pathogens may prove detrimental to overall plant health. Fertility recommendations serve to define optimum levels and require periodic revision to balance nutrient demands of modern cultivars and economic yield response with the associated increases in production costs, environmental considerations, and potential disease development. Fertility recommendations for soybean in the Tri-State area of Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana have not been updated in over 20 years, despite dramatic yield increases and other changes in the industry. As part of a larger collaboration working to re-evaluate current recommendations, this study assessed the effects of higher than recommended rates of phosphorus and potassium on seedling disease and sudden death syndrome disease (SDS) development in soybean through both field and greenhouse trials. Treatments above the recommended rates in the form of 112 kg/ha diammonium phosphate (DAP), 112 kg/ha potash, 112 kg/ha DAP and 112 kg/ha potash, and a nontreated control were applied to 5 field sites with seedling disease history and no differences in stand nor yield occurred. However, a significantly higher number of plants affected by damping-off was observed in plots treated with potassium than the other treatments at one location (p= 0.041). Furthermore, a trend occurred in two intensively surveyed fields in that higher than recommended rates of phosphorus, potassium, and phosphorus plus potassium seemed to increase the number of oomycetes, as more isolates were recovered from plots that had been treated with fertilizer than the nontreated control. More than 15 different oomycete species were recovered from both fields. In greenhouse assays, lower root weights occurred in plants which received fertilizer in 2 of 3 greenhouse trials. When the same treatments were applied to field soils naturally infested with Fusarium virguliforme, the addition of phosphorus and potassium applied separately significantly reduced SDS disease index at one of two locations (p= 0.052). The significant difference detected at this site may be due to lower baseline potassium levels and higher soybean cyst nematode (SCN) counts. Furthermore, in the presence of SCN and SDS, phosphorus and phosphorus plus potassium applied at levels higher than currently recommended enhanced yields, suggesting these additions may decrease disease pressure or compensate for the biotic stress. Clear trends were not observed in greenhouse trials with SDS infested soil amended with any of the fertility treatments. These trends are worth further investigation in continued field trials and greenhouse trials modified to use inoculated soil with fertility applied incrementally under consistent conditions. Future field studies which examine the effects of higher fertility on SDS should prioritize fields with low base levels of potassium and high SCN counts, as preliminary work suggests applying phosphorus and potassium at rates higher than currently recommended may enhance yield under these conditions.

Download or read book Soil Amendment Soybean Seedling Rhizosphere Conducement written by Elizabeth Faye Claverie and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Integrated Management of Phytophthora Stem and Root Rot of Soybean and the Effect of Soil applied Herbicides on Seedling Disease Incidence written by Vinicius Castelli Garnica and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean seedling diseases and Phytophthora stem and root rot (PSRR; caused by Phytophthora sojae) are two of the most economically important diseases in North Central U.S. Remarkable differences in disease incidence occur each year, which demonstrate that abiotic and biotic factors must interact for disease onset and development. During 2017 and 2018, field studies were conducted to (i) address the efficacy of seed treatment and genetic resistance for PSRR management on soybean population, canopy coverage (CC), and yield, and (ii) investigate potential interactions between pre-emergence (PRE) herbicides and the incidence of seedling diseases in alluvial soils in Nebraska. Despite field history, PSRR developed in only four of six environments studied. Commercial seed treatment had a positive effect on plant population density, CC, and yield in at least three environments. Compared to non-treated control, seed treatment increased emergence between 11,600 to 53,700 plants ha-1 and early-season CC between 0.7 to 1.2%. Under high disease pressure, management programs using moderately resistant cultivars improved yields when compared to moderately susceptible cultivars. By contrast, minimum yield differences were detected between Rps1k andRps1c genotypes, except in one environment. While a weak to moderate correlation was observed between CC and incidence of P. sojae symptomatic plants, a moderate to strong association was found between CC and yield. Across multiple environments, PRE herbicides chlorimuron-ethyl, metribuzin, saflufenacil, sulfentrazone, and flumioxazin had no impact on seedling root rot (disease severity index; DSI) when compared to the non-treated control. Similarly, no significant differences between PRE herbicides were detected on plant population, plant height, and yield. Community composition depicting primary pathogenic genera Fusarium, Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia did not occur at random but rather varied across environments and DSI classes. In two of the three environments, Phytophthorastructured approximately 22% of primary pathogenic genera, whereas, Rhizoctoniarecovery was low (

Download or read book The Effects of Starter Fertilizer on Soybean Infected with Fusarium Virguliforme Or Rhizoctonia Solani written by Jesse Miller and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki), the fungus that causes sudden death syndrome of soybeans (SDS), is prevalent in most of the soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) production regions throughout the United States. Sudden death syndrome management has been limited to cultural practices and host resistance. Rhizoctonia solani (Kühn) is a fungus responsible for pre-emergence and post emergence damping off. Control methods include seed treatments and cultural practices. Several companies have advocated the use of in-furrow starter fertilizers in soybean production. Promoting root growth and emergence are a couple of the alleged benefits. It is unknown if the increased fertility in the root zone may actually increase or decrease the severity of root or seedling diseases. An objective of this study is to determine if the starter fertilizers (2-6-16), (7-12-11), (3-10-13) Nachurs Alpine SolutionsTM impacts seedling disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani and soybean yield. A second objective is to determine if starter-fertilizer influences the incidence and severity of SDS and soybean yield. One trial was infested with R. solani at the rate of 0.9 g of inoculum/30.5 centimeters of row. A second trial was infested with F. virguliforme at the rate of 2.25 g/30.5 centimeters of row. Inoculum consisted of sterilized white sorghum inoculated with either pathogen. Plots were 3.04 meters wide by 6.1 meters in length with row spacing of 0.76 meters. Trials took place during the growing season of 2014 and 2015. In 2014, a randomized complete block design consisted of 4 treatments that were replicated 6 times and planted into 4 row plots. Treatments consisted of treated (MetalaxlTM, FluxapyroxadTM, PyraclostrobinTM, and ImidaclopridTM) or non-treated seed ('Asgrow 4730') combined with either fertilizer (2-6-16) or non-fertilizer. Across both trials, there were no seed treatment and fertilizer rate interactions. In the R. solani trial, stand counts were similar between the fertilizer and non-fertilizer treatments. Stand counts were higher when the seed treatment was used. There was no significant difference in soybean yield regardless of treatment. In the F. virguliforme trial, stand counts were reduced in the fertilizer treatment when compared to the non-fertilizer treatment. Foliar symptoms of SDS and soybean yield were not affected by treatment. In 2015, there were changes in treatment structure due to additions of fertilizer treatments 7-12-11 and 3-10-13. Seed treatments and randomized complete block design remained for 2015. Stand counts were higher in plots that received fertilizer treatments in the R. solani trial. Stand counts were lower in R. solani plots with treated seed. Yield was not influenced by seed treatment but was increased by 3-10-13 and 7-12-11 fertilizer treatments. For the F. virguliforme trial, reduced stand counts were found in the plots with seed treatments. Seed treatments did not influence yield. Fertilizer did not impact stand or yield. Foliar symptoms of SDS were not influenced by seed treatment or fertilizer.

Download or read book Development of Soybean Seedling Diseases in Natural Infested Soils at Three Temperatures written by Keiddy Esperanza Urrea Romero and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Effect of Soil applied Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase Inhibitor Herbicides on Soybean Seedling Disease written by Nicholas J. Arneson and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seedling disease is one the most economically important diseases of soybean in the United States. It is commonly caused by Fusarium spp., Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium spp., and Phytophthora sojae, alone, or together as a disease complex. Fungicide seed treatments continue to provide the most consistent management of seedling diseases. Soil-applied protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitor herbicides are used preemergence in soybean production to manage several broadleaf weeds. Applications of PPO-inhibitors can result in phytotoxic injury to soybean when environmental conditions are not favorable for soybean growth. These environmental conditions can favor seedling disease development as well. In this thesis, two studies were conducted to determine the effect of soil-applied PPO-inhibitors on soybean seedling disease development in Nebraska under field and controlled conditions. The first study assessed the effect of two PPO-inhibitors and a fungicide seed treatment on seedling disease and yield in 9 soybean fields in Nebraska. PPO-inhibitor injury occurred at 7 of 9 locations with inconsistent effects on seedling disease, where increases in root rot severity of 6.6-28.1% were observed at 5 of 9 locations, decreases of 4.7-10.9% at two locations, and no effect at three locations. None of these effects impacted yield at any of the locations. Fungicide seed treatment did not reduce root rot severity at any location; however, it increased yield at two locations. The second study investigated the effect of PPO-inhibitors on seedling disease caused by Fusarium solani under controlled conditions. Disease pressure was consistent throughout this study, with root rot severities ranging 32.1-38.9%. PPO-inhibitor injury occurred in all experiments with severities ranging 7.0-33.0%. Sulfentrazone alone increased root rot severity 9-12%. There was an effect of PPO-inhibitors on seedling disease development, although results were inconsistent, indicating a need for further research. PPO-inhibitors should continue to be used in part of an integrated weed management program and fungicide seed treatments should be used in fields that have a history of seedling disease.

Download or read book The Fusarium Laboratory Manual written by John F. Leslie and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2008-02-28 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and molecular identification techniques. The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens. In addition to practical “how-to” protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause. "The Fusarium Laboratory Manual is a milestone in the study of the genus Fusarium and will help bridge the gap between morphological and phylogenetic taxonomy. It will be used by everybody dealing with Fusarium in the Third Millenium." --W.F.O. Marasas, Medical Research Council, South Africa

Download or read book Organic Amendments and Soil Suppressiveness in Plant Disease Management written by Mukesh K. Meghvansi and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-05 with total page 526 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a timely review of concepts in plant disease management involving microbial soil suppressiveness and organic amendments. Topics discussed include the impact of suppressive soils on plant pathogens and agricultural productivity, the enhancement of soil suppressiveness through the application of compost and the development of disease suppressive soils through agronomic management. Further chapters describe diseases caused by phytopathogens, such as Pythium, Fusarium and Rhizoctonia, interaction of rhizobia with soil suppressiveness factors, biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by fungi and soil suppressive microorganisms.

Download or read book Effect of Soybean Seed Treatments on Oomycete Evolution and Diversity for Improved Seedling Disease Management written by Zachary Albert Noel and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 139 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soybean (Glycine max L.) is the second most important crop in the United States. Soil conservation efforts combined with earlier planting dates has led to increased crop residue and cooler soil at planting. This exposes seeds and developing seedlings to adverse conditions for extended periods of time, which can increase disease pressure from many oomycete pathogens causing pre- or post-emergence damping-off. In North America, at least 84 oomycete species within the genera Pythium, Phytophthora, Phytopythium, and Aphanomyces are associated with soybean seedlings. The number of oomycete species makes management decisions difficult and seed applied anti-oomycete chemicals (oomicides) are the primary management tool against the majority of these species. Therefore, the overall theme of this dissertation was to determine the effect of soybean seed treatments on oomycete evolution and diversity to improve management recommendations. First, in chapter 1, I provide a review of current literature and background information on soybean seedling disease management, fungicide (including oomicide) resistance theory, Peronosporalean taxonomy and evolution, and review current methods to study oomycete diversity. Secondly, since an essential step in monitoring for oomicide resistance is in vitro testing, I provide clarification of terms and models involved in the analysis of in vitro dose-response data for improved reproducibility (chapter 2). Next, in chapter 3, the level of interspecific variation in mefenoxam and ethaboxam sensitivity was determined using a newly developed high-throughput assay for oomycetes that utilized growth curves and Z'-factor for quality control. This revealed that that interspecific variation in sensitivity to ethaboxam was greater than mefenoxam. Therefore, in chapter 4, the genetic and evolutionary mechanism of ethaboxam insensitivity was investigated. This revealed for the first time that inherent insensitivity to ethaboxam was linked to the convergent evolution of a specific substitution in the target gene, which resulted in lineage-specific insensitivity to ethaboxam. In chapter 5, the effect of location, and seed treatments containing either mefenoxam or ethaboxam and metalaxyl on the recovery of oomycetes from soybean taproot or lateral root tissue. This study demonstrated that oomycete communities were largely structured by location and that the recovery oomycetes from soybeans were dependent on the unique combination of location, tissue, and seed treatment. Finally, in chapter 6, an oomycete metabarcoding approach (amplicon sequencing) was used to study the influence of soybean seed treatment and genotype on oomycete rhizosphere diversity from a location with or without a history of seedling disease. This indicated that oomycete community diversity was driven by location and that an imbalance of oomycete taxa rather than simply the presence-absence of certain taxa might be responsible for differences in disease pressure. Additionally, there was no substantial evidence that genotype or seed treatment influenced oomycete diversity in soybean rhizosphere samples. Finally, in chapter 7, I discuss the overall conclusions and impacts of the studies presented herein. Overall, data from these studies provide essential new information for the management of oomycete communities with soybean seed treatments. Importantly, these studies advance our knowledge about the effect of soybean seed treatments on the evolution and diversity of oomycetes in a soybean agroecosystem.

Download or read book Silicon and Plant Diseases written by Fabrício A. Rodrigues and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Silicon, considered to be the second most abundant mineral element in soil, plays an important role in the mineral nutrition of plants. A wide variety of monocot and dicot species have benefited from silicon nutrition, whether direct or indirect, when they are exposed to different types of abiotic and or biotic stresses. Besides the many agronomic and horticultural benefits gained by maintaining adequate levels of this element in the soil and also in the plant tissue, the most notable effect of silicon is the reduction in the intensities of a number of plant diseases caused by biotrophic, hemibiotrophic and necrotrophic plant pathogens in many crops of great economic importance. The aim of this book is to summarize our current understanding of the effects of silicon on plant diseases. The chapters address the dynamics of silicon in soils and plants; the history of silicon in the control of plant diseases; the use of silicon to control soil-borne, seed-borne and foliar diseases in monocots and dicots; the mechanisms involved in the host resistance against infection by plant pathogens mediated by silicon as well as the current knowledge at the omics level, and finally, highlights and prospects for using silicon in the future.

Download or read book Soybeans Improvement Production and Uses written by Billy E. Caldwell and published by . This book was released on 1973 with total page 712 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Biological Control of Soil borne Disease in Soybean by Denitrifying Antagonistic Bacteria written by Siripun Chidburee and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soil Biology Primer written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management Volume Two written by P. Narayanasamy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Crop disease management strategies revolve around the principles of exclusion, eradication and immunization. Cultural practices are aimed at preventing or reducing the accumulation of pathogen population (inoculum). Development of cultivars with genetic resistance by transgressing resistance gene(s) through traditional breeding procedures or biotechnological techniques is the most effective and acceptable strategy, as it is environment-friendly and does not need any additional cost to the grower. Assessment of different grades of resistance of cultivars or genotypes to soilborne microbial pathogens has been possible by quantifying pathogen populations or their DNA contents in the test plants by applying biological and molecular methods. This second volume of a two-volume set focuses on the soilborne microbial plant pathogens and the diseases caused by them. The book provides information on ecology and epidemiology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens and various strategies applicable for effective management of diseases. Chapters cover exclusion and prevention strategies; improvement of host plant resistance; biological management; application of chemicals; and integration of these disease management strategies. Features Discusses various aspects of soilborne microbial plant pathogens to develop effective methods of managing diseases. Presents information on epidemiology and ecology of soilborne microbial plant pathogens. Facilitates the application of management strategies alone or in combination with others for effective suppression of disease development. Features information on application of biotic and abiotic biological control agents (BCAs) to suppress pathogen development either by directly acting on the pathogen(s) or indirectly by enhancing host resistance to the pathogens. Employs biotic and abiotic biocontrol agents either to replace or reduce the use of chemicals is an achievable approach for managing the soilborne microbial pathogens.

Download or read book Soilborne Microbial Plant Pathogens and Disease Management Volume One written by P. Narayanasamy and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-10-08 with total page 505 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soilborne microbial plant pathogens including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria and viruses cause several economically important destructive diseases and the symptoms of infection can be recognized only after the pathogen has invaded many tissues primarily vascular tissues of susceptible plants. This condition places formidable challenges in investigating different aspects of host-microbial pathogen interactions. Early detection of infection and precise identification, differentiation, and quantification of the microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil and water sources are essential requirements for development of effective tactics to reduce the incidence and spread of the diseases caused by them. As the microbial plant pathogens differ in their virulence and sensitivity to the environment and chemicals applied, it is imperative to assess the extent of variability in the concerned pathogens. This first volume of a two-volume set introduces disease-causing microorganisms including oomycetes, fungi, bacteria, and viruses found in soils. It focuses on the biology, detection, and identification of soilborne bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens. This volume discusses various techniques based on biological, immunological and genetic properties of the pathogens indicating their advantages and limitations for selecting the appropriate technique to fulfill the requirements. Features: Presents techniques useful for detection, identification, quantification of microbial plant pathogens in plants, soil, and irrigation water from waterbodies. Highlights subversive activities of viruses, resulting in the breakdown of host defense systems. Discusses RNA silencing in infected plants by viruses and posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS) functioning as an endogenous mechanism in plants against virus infection. Presents information on methods of assessment of genetic variability and sensitivity of microbial plant pathogens to chemicals and adverse environmental conditions.

Download or read book Rhizoctonia Species Taxonomy Molecular Biology Ecology Pathology and Disease Control written by B. Sneh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 561 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rhizoctonia Species: Taxonomy, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Pathology and Control, written by the world's most reputable experts in their respective fields of Rhizoctonia research, summarizes years of research in the various aspects of the ubiquitous complex group of soil-borne fungi belonging to the anamorph genus Rhizoctonia. Species of Rhizoctonia worldwide cause economically important diseases on most of the world's important plants such as cereals, potato, cotton, sugarbeet, vegetables, ornamentals and trees in nurseries. The subject reviews covered in the book include classic as well as modern approaches to Rhizoctonia research in: Taxonomy and Evolution, Genetics and Pathogenicity, Plant-Rhizoctonia Interactions, Ecology, Population and Disease Dynamics, Disease Occurrence and Management in Various Crops, Cultural Control, Biological Control, Germplasm for Resistance, Chemical and Integrated Control Strategies. It aims to be the standard reference source book on Rhizoctonia for the next decade or more, just as Parmeter et al. (1970) has been in the past. It will be an important publication for Rhizoctonia investigators, plant pathologists, students, extension specialists, crop producers and companies dealing with plant disease control.