Download or read book Socio Economic Impact of Type II Diabetes Mellitus written by Saima Nazir and published by . This book was released on 2019-04-15 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: India will face one of the toughest struggles against diabetes in the region and will be the largest contributor to regional mortality with 9,83,000 deaths attributable to diabetes. Type-II diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major public health problem with more than 471 billion USD spent on healthcare for diabetes. The WHO predicts DM to become the seventh leading cause of death in the world by 2030. An estimated 3.4 million people have died from the consequences of high blood sugar in 2004. Out of all the deaths caused by DM, 80% of them occur in low and middle-income countries. DM is an expensive disease as per capita cost of managing the disease is 2-4 folds higher than the non-diabetics. Treatment costs increase with disease duration, presence of complications, hospitalization and urban settings. Healthcare expenditures on diabetes accounted for 11.6% of the total healthcare expenditure in the world in 2010. By 2030, this amount will exceed USD 490 billion. The direct cost on diabetes healthcare is usually very high for people in developing countries. Present study focuses on studying economic impact of DM in urban and rural field practice area of Sri Siddhartha medical college and examining of the financial coping mechanisms.OBJECTIVES: 1.To estimate the total expenditure incurred by Diabetics and its socio economic impact on their families. 2.To estimate the magnitude of Catastrophic Hospital Expenditure (CHE) due to type-II Diabetes Mellitus. 3. To assess the financial coping mechanisms of households with Type-II Diabetes mellitus.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural field practice areas of Sri Siddhartha Medical College in Tumkur. 180 study subjects each from urban and rural field practice area were included in the study and systematic random sampling method was used to include the study subjects . RESULTS:Mean total diabetic expenditure was higher among urban study subjects at 778 rupees per month while it was lesser among the rural study subjects which was 285 rupees per month. This was statistically significant. Total monthly indirect diabetic expenditure was higher among urban population (190 rupees ) as compared to rural study subjects who spend around 145 rupees .This was also statistically significant . Catastrophic hospital expenditure was experienced by 27 % of study subjects, higher in urban area (30%) than rural area (24%). Mobilising savings and using cash were the commonest coping up strategies adopted by diabetics. CONCLUSION:Mean total direct cost incurred by diabetic study subjects per month was higher in urban area (778 Rupees) than rural areas( 285 Rupees) .Diabetics from both urban and rural areas spend most on purchase of oral medication (64% and 61% respectively). Mean indirect cost of diabetes per month was higher in urban areas (190 rupees) than in rural area (145 rupees) with major indirect loss coming from loss of wages. Catastrophic hospital spending was experienced more by urban area diabetics (30%) than among rural diabetics (24%). However catastrophic hospital spending increased among hospitalized study subjects from both urban and rural area (84% among urban and 83% among rural areas).

Download or read book Economic Burden of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Afsana Afroz and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2012-06 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health care related expenditure for diabetes is increasing at an alarming rate all over the world and it is creating a huge burden. The economic effects of diabetes go beyond the costs that economies need to invest in diagnosis, care and prevention. Primary evidence on these issues are scarce even in developed world and these are almost absent in the developing countries like Bangladesh. The present study was conducted to estimate the economic burden of type-2 diabetes mellitus with particular focus on nutrition related costs among 531 registered participants (aged 30 years) with more than 1 year duration of diabetes. The average annual cost of care was found US $ 314 (direct cost US $ 283 and indirect cost US $ 37) ranging from US $ 23 to US $ 1334. Average nutrition related cost was US $ 1.5 per person per day. This study has also identified that the average annual cost of diabetes care per patient in OPD of tertiary care facility in Bangladesh is US$ 313 (Tk. 25,102) and with an estimated 9.5 million diabetic patients in the country the total annual burden will be US $ 2973.5 (Tk. 237,880) million. [Currency conversion rate: US$ 1 = Tk.80]"

Download or read book Handbook of Global Health written by Ilona Kickbusch and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 2881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Global health is a rapidly emerging discipline with a transformative potential for public policy and international development. Emphasizing transnational health issues, global health aims to improve health and achieve health equity for all people worldwide. Its multidisciplinary scope includes contributions from many disciplines within and beyond the health sciences, including clinical medicine, public health, social and behavioral sciences, environmental sciences, economics, public policy, law and ethics. This large reference offers up-to-date information and expertise across all aspects of global health and helps readers to achieve a truly multidisciplinary understanding of the topics, trends as well as the clinical, socioeconomic and environmental drivers impacting global health. As a fully comprehensive, state-of-the-art and continuously updated, living reference, the Handbook of Global Health is an important, dynamic resource to provide context for global health clinical care, organizational decision-making, and overall public policy on many levels. Health workers, physicians, economists, environmental and social scientists, trainees and medical students as well as professionals and practitioners will find this handbook of great value.

Download or read book The Effects of Social and Economic Disadvantage on the Incidence of Type2 Diabetes in the Alameda County Study written by Siobhan Catherine Maty and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health written by National Academy of Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2023-09-08 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Social factors, signals, and biases shape the health of our nation. Racism and poverty manifest in unequal social, environmental, and economic conditions, resulting in deep-rooted health disparities that carry over from generation to generation. In Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health, authors call for collective action across sectors to reverse the debilitating and often lethal consequences of health inequity. This edited volume of discussion papers provides recommendations to advance the agenda to promote health equity for all. Organized by research approaches and policy implications, systems that perpetuate or ameliorate health disparities, and specific examples of ways in which health disparities manifest in communities of color, this Special Publication provides a stark look at how health and well-being are nurtured, protected, and preserved where people live, learn, work, and play. All of our nation's institutions have important roles to play even if they do not think of their purpose as fundamentally linked to health and well-being. The rich discussions found throughout Perspectives on Health Equity and Social Determinants of Health make way for the translation of policies and actions to improve health and health equity for all citizens of our society. The major health problems of our time cannot be solved by health care alone. They cannot be solved by public health alone. Collective action is needed, and it is needed now.

Download or read book The Socio economic Impact of Diabetes Upon Families with Insulin dependent Children written by Thomas Joseph Songer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Socioeconomic Status and Screening for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus written by Louise Arnskov Voldby and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 55 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Psychoneuroendocrinology written by Owen M. Wolkowitz and published by American Psychiatric Pub. This book was released on 2008-08-13 with total page 612 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The mind-body connection is one of the hottest topics in medicine today, documented by enormous amounts of data regarding hormone effects on the brain and behavior. Yet it is only now -- with the debut of this thought-provoking volume -- that we find an up-to-date, sophisticated reference that focuses on the clinical relevance of behavioral endocrinology and is written for practicing clinicians and researchers. This wide-ranging volume shows how the principles and emerging findings of psychoneuroendocrinology can inform modern clinical practice and lead to new breakthroughs in future science and practice. Here, leading authorities -- internationally respected researchers and practicing clinicians -- review empirical findings in their areas of expertise, highlight the clinical significance of these findings, and provide, wherever appropriate, clinical guidelines for the management of patients. Beginning with a lively history of psychoneuroendocrinology (including its many false starts), this book continues on to discussions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormone system, the gonadal hormone system, and the thyroid hormone system from each of the three paths generally used for psychoneuroendocrinological investigation: Alterations in endogenous hormone levels observed in primary psychiatric illness Psychiatric concomitants or sequelae of hormonal dysregulation in primary endocrinologic illness Behavioral effects of exogenously administered hormones or hormone antagonists (both the study of the side effects of hormonal medications and the use of hormones and hormone antagonists as psychotropic medications) An unmatched diversity of topics reveals the full breadth and depth of this volume: diabetes mellitus, corticosteroid effects on mood and cognition, Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, oral contraceptives and estrogen replacement therapy, psychiatric illness associated with the menstrual cycle and perimenopause, postpartum behavioral changes, anabolic/androgenic steroid use, and a thorough review of thyroid function in psychiatric disorders. Particularly fascinating are sections on the role of neuropeptides and hypothalamic-releasing factors in psychiatric illness, the use of laboratory tests and imaging procedures in evaluating hormonal function in psychiatric patients, the place of newer "alternative" hormonal medications such as melatonin and DHEA in therapeutics, and a provocative and compelling final chapter on the role stress plays in precipitating illness. Designed for both clinician and researcher-scientist, this richly informative guide will also prove an invaluable addition to graduate courses in neuroscience, neuroendocrinology, the biological basis of behavior, and consultation psychiatry. Neuroscientists/neurologists, endocrinologists, obstetricians/gynecologists, internists, family practitioners, nurses, and interested laypersons round out the wide audience for this remarkable volume.

Download or read book Economic Implications of Type 2 Diabetes Burden in China India and the United States A Situational Analysis written by Suganthi Jaganathan and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Background: Despite the wide demographic, socio-economic and epidemiological disparities between China, India and the US, the opportunities for lesson-learning for chronic disease management would seem to be considerable. Evidence on the economic implications of the diabetes epidemic in emerging economies is scarce.Aims: To provide an overview of the economic implications of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among the two largest Asian countries (China and India) in comparison to the US.Methods: We derived data from publicly available data sources from 1990-2017. We compared the diabetes burden and economic indicators (health spending and financing) in India, China and US. We also reviewed microeconomic and macroeconomics studies of the burden of T2DM.Results: Amongst the three countries, India has the highest rate of population growth, lowest life expectancy, and higher prevalence of diabetes as well as associated deaths and DALYs. Health spending as a share of GDP in India is low and has decreased, whereas Chinau2019s rate is increasing, and the US rate is the highest in the world, reflecting many systemic inefficiencies. There is marked increase in out-of-pocket health expenditure in India over the period 1990-2015. In both India and China, catastrophic health spending has increased when compared to US (Table 1). Economic studies reveal costs associated with lower human and physical capital accumulation, foregone productivity, and avoidable treatment spending (especially in the US and China).Conclusion: Although the overall economic costs of diabetes are higher in the US and China, India suffers from higher prevalence, number of deaths, and DALYs due to T2DM, partly attributable to stark underspending by the government on health care, coupled up with one of the lowest ratios of physicians per 1000 population. There is an urgent need to improve health spending on prevention and primary care management of diabetes, and to create better universal financial protection.

Download or read book The Modifying Effect of Sociocultural Status on Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes in Older Mexican American Women written by Deborah M. Parra-Medina and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The primary objective of this dissertation project was to describe the pattern of effect modification caused by sociocultural status on identified risk factors for Type 2 diabetes. This case-control study included 244 Mexican American women, between the ages of 50-79, who were enrolled in the Observational Study of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) in San Diego, Tucson, or San Antonio between 1994-1997. Seventy-eight diabetics and 166 nondiabetics were included in the study. As a supplement to data already collected by the WHI, a telephone survey was used to gather information on acculturation and diabetes related knowledge and behavior. Results support previous findings that increased age; a positive family history of diabetes, obesity, and centralized adiposity; and a sedentary lifestyle are important independent predictors of diabetes. The risk of diabetes associated with obesity is moderated by acculturation in a nonlinear fashion. Specifically, risk of diabetes associated with obesity was lowest at either the high or the low end of the acculturation spectrum, but highest in the midrange. The risk of diabetes associated with a higher waist hip ratio increases with income and acculturation. With respect to educational status, the risk of disabetes is related in a nonlinear fashion and is magnified for women with 7th-12th grade education. However, in the presence of other risk factors such as family history of diabetes and age, the importance of sociocultural status as an effect modifier diminishes.

Download or read book Equity Social Determinants and Public Health Programmes written by World Health Organization and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. Introduction and methods of work.-- 2. Alcohol: equity and social determinants.-- 3. Cardiovascular disease: equity and social determinants.-- 4. Health and nutrition of children: equity and social determinants.-- 5. Diabetes: equity and social determinants.-- 6. Food safety: equity and social determinants.-- 7. Mental disorders: equity and social determinants.-- 8. Neglected tropical diseases: equity and social determinants.-- 9. Oral health: equity and social determinants.-- 10. Unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcome: equity and social determinants.-- 11. Tobacco use: equity and social determinants.-- 12. Tuberculosis: the role of risk factors and social determinants.-- 13. Violence and unintentional injury: equity and social determinants.-- 14. Synergy for equity.

Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.

Download or read book Managing Diabetes in Low Income Countries written by Ivica Smokovski and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-29 with total page 115 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the complexity of diabetes and related complications and presents the socio-economic burden of the disease, taking into account the rising prevalence reaching pandemic proportions and the associated costs. Factors causing high diabetes prevalence and the influence of the pharmaceutical industry are evaluated and solutions for sustainable diabetes care with limited resources are provided, including national focus on providing cost-effective diabetes treatment, nutrition and physical activity, structured diabetes education and centralized National e-Health System. Moreover, elaboration of long-term efforts to curb the diabetes burden through prevention activities are presented in this book. Managing Diabetes in Low Income Countries represents an essential guide for diabetes care clinicians and researchers, medical students and clinicians in training, diabetes policy makers, regulatory authorities, international diabetes and patient organisations all of whom are involved in current clinical practice for diabetes management.

Download or read book The Future of the Public s Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.

Download or read book Psychosocial Care for People with Diabetes written by Deborah Young-Hyman and published by American Diabetes Association. This book was released on 2012-12-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychosocial Care for People with Diabetes describes the major psychosocial issues which impact living with and self-management of diabetes and its related diseases, and provides treatment recommendations based on proven interventions and expert opinion. The book is comprehensive and provides the practitioner with guidelines to access and prescribe treatment for psychosocial problems commonly associated with living with diabetes.

Download or read book Lower Socioeconomic Status Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Glycemic Control written by Alanda Rusawn White and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project examined the effects of dietary education on financially disadvantaged Type 2 diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects 29.1 million individuals in the United States. The vital need to address how diet can affect the T2DM patient glycemic goals is imperative. This direct practice improvement (DPI) project was intended to educate T2DM patients on diabetic dietary education and increase diabetes dietary knowledge on making healthy food options. The Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) questionnaire was utilized to analyze the existing knowledge level of the T2DM patient before the nutritional value label intervention. Kurt Lewin's force field change theory was used to evaluate the effect of increasing diabetes nutritional knowledge and how nutritious food selections can affect glucose levels. The specified population for this project consisted of 30 participants from a small family practice clinic in Converse, Texas. The data consisted of DKT questionnaire that was utilized both pre-and post-test during the 30-day duration of this project. The primary findings indicated that there was a significant difference in the pre-test and post-test response data on the DKT questionnaire, as evidenced by the pre-test standard deviation of 0.57 and post-test standard deviation of 0.21. The statistical significance meaning of the findings indicate that the diabetic dietary intervention was effective. The continuance of this project while utilizing the intervention of nutritional food label reading has the potential to promote an efficient transformation within this population of patients by choosing healthier options and reducing mortalities.

Download or read book An Assessment of the Interaction Between Socio economic Status and Diabetes Mellitus written by Vincent Connolly and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: