Download or read book Small scale Spatio temporal Dynamics of Snowmelt and Its Influence on Runoff Generation in a High Alpine Catchment written by Tristan Jonas Brauchli and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mots-clés de l'auteur: Snowmelt ; High Alpine Catchment ; Complex Terrain ; Runoff Generation ; Spatio-temporal Variability ; Snow Distribution ; Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) ; Physically Based Modeling.
Download or read book Spatial Variability of Snowmelt Water Balances in a Subarctic Catchment Wolf Creek Yukon written by Stephen Edward McCartney and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The intra-basin variability of snowmelt and meltwater runoff hydrology in an 8 km2 subarctic alpine tundra catchment was examined for the 2003 melt period. The catchment, Granger Creek, is within the Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon which is typical of mountain subarctic landscapes in north-western Canada. The study catchment was segmented into nine internally uniform zones termed Landscape Units (LUs) based on their similar hydrological, physiographic, vegetation and soil properties. Snow accumulation exhibited significant variability among the LUs, with greatest snow water equivalent in areas of tall shrub vegetation. Melt began first on southerly exposures and at lower elevations, yet average melt rates for the study period varied little among LU s with the exception of those with strong aspects. In LUs with capping organic soils, meltwater first infiltrated this surface horizon, satisfying its storage capacity and then percolated into the frozen mineral substrate. Infiltration and percolation into frozen mineral soils was restricted where melt occurred rapidly and organic soils were thin; in this case meltwater delivery rates exceeded the frozen mineral soil infiltration rate, resulting in high runoff rates. In contrast, where there were slower meltrates and thick organic soils, infiltration was unlimited and runoff was suppressed. The snow water equivalent had a large impact on runoff generation as soil storage capacity was quickly surpassed in areas of deep snow, diverting the bulk of meltwater laterally to the drainage network. A spatially distributed water balance indicated that snowmelt freshet was primarily controlled by areas with tall shrub vegetation that accumulate large quantities of snow and by alpine areas with no capping organic soils. The intra-basin water balance variability has important implications for modeling freshet in hydrological models"--Leaves ii-iii
Download or read book Space time Dynamics of Runoff Generation in a Snowmelt dominated Montane Catchment written by Russell Smith and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Spatial Variability of Snowmelt Water Balances in a Subarctic Catchment Wolf Creek Yukon written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intra-basin variability of snowmelt and meltwater runoff hydrology in an 8 km2 subarctic alpine tundra catchment was examined for the 2003 melt period. The catchment, Granger Creek, is within the Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon which is typical of mountain subarctic landscapes in north-western Canada. The study catchment was segmented into nine internally uniform zones termed Landscape Units (LUs) based on their similar hydrological, physiographic, vegetation and soil properties. Snow accumulation exhibited significant variability among the LUs, with greatest snow water equivalent in areas of tall shrub vegetation. Melt began first on southerly exposures and at lower elevations, yet average melt rates for the study period varied little among LUs with the exception of those with strong aspects. In LUs with capping organic soils, meltwater first infiltrated this surface horizon, satisfying its storage capacity and then percolated into the frozen mineral substrate. Infiltration and percolation into frozen mineral soils was restricted where melt occurred rapidly and organic soils were thin; in this case meltwater delivery rates exceeded the frozen mineral soil infiltration rate, resulting in high runoff rates. In contrast, where there were slower meltrates and thick organic soils, infiltration was unlimited and runoff was suppressed. The snow water equivalent had a large impact on runoff generation as soil storage capacity was quickly surpassed in areas of deep snow, diverting the bulk of meltwater laterally to the drainage network. A spatially distributed water balance indicated that snowmelt freshet was primarily controlled by areas with tall shrub vegetation that accumulate large quantities of snow and by alpine areas with no capping organic soils. The intra-basin water balance variability has important implications for modeling freshet in hydrological models.
Download or read book Spatial Variability of Snowmelt Water Balances in a Subarctic Catchment Wolf Creek Yukon written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The intra-basin variability of snowmelt and meltwater runoff hydrology in an 8 km2 subarctic alpine tundra catchment was examined for the 2003 melt period. The catchment, Granger Creek, is within the Wolf Creek Research Basin, Yukon which is typical of mountain subarctic landscapes in north-western Canada. The study catchment was segmented into nine internally uniform zones termed Landscape Units (LUs) based on their similar hydrological, physiographic, vegetation and soil properties. Snow accumulation exhibited significant variability among the LUs, with greatest snow water equivalent in areas of tall shrub vegetation. Melt began first on southerly exposures and at lower elevations, yet average melt rates for the study period varied little among LUs with the exception of those with strong aspects. In LUs with capping organic soils, meltwater first infiltrated this surface horizon, satisfying its storage capacity and then percolated into the frozen mineral substrate. Infiltration and percolation into frozen mineral soils was restricted where melt occurred rapidly and organic soils were thin; in this case meltwater delivery rates exceeded the frozen mineral soil infiltration rate, resulting in high runoff rates. In contrast, where there were slower meltrates and thick organic soils, infiltration was unlimited and runoff was suppressed. The snow water equivalent had a large impact on runoff generation as soil storage capacity was quickly surpassed in areas of deep snow, diverting the bulk of meltwater laterally to the drainage network. A spatially distributed water balance indicated that snowmelt freshet was primarily controlled by areas with tall shrub vegetation that accumulate large quantities of snow and by alpine areas with no capping organic soils. The intra-basin water balance variability has important implications for modeling freshet in hydrological models.
Download or read book Chemical Biomarkers in Aquatic Ecosystems written by Thomas S. Bianchi and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This textbook provides a unique and thorough look at the application of chemical biomarkers to aquatic ecosystems. Defining a chemical biomarker as a compound that can be linked to particular sources of organic matter identified in the sediment record, the book indicates that the application of these biomarkers for an understanding of aquatic ecosystems consists of a biogeochemical approach that has been quite successful but underused. This book offers a wide-ranging guide to the broad diversity of these chemical biomarkers, is the first to be structured around the compounds themselves, and examines them in a connected and comprehensive way. This timely book is appropriate for advanced undergraduate and graduate students seeking training in this area; researchers in biochemistry, organic geochemistry, and biogeochemistry; researchers working on aspects of organic cycling in aquatic ecosystems; and paleoceanographers, petroleum geologists, and ecologists. Provides a guide to the broad diversity of chemical biomarkers in aquatic environments The first textbook to be structured around the compounds themselves Describes the structure, biochemical synthesis, analysis, and reactivity of each class of biomarkers Offers a selection of relevant applications to aquatic systems, including lakes, rivers, estuaries, oceans, and paleoenvironments Demonstrates the utility of using organic molecules as tracers of processes occurring in aquatic ecosystems, both modern and ancient
Download or read book Chemical Export to River Systems from the Critical Zone written by Carl I. Steefel and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-11-30 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Runoff Prediction in Ungauged Basins written by Günter Blöschl and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2013-04-18 with total page 491 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Predicting water runoff in ungauged water catchment areas is vital to practical applications such as the design of drainage infrastructure and flooding defences, runoff forecasting, and for catchment management tasks such as water allocation and climate impact analysis. This full colour book offers an impressive synthesis of decades of international research, forming a holistic approach to catchment hydrology and providing a one-stop resource for hydrologists in both developed and developing countries. Topics include data for runoff regionalisation, the prediction of runoff hydrographs, flow duration curves, flow paths and residence times, annual and seasonal runoff, and floods. Illustrated with many case studies and including a final chapter on recommendations for researchers and practitioners, this book is written by expert authors involved in the prestigious IAHS PUB initiative. It is a key resource for academic researchers and professionals in the fields of hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, soil science, and environmental and civil engineering.
Download or read book Predictions in Ungauged Basins written by Murugesu Sivapalan and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 534 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book A High resolution Distributed Snowmelt Model in an Alpine Catchment written by Michael T. Colee and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Principles of Snow Hydrology written by David R. DeWalle and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-07-03 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Snow Hydrology describes the factors that control the accumulation, melting and runoff of water from seasonal snowpacks over the surface of the earth. The book addresses not only the basic principles governing snow in the hydrologic cycle, but also the latest applications of remote sensing, and techniques for modeling streamflow from snowmelt across large mixed land-use river basins. Individual chapters are devoted to climatology and distribution of snow, snowpack energy exchange, snow chemistry, ground-based measurements and remote sensing of snowpack characteristics, snowpack management, and modeling snowmelt runoff. Many chapters have review questions and problems with solutions available online. This book is a reference book for practicing water resources managers and a text for advanced hydrology and water resources courses which span fields such as engineering, earth sciences, meteorology, biogeochemistry, forestry and range management, and water resources planning.
Download or read book Isotopes in the Water Cycle written by Pradeep K. Aggarwal and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 377 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Environmental isotope and nuclear techniques provide unmatched insights into the processes governing the water cycle and its variability. This monograph presents state of the art applications and new developments of isotopes in hydrology, environmental disciplines and climate change studies. Coverage ranges from the assessment of groundwater resources in terms of recharge and flow regime to studies of the past and present global environmental and climate changes.
Download or read book Hydrogeology Chemical Weathering and Soil Formation written by Allen Hunt and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Explores soil as a nexus for water, chemicals, and biologically coupled nutrient cycling Soil is a narrow but critically important zone on Earth's surface. It is the interface for water and carbon recycling from above and part of the cycling of sediment and rock from below. Hydrogeology, Chemical Weathering, and Soil Formation places chemical weathering and soil formation in its geological, climatological, biological and hydrological perspective. Volume highlights include: The evolution of soils over 3.25 billion years Basic processes contributing to soil formation How chemical weathering and soil formation relate to water and energy fluxes The role of pedogenesis in geomorphology Relationships between climate soils and biota Soils, aeolian deposits, and crusts as geologic dating tools Impacts of land-use change on soils The American Geophysical Union promotes discovery in Earth and space science for the benefit of humanity. Its publications disseminate scientific knowledge and provide resources for researchers, students, and professionals. Find out more about this book from this Q&A with the Editors
Download or read book Hydrologic Variations Owing to Snowmelt Changes in the Mid Latitudes written by Chanse M. Ford and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Snowmelt is a critical hydrologic process in high latitude, non-alpine settings. The water stored in seasonal snowpacks melts in the spring months leading to increased spring streamflow and creating shallow groundwater recharge that helps sustain streams throughout the year from the contributions of baseflow. Many regions across the globe have experienced changes to snowpack dynamics and melt patterns due to increased winter temperatures resulting from global climate change. Currently, most of the research into the changing snowmelt hydrology has been focused on mountainous regions where snowpacks make up larger portions of those regions' annual water budget. There is little research in these mid-latitude, non-alpine areas and the available research focuses on small areas or examines only one component of the hydrologic system.These understudied regions that receive seasonal snowfall require more thorough examination as changes to winter and spring snow can have negative societal consequences, especially in one of the world's largest freshwater reservoirs of the Great Lakes.This dissertation contributes to the scientific knowledgebase regarding snowmelt dynamics in non-alpine settings. Novel statistical analyses are utilized to assess the amount of change to winter temperatures and the effects on snowmelt hydrology across spatial scales and decades of observational data. The results from these analyses are then used as a lens to simulate the landscape hydrology to quantify changes to shallow groundwater recharge, which is difficult to assess from empirical data alone. These findings also lead to an examination of the potential economic effects resulting from changes to the snowpack.Chapter 1 lays the groundwork for this dissertation by describing the relevance of the research and gives a brief overview of the different components. The foundational methodology is developed in Chapter 2, where a combination of observed physical data and outputs from several snow and precipitation models are used to classify winters in Michigan from 2003-2017 as warm or cool and quantify the hydrologic changes in those different winter types. The results show warmer winters had less overall snow, which melted earlier contributing to earlier and lower spring stream flows and increased net recharge of groundwater. Chapter 3 then takes this methodology and applies it to the entire eastern portion of the United States that receives seasonal snow from 1960-2019, with results similar to the preceding chapter, and demonstrating that these snow hydrology changes are not limited to Michigan or to the more recent decades. These findings then culminate in Chapter 4, where the Landscape Hydrology Model simulates the snowpack, surface flows and groundwater recharge in Michigan from 2000-2019. These fully distributed simulations show the decreased snow and periodic melting in warm winters has led to increased groundwater recharge and decreased surface flows. Chapter 5 concludes this dissertation by examining the downhill ski industry in Michigan using industry statistics and operational data from the Shanty Creek Resorts, describing the potential economic challenges in a warming future.
Download or read book Snowmelt and Streamflow in the Central Sierra Nevada written by Lee Harold MacDonald and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both forest harvest and cloud-seeding are believed to enhance late spring runoff in snow-dominated areas. This study used a water balance model and a field experiment to investigate the linkage between late-season snowmelt and streamflow in the mid-elevation snow zone of California's Central Sierra Nevada. The field experiment was designed to simulate the hydrologic effects of cutting small forest openings. The simulated snowmelt also created a statistically significantly lag in the soil moisture drying curves between the treated and the control plots. Tensiometer and soil moisture block data indicated that this difference persisted for at least 4-6 weeks in most locations. A bromide tracer was added to the simulated snowmelt. Less than one percent of the tracer left the catchment as surface flow in the summer following the experiment. The highest bromide concentrations were observed during high runoff events in the following winter. Suction lysimeters indicated that the initial movement of the tracer was largely consistent with a simple advection equation. Declining hydraulic conductivity due to evapotranspiration and gravitational drainage was the most important factor limiting the downslope movement of the simulated snowmelt. The porous bedrock in the experimental catchment makes it difficult to extrapolate to other sites. Nevertheless, the results suggest that cutting small forest openings to capture snow and delay melt will prove ineffective. Delayed or increased snowmelt can enhance late spring and early summer streamflow, but it is unlikely to increase late summer streamflow in the mid-elevation snow zone of the Central Sierra Nevada.--Adapted from abstract.
Download or read book Evolution of Snow Affected Water Resources in a Warming Climate written by Zhaoxin Ban and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 26% of the world's land area and ~8% of its population depend on snowmelt as the primary water source. A typical example is the western U.S. (WUS), where snowmelt has been the center of streamflow research for the past two decades. Under climate warming, snow's contribution to streamflow will decrease, increasing the uncertainty of streamflow fluctuations and challenging streamflow forecasting and management that are based on traditional snow-based methods. Addressing these challenges requires a deep understanding of the linkages among warming, snowmelt, and other runoff-generating processes and how they affect future streamflow. In my dissertation, I take the WUS as an example, using hydrologic modeling and in-situ data to explore the following questions: 1. How does seasonal warming affect annual streamflow in different watersheds, and why? 2. What composes runoff during water-scarce seasons, and how does the composition change under warming? 3. What mechanism dominates annual runoff decline under warming in snow-affected areas, and how do its dynamics affect the evolution of runoff? In 1, I found and explained an asymmetrical pattern that controls annual streamflow response to seasonal warming, which indicates the cooler, inland region streamflow is more sensitive to warm season warming, whereas warmer, coastal region streamflow is more sensitive to cool season warming. I found this asymmetry is explained by the bell-shape variation of evapotranspiration-temperature sensitivity as a function of increasing temperature, filling a long-lasting gap in the sub-annual linkages between water and climate in WUS. In 2, I developed a custom-period water source partition algorithm that uses a handful of output variables from land surface models to quantify the fractional contribution of custom-period rainfall to custom-period streamflow. Using this algorithm, I detected an increasing contribution of seasonal rainfall to summer streamflow under warming, which shed light on the evolution of a new dynamic for summer streamflow generation in the water-short WUS. In 3, I explored the ongoing runoff decline under warming across major WUS snow-covered regions and explored the linkage between the evolving trend dynamics with changing snow. In three major snow-covered basins, I discovered a smaller warming-sensitivity of runoff under a warmer climate with fixed precipitation, which could break the long-lasting static mechanism paradigm that governs hydrologic dynamics and a more rigorous assessment of future streamflow. In summary, the dissertation provides important contributions to understanding ongoing and future runoff evolution in WUS snow-affected regions under a warmer future.
Download or read book Hillslope Hydrology written by M. J. Kirkby and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 1978 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A complete guide to the behavior of water on graded land Hillslope Hydrology provides a comprehensive introduction to the behavior of water on a slope. Describing the fates of precipitation, the mechanics of runoff, and the calculations involved in assessment, this book clarifies the complex interplay of soils, sediment, subsurface flow, overland flow, saturation, erosion, and more. An ideal resource for graduate students of Earth science, environmental science, civil engineering, architecture, landscape management, and related fields, this informative guide provides the essential information needed to work effectively with graded land or predict outcomes of precipitation.
