Download or read book Social Learning from Video Demonstrations in Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes Children Homo Sapiens and Ravens Corvus Corax written by Elizabeth E. Price and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The capacity for cumulatively complex and constructive technologies is a hallmark of human cognitive ability. Many species use tools, yet the breadth, adaptability, and inventiveness of human tool use distinguishes us. Such complex technological adaptations require the causal understanding to invent and perfect new techniques and the ability to copy perceived behaviours. This has led to considerable research comparing the social learning abilities of chimpanzees and young children on tool-using tasks, yet experimental studies directly investigating tool modification are rare. The studies outlined in this thesis sought to assess the social learning abilities of chimpanzees and children by manipulating both the complexity of a tool modification method and the amount of information available in a demonstration. Video demonstrations of conspecifics were used in lieu of live models, in order to manipulate the quality and quantity of information directly. Both chimpanzees and children presented with complete information about the modification process learned to combine two tools together to make a more efficient tool significantly more than those provided with less information. Unlike chimpanzees, children presented with a more perceptually opaque method of tool modification (twisting and extending an internal rod) were also able to socially learn the task, despite the fact that none of the children in the control condition successfully solved the task. Both children and chimpanzees who solved the task after seeing a demonstration also persisted in using the socially learned method two-weeks later, even when it was no longer necessary. These results identify potent social learning effects in both chimpanzees and children, however, children proved superior to chimpanzees in observationally learning finer manipulative techniques. This thesis also provides the first analysis of video stimuli in ravens. To assess the feasibility of the methodology, ravens were first presented with different types of video stimuli, varying in terms of the subject identity. Ravens showed a preference for video footage of other ravens over different species of birds. In a second study, ravens who saw a conspecific solve a two-step task were more likely to attempt a solution than those who had not. This represents the first evidence of social learning from a video demonstration in ravens and further supports the use of this medium to dissect social learning mechanisms in a range of species.
Download or read book Social Learning from Video Demonstrations in Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes Children Homo Sapiens and Ravens Corvus Corax written by Elizabeth E. Price and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Dissection of Observational Learning Among Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes and Children Homo Sapiens written by Lydia Meriel Hopper and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 618 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Culture and social learning in chimpanzees Pan troglodytes and children Homo sapiens written by Anthony Spiteri and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 572 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Causal Information and Social Learning in Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes and Children Homo Sapiens written by Victoria Kate Horner and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Evolution of Primate Social Cognition written by Laura Desirèe Di Paolo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-14 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This interdisciplinary volume brings together expert researchers coming from primatology, anthropology, ethology, philosophy of cognitive sciences, neurophysiology, mathematics and psychology to discuss both the foundations of non-human primate and human social cognition as well as the means there currently exist to study the various facets of social cognition. The first part focusses on various aspects of social cognition across primates, from the relationship between food and social behaviour to the connection with empathy and communication, offering a multitude of innovative approaches that range from field-studies to philosophy. The second part details the various epistemic and methodological means there exist to study social cognition, in particular how to ascertain the proximal and ultimate mechanisms of social cognition through experimental, modelling and field studies. In the final part, the mechanisms of cultural transmission in primate and human societies are investigated, and special attention is given to how the evolution of cognitive capacities underlie primates’ abilities to use and manufacture tools, and how this in turn influences their social ecology. A must-read for both, young scholars as well as established researchers!
Download or read book Apes Monkeys Children and the Growth of Mind written by Juan Carlos Gómez and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What can the study of young monkeys and apes tell us about the minds of young humans? In this fascinating introduction to the study of primate minds, Juan Carlos Gomez identifies evolutionary resemblances--and differences--between human children and other primates. He argues that primate minds are best understood not as fixed collections of specialized cognitive capacities, but more dynamically, as a range of abilities that can surpass their original adaptations. In a lively overview of a distinguished body of cognitive developmental research among nonhuman primates, Gomez looks at knowledge of the physical world, causal reasoning (including the chimpanzee-like errors that human children make), and the contentious subjects of ape language, theory of mind, and imitation. Attempts to teach language to chimpanzees, as well as studies of the quality of some primate vocal communication in the wild, make a powerful case that primates have a natural capacity for relatively sophisticated communication, and considerable power to learn when humans teach them. Gomez concludes that for all cognitive psychology's interest in perception, information-processing, and reasoning, some essential functions of mental life are based on ideas that cannot be explicitly articulated. Nonhuman and human primates alike rely on implicit knowledge. Studying nonhuman primates helps us to understand this perplexing aspect of all primate minds.
Download or read book Symbol mediated perceptual processing in children Homo sapiens and chimpanzees Pan troglodytes written by Sarah R. Poss and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Language Comprehension in Ape and Child written by E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Origins of Value Attribution in Children Homo Sapiens Sapiens and Chimpanzees Pan Troglodytes written by Maria John and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition written by Allison B. Kaufman and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-22 with total page 1032 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook lays out the science behind how animals think, remember, create, calculate, and remember. It provides concise overviews on major areas of study such as animal communication and language, memory and recall, social cognition, social learning and teaching, numerical and quantitative abilities, as well as innovation and problem solving. The chapters also explore more nuanced topics in greater detail, showing how the research was conducted and how it can be used for further study. The authors range from academics working in renowned university departments to those from research institutions and practitioners in zoos. The volume encompasses a wide variety of species, ensuring the breadth of the field is explored.
Download or read book Kanzi written by E. Sue Savage-Rumbaugh and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gaze Following written by Ross Flom and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2017-09-25 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What does a child’s ability to look where another is looking tell us about his or her early cognitive development? What does this ability—or lack thereof—tell us about a child’s language development, understanding of other’s intentions, and the emergence of autism? This volume assembles several years of research on the processing of gaze information and its relationship to early social-cognitive development in infants spanning many age groups. Gaze-Following examines how humans and non-human primates use another individual’s direction of gaze to learn about the world around them. The chapters throughout this volume address development in areas including joint attention, early non-verbal social interactions, language development, and theory of mind understanding. Offering novel insights regarding the significance of gaze-following, the editors present research from a neurological and a behavioral perspective, and compare children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. Scholars in the areas of cognitive development specifically, and developmental science more broadly, as well as clinical psychologists will be interested in the intriguing research presented in this volume.
Download or read book The Evolution of Social Behaviour written by Michael Taborsky and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 446 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How can the stunning diversity of social systems and behaviours seen in nature be explained? Drawing on social evolution theory, experimental evidence and studies conducted in the field, this book outlines the fundamental principles of social evolution underlying this phenomenal richness.To succeed in the competition for resources, organisms may either 'race' to be quicker than others, 'fight' for privileged access, or 'share' their efforts and gains. The authors show how the ecology and intrinsic attributes of organisms select for each of these strategies, and how a handful of straightforward concepts explain the evolution of successful decision rules in behavioural interactions, whether among members of the same or different species. With a broad focus ranging from microorganisms to humans, this is the first book to provide students and researchers with a comprehensive account of the evolution of sociality by natural selection.
Download or read book The Alex Studies written by Irene M. PEPPERBERG and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 20 years ago Pepperberg set out to discover whether results of pigeon studies necessarily meant that other birds were incapable of mastering cognitive concepts and the rudiments of referential speech. This is a synthesis of her studies.
Download or read book Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are written by Frans de Waal and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2016-04-25 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times bestseller: "A passionate and convincing case for the sophistication of nonhuman minds." —Alison Gopnik, The Atlantic Hailed as a classic, Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are? explores the oddities and complexities of animal cognition—in crows, dolphins, parrots, sheep, wasps, bats, chimpanzees, and bonobos—to reveal how smart animals really are, and how we’ve underestimated their abilities for too long. Did you know that octopuses use coconut shells as tools, that elephants classify humans by gender and language, and that there is a young male chimpanzee at Kyoto University whose flash memory puts that of humans to shame? Fascinating, entertaining, and deeply informed, de Waal’s landmark work will convince you to rethink everything you thought you knew about animal—and human—intelligence.
Download or read book Studying Animal Languages Without Translation An Insight from Ants written by Zhanna Reznikova and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-12-14 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Author of this new volume on ant communication demonstrates that information theory is a valuable tool for studying the natural communication of animals. To do so, she pursues a fundamentally new approach to studying animal communication and “linguistic” capacities on the basis of measuring the rate of information transmission and the complexity of transmitted messages. Animals’ communication systems and cognitive abilities have long-since been a topic of particular interest to biologists, psychologists, linguists, and many others, including researchers in the fields of robotics and artificial intelligence. The main difficulties in the analysis of animal language have to date been predominantly methodological in nature. Addressing this perennial problem, the elaborated experimental paradigm presented here has been applied to ants, and can be extended to other social species of animals that have the need to memorize and relay complex “messages”. Accordingly, the method opens exciting new dimensions in the study of natural communications in the wild.
