Download or read book Social Cleavage and Political Parties in the Post Marcos Philippines written by Carl Herman Landé and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "One of the legacies of Ferdinand Marcos' "constitutional authoritarianism" has been the near-displacement of the two old and well established political parties which monopolized Philippine politics before martial law. Today they are only minor players on the Philippine political stage. Their weakness, shown by their failure to withstand the six short years between the abolition of the Philippine Congress in 1972 and the holding of the elections in 1978 for Marcos' Interim Legislative Assembly, reveals one of the major flaws of pre-martial law Philippine democracy: The absence of a strong, responsive and responsible party system. We attribute the early successes and later weaknesses of the old parties to their failure to reflect in their rivalry the major social cleavages of Philippine society. Since the parties were virtually identical in their demographic and socio-economic bases of support, they were indistinguishable in their policies as well. This created an appearance of national harmony by avoiding serious debate over socially divisive issues of national policy. It also served to personalize and trivialize election campaigns. But if political parties do not reflect the salient cleavages of a society and thus promote the discussion and resolution of social issues by democratic means, the social conflict may move outside the electoral arena and be addressed by force. This happened in the Philippines. In this paper, we examine election returns, census data and some data on the issue orientations of members of the new Congress with a view to discerning whether the divisions of the post-Marcos political party system better reflect major social cleavages. We found that there were clear differences between the geographic and socio-economic sources of support for the two major party coalitions. But these differences mainly reflect linguistic-regional loyalties--notably the presence or absence of Ilocano-speaking voters--to the principal presidential contenders of 1986. These differences between rival coalitions are not likely to endure after the last of the standard-bearers of 1986 have left the political scene. There were some minor differences in socio-economic sources of electoral support at the 1987 congressional election among the parties in the now dominant anti-Marcos coalition. yet these were not mirrored in the policy orientations of their Congressional blocks. Outside of the major coalitions however, the communist-led Alliance for a New Politics at the 1987 congressional election showed that it had both a class based and regional, if numerically limited, base of voter support. Its strongest predictor was farm tenancy. We conclude with an examination of the development of party systems in Latin American and Western Europe pertinent to the prospects and probable direction of change in the Philippines "catch-all" party system."
Download or read book Parties Movements and Democracy in the Developing World written by Nancy Bermeo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-12 with total page 243 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comparative study of the role of political parties and movements in the founding and survival of developing world democracies.
Download or read book The Architecture of Democracy written by Andrew Reynolds and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text discusses the successes and failures of constitutional design. Chapters analyse the effect of presidential and parliamentary systems, federalism and autonomy, and electoral systems.
Download or read book Philippine Political Culture written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Asia Case Studies in the Social Sciences A Guide for Teaching written by Myron L. Cohen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-09-16 with total page 651 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The material in this study is covered by Myron L. Cohen on religion and family organization in China; John R. Bowen on family, kinship, and Islam in Indonesia; Robert W. Hefner on hierarchy and stratification in Java; and Nancy Rosenberger on gender roles in Japan. Further material is provided by William W. Kelly on rural society in Japan; Theodore C. Bestor on urban life in Japan; Stephen R. Smith on the family in Japan; Doranne Jacobson on gender relations in India; Lawrence A. Babb on religion in India; Owen M. Lynch on stratification, inequality, and the caste system in India; Laurell Kendall on changing gender relations in Korea; Andrew G. Walder on comparative revolution in China and Vietnam, Maoism, and the sociology of work in China and Japan; Moni Nag on the comparative demography of China, Japan, and India; and Helen Hardacre on the new religions of Japan. Other contributors offering information through case studies are Hiroshi Ishida on stratification and mobility in Japan; Robert C. Liebman on work and education compared in Japan and the US; Joseph W. Elder on education, urban society, urban problems, and industrial society in India; Andrew J. Nathan on totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and democracy in China; Jean C. Oi on mobilisation and participation in China; Edwin A. Winckler on political development in Taiwan; Carl H. Lande on political parties and representation in the Philippines ; Clark N. Neher on political development and political participation in Thailand; and Benedict R. O'G. Anderson on political culture, the military, and authoritarianism in Indonesia. The final chapters of this work include studies by Stephen Philip Cohen on the military in India and Pakistan; Paul R. Brass on democracy and political participation in India; T.J. Pempel on Japanese democracy and political culture, political parties and representation, and bureaucracy in Japan; Han-kyo Kim on political development in South Korea; and Thomas G. Rawski on the economies of China and Japan.
Download or read book Party System Institutionalization in Asia written by Allen Hicken and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a comprehensive empirical and theoretical analysis of the development of parties and party systems in Asia. The studies included advance a unique perspective in the literature by focusing on the concept of institutionalization and by analyzing parties in democratic settings as well as in authoritarian settings. The countries covered in the book range from East Asia to Southeast Asia to South Asia.
Download or read book Parties and Parliaments in Southeast Asia written by Roland Rich and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Political parties are an essential ingredient in a modern democracy. They are also seen as the least trusted and most problematic institution in most democratic systems. While there have been attempts to strengthen parties through institutional design and capacity building, a new strategy has been to quarantine them from parts of parliament. Within the space of a few years the Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia implemented designs for parliamentary representation that proscribed the established political parties from a parliamentary chamber or part thereof. Using these three countries as case studies, this book traces the historical context for institutional designs, the intentions behind them and their implementation through at least one full parliamentary term. It investigates the conceptual architecture of the non-partisan designs, identifying corporatism as one (discredited) alternative and "championship" as another. While there is a yearning for exemplary people as representatives, the designers have struggled to find a successful means of having these champions elected to office. The book concludes that non-partisan chambers, based on the evidence to date, are not viable. This book is of interest to scholars of Southeast Asian Politics, Party Politics, Governance Institutions and Democracy.
Download or read book AccessAsia written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rocky Road to Democracy written by Nona Grandea and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Political Parties in Conflict prone Societies written by Ben Reilly and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Well-functioning political parties are essential components of democracy. They organize voters, aggregate and articulate interests, craft policy alternatives, recruit and socialize new candidates for office, set policy-making agendas, integrate disparate groups and individuals into the democratic process, and provide the basis for coordinated electoral and legislative activity. But political parties in many developing democracies remain weak and underdeveloped, often being based around personal, ethnic or regional ties rather than national interests. Today, with more states deciding their leaders through multiparty elections than ever before, many developing democracies seek to shape the development of political parties and party systems by regulating the way parties can form, organize and behave. Most of these ambitious initiatives and innovations emanate from new democracies rather than established Western examples. This volume examines this growing trend in conflict-prone societies towards promoting stable and inclusive political parties via political party regulation and engineering in developing democracies around the world.
Download or read book The Global Political Economy of Israel written by Jonathan Nitzan and published by Pluto Press. This book was released on 2002-08-20 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The debate about globalisation and its discontents
Download or read book Soeharto s New Order and Its Legacy written by Edward Aspinall and published by ANU E Press. This book was released on 2010-08-01 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indonesia's President Soeharto led one of the most durable and effective authoritarian regimes of the second half of the twentieth century. Yet his rule ended in ignominy, and much of the turbulence and corruption of the subsequent years was blamed on his legacy. More than a decade after Soeharto's resignation, Indonesia is a consolidating democracy and the time has come to reconsider the place of his regime in modern Indonesian history, and its lasting impact. This book begins this task by bringing together a collection of leading experts on Indonesia to examine Soeharto and his legacy from diverse perspectives. In presenting their analyses, these authors pay tribute to Harold Crouch, an Australian political scientist who remains one of the greatest chroniclers of the Soeharto regime and its aftermath.
Download or read book Party Systems and Voter Alignments Cross national Perspectives written by Seymour Martin Lipset and published by New York : Free Press. This book was released on 1967 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Turkey The Pendulum between Military Rule and Civilian Authoritarianism written by Fatih Çağatay Cengiz and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 279 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Turkey: The Pendulum between Military Rule and Civilian Authoritarianism, Fatih Çağatay Cengiz explains Turkey’s trajectory of military and civilian authoritarianism while offering an alternative framework for understanding the Kemalist state and state-society relations.
Download or read book Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy written by Michael Albertus and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-01-25 with total page 326 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book argues that - in terms of institutional design, the allocation of power and privilege, and the lived experiences of citizens - democracy often does not restart the political game after displacing authoritarianism. Democratic institutions are frequently designed by the outgoing authoritarian regime to shield incumbent elites from the rule of law and give them an unfair advantage over politics and the economy after democratization. Authoritarianism and the Elite Origins of Democracy systematically documents and analyzes the constitutional tools that outgoing authoritarian elites use to accomplish these ends, such as electoral system design, legislative appointments, federalism, legal immunities, constitutional tribunal design, and supermajority thresholds for change. The study provides wide-ranging evidence for these claims using data that spans the globe and dates from 1800 to the present. Albertus and Menaldo also conduct detailed case studies of Chile and Sweden. In doing so, they explain why some democracies successfully overhaul their elite-biased constitutions for more egalitarian social contracts.
Download or read book Authoritarian Landscapes written by Steve Hess and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-02 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The turbulent year of 2011 has brought the appearance of mass popular unrest and the collapse of long lived autocratic regimes in Egypt, Tunisia, Libya and possibly Syria. The sudden and unanticipated fall of these regimes – often thought of as exemplars of authoritarian resilience - has brought much of the conventional wisdom on the durability and vulnerability of nondemocratic regimes into question. This book seeks to advance the existing literature by treating the autocratic state not as a unitary actor characterized by strength or weakness but rather as a structure or terrain that can alternatively inhibit or facilitate the appearance of national level forms of protests. In the mode of the Arab Spring, the color revolutions of the former Soviet Union, and the people power movement of the Philippines, such movements overcome the daunting impediments presented by autocrats, appeal to likeminded counterparts across society, and overwhelm the ability of regimes to maintain order. Conversely, in other settings, such as contemporary China, decentralized state structures provide an inhospitable environment for national-level protest, leading collective actors to opt for more local and parochial forms of contention. This outcome produces paradoxical situations, such as in the PRC, where protests are frequent but national-level mobilization and coordination is absent.
Download or read book Coalitions of the Well being written by Joel Sawat Selway and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why do some developing countries have more efficient health systems and better health outcomes? Contrary to existing theory that posits the superiority of proportional representation (PR) rules on public-goods provision, this book argues that electoral rules function differently given the underlying ethnic structure. In countries with low ethnic salience, PR has the same positive effect as in past theories. In countries with high ethnic salience, the geographic distribution of ethnic groups further matters: where they are intermixed, PR rules are worse for health outcomes; where they are isolated, neither rule is superior. The theory is supported through a combination of careful analysis of electoral reform in individual country cases with numerous well-designed cross-country comparisons. The case studies include Thailand, Mauritius, Malaysia, Botswana, Burma and Indonesia. The theory has broad implications for electoral rule design and suggests a middle ground in the debate between the Consociational and Centripetal schools of thought.
