Download or read book Social Safety Net and the Poor During the Transition The Case of Bulgaria written by A. M. Fareed Hassan and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: May 1995 Bulgaria's social safety net is not well targeted; too many benefits accrue to better-off households rather than to the poor. Comprehensive reform is needed, focusing on pensions, unemployment benefits, child allowances, and social assistance. Using data from the 1992 Bulgarian household budget survey, Hassan and Peters analyze the structure of income in Bulgaria, identifying who the poor are and how they are reached by the social safety net. Their main findings about household incomes: * Social transfers provide an extremely large component -- 24 percent -- of household income per capita. That is roughly on a par with the share in other Eastern European countries but more than 40 percent higher than the share in OECD countries. * Wage earnings have declined as a source of income, reflecting the contraction of the state sector. Wage income as a share of income in Bulgaria has declined to only half the OECD level. * Income from self-employment has increased, reflecting the surge in small-scale retail establishments. * Income is considerably less concentrated in Bulgaria than in other lower-middle-income countries. The authors' main findings about the poor (the bottom 20 percent in terms of household income): The head of household in a poor home tends to be older, a woman, poorly educated, and unemployed. Poor households are not necessarily larger households in Bulgaria, unlike in other developing countries. The sources of income in poor Bulgarian households reflect other findings: * The poor depend for more than half their income on social benefits (especially pensions), indicating the importance of the social safety net. * The social safety net is not well targeted. Most social benefits are pro-poor, in the sense that they improve income distribution, but many benefits accrue to better-off households. There is substantial scope for better distribution of income. Hassan and Peters conclude that comprehensive reform of social benefits is needed, focusing on pensions, unemployment benefits, child allowances, and social assistance. This paper -- a product of the Country Operations Division, Europe and Central Asia, Country Department I -- is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the social dimensions of stabilization and adjustment.
Download or read book Social Safety Net and the Poor During the Transition written by Fareed M. A. Hassan and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bulgaria's social safety net is not well targeted; too many benefits accrue to better-off households rather than to the poor. Comprehensive reform is needed, focusing on pensions, unemployment benefits, child allowances, and social assistance.Using data from the 1992 Bulgarian household budget survey, Hassan and Peters analyze the structure of income in Bulgaria, identifying who the poor are and how they are reached by the social safety net. Their main findings about household incomes:- Social transfers provide an extremely large component - 24 percent - of household income per capita. That is roughly on a par with the share in other Eastern European countries but more than 40 percent higher than the share in OECD countries.- Wage earnings have declined as a source of income, reflecting the contraction of the state sector. Wage income as a share of income in Bulgaria has declined to only half the OECD level.- Income from self-employment has increased, reflecting the surge in small-scale retail establishments.- Income is considerably less concentrated in Bulgaria than in other lower-middle-income countries.The authors' main findings about the poor (the bottom 20 percent in terms of household income):The head of household in a poor home tends to be older, a woman, poorly educated, and unemployed. Poor households are not necessarily larger households in Bulgaria, unlike in other developing countries.The sources of income in poor Bulgarian households reflect other findings:- The poor depend for more than half their income on social benefits (especially pensions), indicating the importance of the social safety net.- The social safety net is not well targeted. Most social benefits are pro-poor, in the sense that they improve income distribution, but many benefits accrue to better-off households. There is substantial scope for better distribution of income.Hassan and Peters conclude that comprehensive reform of social benefits is needed, focusing on pensions, unemployment benefits, child allowances, and social assistance.This paper - a product of the Country Operations Division, Europe and Central Asia, Country Department I - is part of a larger effort in the department to analyze the social dimensions of stabilization and adjustment.
Download or read book Social Safety Net and the Poor During the Transition written by Fareed M. A. Hassan and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poverty and Social Security in Bulgaria During Transition written by Rumen Dobrinsky and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Financing Government in the Transition Bulgaria written by Bogeti ?c, ?Zeljko and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995-01-01 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The IFC's new Global Agriculture Series features sectoral presentations of industry trends with specific emphasis on the developing countries. The series highlights the increasing importance of developing countries in the world economy as rapidly expanding markets and as competitive production bases. The information reported underlines the strong production assets of those countries and illustrates the investment opportunities this creates. To profile the high-growth poultry industry, the first volume in this series draws on intelligence collected from various public and private sources, including IFC client companies in numerous countries. Consumption of poultry meat has been growing at an exceptional rate over the past decade, spurred by the dietary benefits of this food and an attractive price relative to other meats. Its evolution in recent years epitomizes the emergence of developing countries as global competitors in the agribusiness sector. This report estimates that annual world consumption might grow by another 15-18 million tons by the end of the decade, making poultry the most popular meat in the world. This growth should support additional investments of roughly US$2 billion during this period, including US$0.7 to $0.9 billion for growers' production facilities and US$1 to $1.2 billion for integrators' production facilities. Estimates project that much of this investment will be undertaken in developing countries. The report presents an overview of the poultry production system and the key players in the supply chain, the global poultry market and regional production patterns, the main determinants of competitive advantage in this sector, and an analysis of international trade flows. The final chapter reviews the role of public policies in changes in consumption, production, and trade. Additonal features include color photos, charts, and tables
Download or read book Bulgaria written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Bulgaria written by Weltbank and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report aims to inform the discussion by summarizing recent World Bank analysis on the performance of the social safety net on the basis of the 2007 Multi-Topic Household Survey. It reviews the effectiveness of the main social safety net transfer programs in reducing poverty and assesses how well they are placed both to address the possible social impact of the crisis and to promote active social inclusion. It also reviews the effectiveness of recently introduced limits to eligibility to Guaranteed Minimum Income, the main social assistance benefit, which aimed at raising work incentives for beneficiaries. It finally lays out a set of policy recommendations on how to strengthen the social safety net to deal with the economic crisis in the short term as well as to promote employment activation and support broader a human development agenda over the medium term.
Download or read book Bulgaria written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Public Spending and the Poor written by Dominique Van de Walle and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book offers a critical assessment of the state of current knowledge on the distributional impacts of public spending for developing and transition countries. It focuses on the distribution of benefits from spending categories that have traditionally been seen as pro-poor, including education and health expenditures, food subsidies, cash transfers, and public employment schemes.
Download or read book Activity Incomes and Social Welfare written by Manuela Sofia Stanculescu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-10-24 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes and quantifies the major socioeconomic changes that have occurred in four new member states of the EU (Slovenia, Hungary, Romania and Bulgaria) since the early 1990s. The period covered was a particularly turbulent one, not only because of the transition process which was well underway but becase of the stablization packages and other economic, monetary and social policy measures, which have had a strong impact at individual and household levels. While previous comparable studies have been carried out, they cover the period only to the mid 1990s, thus this book contains unique and very valuable statistical and micro data. Within the broad framework of socioeconomic change, a number of topics are explored in greater detail. These include changes in activity, occupational status and educational attainment, household income sources and income inequality, and risk of income poverty. The analysis is based on household budget surveys and complemented with other statistical sources, enabling a coherent analysis of the impact of large changes in social policy at household level. The country chapters are all based on common methodological guidelines enabling comparisons to be drawn. This will be an invaluable book for researchers in comparative social policy, poverty and social stratification and economic sociology, and for specialists on Central and Eastern Europe.
Download or read book The Experience of Democratization in Eastern Europe written by Richard Sakwa and published by Springer. This book was released on 1999-05-17 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a selection of papers presented to the Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies held in Warsaw in August 1995, the book presents a broad cross-section of thinking about postcommunist developments in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Specialists from the region and the West apply their unique insights to challenge some conventional views on the transition. The book is both diverse and focused, suggesting that the experience of democratisation is an open-ended process in which those involved learn both from their own experience and from comparative transitions elsewhere. It provides a rich source for the comparative analysis of democratisation.
Download or read book Safety Net Programs and Poverty Reduction written by K. Subbarao and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1997 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The need for social safety nets has become a key component of poverty reduction strategies. Over the past three decades several developing countries have launched a variety of programs, including cash transfers, subsidies in-kind, public works, and income-generation programs. However, there is little guidance on appropriate program design, and few studies have synthesized the lessons from widely differing country experiences. This report fills that gap. It reviews the conceptual issues in the choice of programs, synthesizes cross-country experience, and analyzes how country- and region-specific constraints can explain why different approaches are successful in different countries.
Download or read book Assessing Household Vulnerability and Coping Strategies to Floods written by Israt Rayhan and published by Cuvillier Verlag. This book was released on 2008 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries written by David Coady and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on a database of more than one hundred anti-poverty interventions in 47 countries, 'Targeting of Transfers in Developing Countries' provides a general review of experiences with methods used to target interventions in transition and developing countries. Written for policymakers and program managers in developing countries, in donor agencies, and in NGOs who have responsibility for designing interventions that reach the poor, it conveys what targeting options are available, what results can be expected as well as information that will assist in choosing among them and in their implementation. Key messages are: - While targeting 'works' - the median program transfers 25 percent more to the poor than would a universal allocation - targeting performance around the world is highly variable. - Means testing, geographic targeting, and self-selection based on a work requirement are the most robustly progressive methods. Proxy means testing, community-based selection of individuals and demographic targeting to children show good results on average, but with considerable variation. - Demographic targeting to the elderly, community bidding, and self-selection based on consumption show limited potential for good targeting. - There is no single preferred method for all types of programs or all country contexts. Successful targeting depends critically on how a method is implemented. The CD-ROM includes the database of interventions, an annotated bibliography (PDF) and Spanish and Russian translations of the book (PDFs).
Download or read book Recharacterizing Restructuring written by Kerry Rittich and published by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. This book was released on 2002-10-16 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade, market-centered economic reforms have been implemented in a wide range of developing and transitional countries under the auspices of the international financial institutions. Whether or not they deliver the promised prosperity, they appear to be associated with widening economic inequality as well as disadvantage for particular social groups, among them women and workers. "Recharacterizing Restructuring" argues that such effects are neither temporary nor accidental. Instead, efforts to promote growth through greater efficiency inevitably engage distributive concerns. Change in the status of different groups is connected to the process of legal and institutional reform. Part I analyzes the place of law and institutional reform in current economic restructuring policies. Through post-realist legal analysis and institutional economics, it discusses the role of background legal rules in the allocation of resources and power among different groups. Part II traces how disadvantage might result for women in the course of economic reform, through an analysis of the World Bank's proposals for states in transition from plan to market economies. It considers such foundational issues as the place of unpaid work in economic activity, as well as the gendered nature of proposals to re-organize productive activity and the role of the state.
Download or read book Income Inequality and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Download or read book Reproducing Gender written by Susan Gal and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-04-13 with total page 453 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The striking fact that abortion was among the first issues raised, after 1989, by almost all of the newly formed governments of East Central Europe points to the significance of gender and reproduction in the postsocialist transformations. The fourteen studies in this volume result from a comparative, collaborative research project on the complex relationship between ideas and practices of gender, and political economic change. The book presents detailed evidence about women's and men's new circumstances in eight of the former communist countries, exploring the intersection of politics and the life cycle, the differential effects of economic restructuring, and women's public and political participation. Individual contributions on the former German Democratic Republic, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria provide rich empirical data and interpretive insights on postsocialist transformation analyzed from a gendered perspective. Drawing on multiple methods and disciplines, these original papers advance scholarship in several fields, including anthropology, sociology, women's studies, law, comparative political science, and regional studies. The analyses make clear that practices of gender, and ideas about the differences between men and women, have been crucial in shaping the broad social changes that have followed the collapse of communism. In addition to the editors, the contributors are Eleonora Zieliãska, Eva Maleck-Lewy, Myra Marx Ferree, Sharon Wolchik, Irene Dölling, Daphne Hahn, Sylka Scholz, Mira Marody, Anna Giza-Poleszczuk, Katalin Kovács, Mónika Váradi, Julia Szalai, Adriana Baban, MaÏgorzata Fuszara, Laura Grunberg, Zorica Mrseviâ, Krassimira Daskalova, Joanna Goven, and Jasmina Lukiâ.
