Download or read book Socially Optimal Transport Prices and Markets written by Todd Litman and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper explores the potential of developing more optimal transport prices and markets, and resulting impacts on vehicle travel, consumer costs, environmental and land use impacts, economic development, and social welfare. Optimal pricing must balance economic efficiency, equity and transaction costs. Optimal markets must offer choices and information, minimize distortions, encourage producer competition, and avoid social traps. Current transport prices and markets often fail to meet these criteria. Although distortions may have been justified when transaction costs were high and motor vehicle externalities relatively small, new pricing technologies and increasing concern over external costs justifies increased emphasis on marginal and full-cost pricing, and efforts to eliminate market distortiond. Eleven specific strategies are proposed to create more optimal pricing and markets. These strategies would significanly increase the perceived cost of motor vehicle use while reducing fixed vehicle costs and externalities, increase consumer choices and reduce market distortions. Higher vehicle costs would be offset by reductions in other taxes, consumer expenses, and motor vehicle externalities. Employment, productivity and economic development should increase. Most consumers should benefit verall. Full implementation of those changes is predicted to reduce motor vehicle use by 35%. This indicates that current high levels of automobile use are partly the result of mispricing and market distortions. Consumers reduce automobile travel, given a more optimal market. Current market distortions reduced consumer welfare. Although there are barriers to implementing more optimal pricing and markets, these can be minimized through good planning and management practices which make charges predictable and gradual, maxmize public invlovement, and address specific public concerns.
Download or read book Socially optimal transport prices and markets written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To the degree that prestige, inadequate alternatives or mis- pricing stimulate vehicle travel and sprawl, the resulting transport and land use patterns are suboptimal, and society could benefit overall from policy and planning reforms. [...] It asks, "What amount and mix of travel would people choose if transport and land use policies reflected optimal pricing and planning principles." This analysis defines efficient market principles, identifies transport market distortions and potential reforms, estimates the changes in mobility these reforms would cause, and discusses implications of this analysis to transport policy and planning. [...] It is possible to find examples of both: sidewalks, paths and public transit services that receive little use, resulting in high unit costs, and situations where improved walking and cycling facilities inceased use of these modes, and public transit systems with crowded vehicles and growing ridership. [...] This perspective assumes that the goal is to maximize travel speeds, even if this creates barriers to non-motorized modes (for example, due to wider roads and higher vehicle traffic volumes and speeds) and disperses destinations (for example, due to generous minimum parking requirements which discourage infill development and increase land requirements), and tends to overlook qualitative improveme [...] A survey of Houston, Texas residents (Blueprint Houston 2003) asked, "Would you personally prefer to live in a suburban setting with larger lots and houses and a longer drive to work and most other places, or in a more central urban setting with smaller homes on smaller lots, and be able to take transit or walk to work and other places?" Fifty-five percent of respondents chose the "Central urban s.
Download or read book The Full Costs and Benefits of Transportation written by David L. Greene and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1997-07-14 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern transportation systems have far-reaching, and serious consequences: deaths and injuries from accidents, pollution of air, water and groundwater, noise congestion, and the greenhouse effect. As world transport systems expand and become increasingly motorised, the transportation community is searching for systems that are both efficient and sustainable. Here, leading international researchers explore the issues and concepts and define the state of knowledge concerning the full costs and benefits of transportation.
Download or read book Measuring the Marginal Social Cost of Transport written by Christopher Nash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-10-20 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many transport economists have for some time proposed marginal social cost as the principle on which prices in the transport sector should be based and, in recent years, their prescription has come to be taken more and more seriously by policy-makers. However, in order to properly test the possible implications of implementing pricing based on marginal social cost and, ultimately, to introduce such a system, it is necessary to actually measure the marginal social costs concerned, and how they vary according to mode, time and context. This book reviews the transport pricing policy debate and reports on the significant advances made in measuring the marginal social costs of transport, particularly through UNITE and other European research projects. We look in turn at infrastructure, operating costs, user costs (both of congestion and of charges in frequency of scheduled transport services) accidents and environmental costs, and how these estimates have been used to examine the impact of marginal cost pricing in transport. We finish by examining how the results of case studies might be generalised to obtain estimates of marginal social costs for all circumstances and, finally, presenting our conclusions.
Download or read book Pricing in Road Transport written by Erik Verhoef and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2008-01-01 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: . . . the book provides ample evidence of the various and often complex issues that arise in road pricing policies. New research is presented on topics mostly neglected in the past (such as the role of firms in rod pricing, or new insights from dynamic network models). Tilmann Rave, Journal of Regional Science Transport pricing is high on the political agenda throughout the world, but as the authors illustrate, governments seeking to implement this often face challenging questions and significant barriers. The associated policy and research questions cannot always be addressed adequately from a mono-disciplinary perspective. This book shows how a multi-disciplinary approach may lead to new types of analysis and insights, contributing to a better understanding of the intricacies of transport pricing and eventually to a potentially more effective and acceptable design of such policies. The study addresses important policy and research themes such as the possible motives for introducing road transport pricing and potential conflicts between these motives, behavioural responses to transport pricing for households and firms, the modelling of transport pricing, and the acceptability of pricing. Studying road transport pricing from a multi-disciplinary perspective, this book will be of great interest to transport policymakers and advisors, transport academics and consultants and students in transport studies.
Download or read book Information and Pricing in Road Transportation written by Richard H.M. Emmerink and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years more emphasis has been placed in transport research on using existing roads as efficiently as possible in order to diminish the impact of traffic congestion. This book describes new theoretical, empirical and simulation models to analyse the impact of information provision to drivers and road pricing on congestion levels. It is the first publication presenting a wide variety of economic models to study information and road pricing effects jointly.
Download or read book Pricing Cost Recovery and Production Efficiency in Transport written by Rachel E. Kranton and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1990 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public sector pricing policies may undermine incentives to reduce costs. Therefore measures to promote cost reduction should be part of any pricing policy reform designed to increase cost recovery.
Download or read book Transport Economics Digital Textbook written by and published by Tutor2u Limited. This book was released on with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Internalising the Social Costs of Transport written by European Conference of Ministers of Transport and published by ECMT. This book was released on 1994 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soziale Kosten / externe Kosten.
Download or read book Social Costs and Sustainable Mobility written by Klaus Rennings and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fair and efficient pricing has become increasingly important in international environmental and transport policy. Thus the valuation and internalization of social costs is now a crucial element within strategies towards sustainable mobility. The book provides methods and results from major European and American studies evaluating both social costs of transport and first experiences with their internalization in different contexts: infrastructure planning, urban road pricing and highway tolling. Additionally, complementary non-monetary instruments for a transition towards sustainable mobility are presented and discussed.
Download or read book Social Optimal Pricing in a Spatial Market written by Song-ken Hsu and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Road Pricing written by Georgina Santos and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-07-31 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic congestion affects towns and cities everywhere and in some places it is regarded as one of the most urgent and important problems in need of a solution. Road pricing is undoubtedly recognised as an effective traffic demand management tool. The recent London congestion charging scheme seems to be showing that public and political opposition is not insurmountable. Thus, the ghost that prevented the introduction of a policy supported by transport economists for over 80 years seems to have disappeared or at least, weakened.The book contains twelve papers useful to different types of audience, such as researchers and postgraduate students, civil servants, policy makers and consultants. The first part is mainly theoretical and concentrates on second-best congestion pricing including pricing in urban contexts, the impact on the performance of the road network, optimal locations and charge levels, dynamic aspects such as time variation of tolls, potential impacts of road pricing on costs and service quality of public transport buses, and efficiency costs and transport sector effects of different types of pricing when they guarantee a balanced budget per mode.The second part contains chapters that describe the schemes in place around the world such as Singapore, Norway, London, and the US. The volume is an update of the state of the art on the subject and the first one to have been written and appear after the London scheme was implemented and to contain an assessment of its preliminary impacts.
Download or read book Transport Economics written by K. Button and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'In the 3rd edition of Transport Economics Button draws together the burgeoning literature in transportation economics. It is a comprehensive standalone text covering all aspects of the field including new sections on logistics and congestion pricing. It should be required reading for every student of transportation and on the library shelf of all transportation researchers and practitioners, an excellent book.' David Gillen, University of British Columbia, Canada Acclaim for the second edition: 'To the literature in the field of transport economics, this is a most welcome addition. Primarily a textbook on theory, it also contains many references to applied studies. . . The book is written in a lucid style and consequently is easy to read and understand.' J.P. Hanlon, Transport 'It is admirably structured, with an introductory chapter placing transport in its economic context and relating transport and location economics.' Urban Studies 'This book is written in a clear, easy to understand style. It is essential reading for those studying for the Institute's Transport Economics examination as well as for undergraduate and postgraduate students of the subject. . . The book offers good value for money and is strongly recommended to anyone with an interest in transport economics.' M.R. Cairns, Transport ' . . . this book does read very much like a textbook; it explains economic concepts clearly, often in both words and mathematical equations, and identifies their relevance in the transport field. . . Transport Economics does provide a good basis with which to understand most of the issues behind what is one of the fastest moving areas of environmental activity in an area where most books will be out of date almost as soon as they are written anyway.' Marcus Enoch, Environmental Politics Transport Economics is a thoroughly revised edition of a well-established textbook which applies economic analysis to transport issues. Each chapter has been carefully reworked and includes new material dealing with the regulation of transport markets. The theoretical content is supported with considerable empirical evidence drawn from a wide range of international sources. Although aimed primarily at university students, this volume is accessible to non-specialists who have an interest in transport economics. It has no modal bias but rather examines in general terms the many aspects of the demand for, and supply of, transport together with the various methods of government intervention needed to ensure that social and environmental criteria are attained. This successful and widely adopted textbook has been meticulously revised and updated for the third edition. As the best intermediate text currently available, it will be welcomed by students, policymakers and all those concerned with the supply of transport services.
Download or read book Transport System Optimization and Pricing written by Jan Owen Jansson and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1984 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Reforming Transport Pricing in the European Union written by Bruno de Borger and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work deals with the problem of pricing passenger and freight transportation within Europe. It argues that legislation affecting pricing and regulation is increasingly less successful in dealing with market failures and externalities such as congestion, air pollution, noise and accidents.
Download or read book Economics of the Road Transport written by Ravinder N. Batta and published by Gyan Publishing House. This book was released on 2008 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Transportation Economics written by Herbert Mohring and published by Cambridge, Mass. : Ballinger Publishing Company. This book was released on 1976 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
