Download or read book Snow cloud Discrimination written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main objective of this investigation was to evaluate the usefulness of the data from the S192 Multispectral Scanner aboard Skylab in snow-cloud discrimination. From the available S192 screening films and digital tape data, the reflectance characteristics of snow, ice, and water clouds in different spectral bands from the visible into the near infrared spectral region can be determined. In the visible part of the spectrum, snow, ice, and water clouds appear white. In the near infrared, Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers), water clouds are white, ice clouds are gray and snow is black. The ratio of the radiance values in Band 6 (0.68 to 0.76 micrometers to Band 11 (1.55 to 1.75 micrometers appears to provide a method for discriminating between snow cover, ice, and water clouds. (Author).
Download or read book Snow cloud Discrimination written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Snow cloud Discrimination in Multispectral Satellite Imagery Using an Experimental Near infrared Sensor written by J. K. Dodd and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A Snow cloud Discrimination Algorithm for the GOES 8 Sounder written by Shaima L. Nasiri and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Automated Satellite Cloud Analysis written by Robert C. Allen (Jr.) and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 114 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An algorithm is developed and evaluated for discriminating among clouds, snow cover and clear land. The multispectral technique uses daytime images of AVHRR channels 1 (0.63 microns, 3 (3.7 microns) and 4 (11.0 microns). Reflectance is derived for channel 3 by using the channel 4 emission temperature to estimate and remove the channel 3 thermal emission. Separation of clouds from snow and land is based primarily on this derived channel 3 reflectance. Using this technique, observed reflectance in channel 3 is 2 to 4% for snow, 3 to 10 % for land, 2 to 27 % for ice clouds and 8 to 36 % for liquid clouds. These values overlap for thin cirrus and snow, so the routine than attempts analysis of cirrus based on its different transmissive properties between channels 3 and 4. Six images were analyzed and the total cloud cover was verified against a total of 110 conventional surface observations using the standard categories of clear, scattered, broken and overcast. The routine was quite successful, with the analyzed sky cover being within category for 55% of the stations, one category different for 33%, 2 categories different for 9% and 3 categories for 3% of the stations. A major remaining problem is discrimination between ice clouds and snow cover due to the great similarity of reflective properties of there two surfaces.
Download or read book Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author).
Download or read book Spectral Radiance of Snow and Clouds in the Near Infrared Spectral Region written by Francis R. Valovcin and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The near infrared spectral radiance measurements of snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds taken by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory's flying laboratory are evaluated. From the analysis of the 124 specra obtained, the spectral radiances or reflectance characteristics of snow and cirrus and cumulus clouds between 5500 and 7000/cm (1.82-1.43 micrometers were determined. Snow/cloud discrimination can be made by utilizing a sensor in the 5500 to 7000/ cm spectral region. Based on the analysis of these data, certain snow/cloud design parameters were identified; that is, slope of the spectral radiance, absolute spectral and/or total radiance, and the location and value of the maximum spectral radiance for the snow and cirrus and cumulus cloud backgrounds. Finally, specific recommendations are made for an optimal operational snow/cloud discrimination radiometer. (Author)
Download or read book Nowcasting SAF Investigations of NOAA AVHRR 3 1 6 Micrometer Imagery for Snow Cloud and Sunglint Discrimination written by Otto Hyvarinen and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Improved Cloud Detection Utilizing Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Near Infrared Measurements written by James T. Bunting and published by . This book was released on 1982 with total page 96 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Air Force Surveys in Geophysics written by and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Advances in Hydro Meteorological Monitoring written by Tommaso Moramarco and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Advances in Hydro-Meteorological Monitoring" that was published in Water
Download or read book Introduction to Aquifer Analysis written by Michael Kasenow and published by Water Resources Publication. This book was released on 1997 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Fundamentals of Remote Sensing written by George Joseph and published by Universities Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 522 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the fundamental concepts covering various stages of remote sensing from data collection to end utilization, so that it can be appreciated irrespective of the discipline in which the reader has graduated. The physical principles on which remote sensing are based has been explained without getting into complicated mathematical equations.
Download or read book Remote Sensing in Northern Hydrology written by Claude R. Dugua and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 2005-01-14 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Geophysical Monograph Series, Volume 163. The North, with its vast and varied landscapes, sparse population, and cold climate has always challenged its explorers: physically, mentally, logistically, and technically. The scientific community in particular has known such challenges in the past and does so today, especially in light of the projected intensification of climate change at high latitudes. Indeed, there are clear signs that change is already ongoing in many environmental variables: Air temperature and annual precipitation (including snowfall) are increasing in many regions; spring snow cover extent is decreasing; lake and river ice freeze-up dates are occurring later and breakup dates earlier; glaciers are retreating rapidly; permafrost temperatures are increasing and, in many cases, the permafrost is thawing; and sea-ice extent is at record minimums and thinning.
Download or read book Earth Science Satellite Remote Sensing written by John J. Qu and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-05-18 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides information on the Earth science remote sensing data information and data format such as HDF-EOS. It evaluates the current data processing approaches and introduces data searching and ordering from different public domains. It further explores the remote sensing and GIS migration products and WebGIS applications. Both volumes are designed to give an introduction to current and future NASA, NOAA and other Earth science remote sensing.
Download or read book Earth Resources written by and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 758 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports written by and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
