Download or read book Small Firm Ownership and Credit Constraints in India written by Rajesh Raj S. N. and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2020-12-23 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are considered the backbone of the Indian economy, but limited access to external finance can be a major constraint which hinders their growth and productivity. This barrier acts as a double-edged sword in the case of women and socially disadvantaged owners who are also subjected to discrimination in credit markets. This book investigates the role of credit constraints in determining the performance of MSMEs in India and considers how gender- and caste-based prejudices influence and inform a firm owner’s access to formal credit. Combining micro-econometric techniques with large-scale firm surveys, it offers readers new findings, which shed light on the effect of ownership characteristics on credit access and firm performance. It also examines recent credit policy initiatives aimed at weaker sections of society including Scheduled Caste (SC), Scheduled Tribe (ST) and women-owned enterprises and puts forward valuable policy recommendations. This volume will serve as a useful reference text for students and researchers of economics, finance, business and management, entrepreneurship, credit policy, development economics, caste discrimination, gender discrimination and South Asian studies.

Download or read book Small Firm Ownership and Credit Constraints in India written by Rajesh Raj S. N. and published by Routledge India. This book was released on 2020-12 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are considered the backbone of the Indian economy, but limited access to external finance can be a major constraint which hinders their growth and productivity. This barrier acts as a double-edged sword in the case of women and socially disadvantaged owners who are also subjected to discrimination in credit markets. This book investigates the role of credit constraints in determining the performance of MSMEs in India and considers how gender- and caste-based prejudices influence and inform a firm owner's access to formal credit. Combining micro-econometric techniques with large-scale firm surveys, it offers readers new findings which shed light on the effect of ownership characteristics on credit access and firm performance. It also examines recent credit policy initiatives aimed at weaker sections of society including Scheduled Caste, Scheduled Tribe and women owned enterprises and puts forward valuable policy recommendations. This volume will serve as a useful reference text for students and researchers of economics, finance, business and management, entrepreneurship, credit policy, development economics, caste discrimination, gender discrimination and South Asian studies"--

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Post Reform Indian Economy written by Rajesh Raj S. N. and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-11-26 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook presents a comprehensive study of the post-reform Indian economy, three decades after the economic liberalization started in the early 1990s. It studies the broad range of changes that were introduced in the reforms era, assessing their impact on sectors like manufacturing, agriculture, banking and finance, among others. It also assesses the performance of these sectors amid globalization and the socio-economic shifts in the country. The volume evaluates the contribution of the reforms to social transformation, social inclusion, sustainability and human development, and deliberates on the gains, blind spots and limitations. With contributions from scholars across the country, case studies and comparative analyses that draw on data analysis, econometric evidence and historical sensibility, this is an authoritative volume on the reforms of the 1990s and their impact on the Indian economy and people. Topical and the first of its kind, the book will be a useful resource for scholars and researchers of economics, development studies, political economy, management studies, public policy and political studies.

Download or read book Enterprise Size Financing Patterns and Credit Constraints in Brazil written by Anjali Kumar and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005-01-01 with total page 73 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Enterprise Size, Financing Patterns, and Credit Constraints in Brazil' investigates the importance of firm size with respect to accessing credit. The principal findings are that size strongly affects access to credit compared to firm performance, and other factors, such as management education, location or the industrial sector to which the firm belongs. Additional findings are that the impact of size on access to credit is greater for longer term loans and that public financial institutions are more likely to lend to large firms. Finally, financial access constraints may have a less significant differential impact across firms of different sizes than other constraints, though cost of finance as a constraint is very important.

Download or read book The Job Ladder written by Gary S. Fields and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2023-03-09 with total page 423 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Based on studies of a range of countries in the Global South, this book examines heterogeneity within informal work by applying a common conceptual framework and empirical methodology. The country studies use panel data to study the dynamics of worker transitions between formal and heterogeneous informal work and present a comparative perspective across developing countries in Asia, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa, and North Africa and the Middle East. Each study provides a nuanced view of informality, dividing workers into six work statuses: formal wage-employees, upper-tier informal wage-employees, lower-tier informal wage employees, formal self-employed, and upper-tier informal self-employed. Based on this common conceptual framework, the country studies examine the distribution of workers across each of these work statuses, and document transition patterns across different formality and work statuses. The panel data analysed in each country study provide a basis for making statements about labour market transitions that are not warranted when using comparable cross-sections. The studies also examine the individual- and household-level characteristics associated with workers in each work status. Using these characteristics, each study constructs a 'job ladder' that ranks each work status, and then examines the characteristics of workers that are associated with transitions up (and down) the job ladder.

Download or read book Identifying Binding Constraints to Growth written by Mr.Mauricio Vargas and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-14 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As emphasized by Hausmann, Rodrik and Velasco, the policy challenge of boosting growth requires prioritization and identifying what are the most binding constraints. This paper draws on firm-level data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey, which suggests that the obstacles for the functioning of firms is related to firm size. Recognizing the potential endogeneity and simultaneity between firms' constraints and firm size, we implement an Ordered-Probit model with a potential categorical endogenous regressor to estimate, for the case of Bolivia, the conditional probability of facing obstacles given the firm size category, while controlling for other factors. The results confirm the importance of allowing for the roles of firm size in identifying constraints and suggest priorities for policies to remove constraints to economic performance.

Download or read book The Determinants of Financing Obstacles written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Trouble in the Making written by Mary Hallward-Driemeier and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2017-10-12 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technology and globalization are threatening manufacturing’s traditional ability to deliver both productivity and jobs at a large scale for unskilled workers. Concerns about widening inequality within and across countries are raising questions about whether interventions are needed and how effective they could be. Trouble in the Making? The Future of Manufacturing-Led Development addresses three questions: - How has the global manufacturing landscape changed and why does this matter for development opportunities? - How are emerging trends in technology and globalization likely to shape the feasibility and desirability of manufacturing-led development in the future? - If low wages are going to be less important in defining competitiveness, how can less industrialized countries make the most of new opportunities that shifting technologies and globalization patterns may bring? The book examines the impacts of new technologies (i.e., the Internet of Things, 3-D printing, and advanced robotics), rising international competition, and increased servicification on manufacturing productivity and employment. The aim is to inform policy choices for countries currently producing and for those seeking to enter new manufacturing markets. Increased polarization is a risk, but the book analyzes ways to go beyond focusing on potential disruptions to position workers, firms, and locations for new opportunities. www.worldbank.org/futureofmanufacturing

Download or read book The Chinese Way written by Bhabani Shankar Nayak and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-10-19 with total page 163 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume seeks to develop new narratives on China's alternative policy and challenges policy makers on gender, regional, income and wage inequalities among rural migrant workers in China. The book also looks at China's social, environmental, economic and governance policies aimed at implementing a sustainable financial and corporate system for a prosperous society. The argument that China follows 'capitalism or socialism with Chinese characteristics' emanates from the Eurocentric ideological narratives based on 'varieties of capitalism' and 'national socialism'. This book attempts to move away from the duality of ideological criticism and dichotomous defence of China based on the ideological prisms of capitalism or socialism. It rejects the flawed analysis of both sides of the ideological divide. For all its limitations within the world capitalist system, China's achievements can't be undermined. The attempt to undermine Chinese achievements is a process and a strategy to delegitimise the Chinese state, the Communist Party of China, the Chinese success story, and to hide the available alternatives from the experience of The Chinese Way. The book will be a great read to students, researchers and scholars of Chinese studies, political economy, development studies and those interested in China's economic and public policies in general.

Download or read book A History of Corporate Governance around the World written by Randall K. Morck and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page 700 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many Americans, capitalism is a dynamic engine of prosperity that rewards the bold, the daring, and the hardworking. But to many outside the United States, capitalism seems like an initiative that serves only to concentrate power and wealth in the hands of a few hereditary oligarchies. As A History of Corporate Governance around the World shows, neither conception is wrong. In this volume, some of the brightest minds in the field of economics present new empirical research that suggests that each side of the debate has something to offer the other. Free enterprise and well-developed financial systems are proven to produce growth in those countries that have them. But research also suggests that in some other capitalist countries, arrangements truly do concentrate corporate ownership in the hands of a few wealthy families. A History of Corporate Governance around the World provides historical studies of the patterns of corporate governance in several countries-including the large industrial economies of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States; larger developing economies like China and India; and alternative models like those of the Netherlands and Sweden.

Download or read book Making It Big written by Andrea Ciani and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-10-08 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic and social progress requires a diverse ecosystem of firms that play complementary roles. Making It Big: Why Developing Countries Need More Large Firms constitutes one of the most up-to-date assessments of how large firms are created in low- and middle-income countries and their role in development. It argues that large firms advance a range of development objectives in ways that other firms do not: large firms are more likely to innovate, export, and offer training and are more likely to adopt international standards of quality, among other contributions. Their particularities are closely associated with productivity advantages and translate into improved outcomes not only for their owners but also for their workers and for smaller enterprises in their value chains. The challenge for economic development, however, is that production does not reach economic scale in low- and middle-income countries. Why are large firms scarcer in developing countries? Drawing on a rare set of data from public and private sources, as well as proprietary data from the International Finance Corporation and case studies, this book shows that large firms are often born large—or with the attributes of largeness. In other words, what is distinct about them is often in place from day one of their operations. To fill the “missing top†? of the firm-size distribution with additional large firms, governments should support the creation of such firms by opening markets to greater competition. In low-income countries, this objective can be achieved through simple policy reorientation, such as breaking oligopolies, removing unnecessary restrictions to international trade and investment, and establishing strong rules to prevent the abuse of market power. Governments should also strive to ensure that private actors have the skills, technology, intelligence, infrastructure, and finance they need to create large ventures. Additionally, they should actively work to spread the benefits from production at scale across the largest possible number of market participants. This book seeks to bring frontier thinking and evidence on the role and origins of large firms to a wide range of readers, including academics, development practitioners and policy makers.

Download or read book Sustainable Development Insights from India written by Purnamita Dasgupta and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-03-19 with total page 507 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is a collection of essays that provide a comprehensive coverage of multiple aspects of the discourse on environment, development and sustainability. It is designed to bring in a host of perspectives highlighting the synergies and the trade-offs in this debate, showcasing research along with policy implications of putting research into use. The global discussion on sustainability paints the broad canvas for this book. This volume aims to probe some contemporary issues that will help in understanding the sustainability narrative in India. The topics span over a host of questions on energy, environment, natural resources and related constituents of development. The discourse further extends to the role of economic modelling, public policy debates, political intervention, stakeholders’ response, community participation and so on. The discussions are often based on empirical support, review of existing literature as well as policy analysis. With an ultimate aim to understand the overall development narrative of the people of India, the discourse takes in its ambit the nuances of resource utilisation, economic growth, COVID-19 impacts, competitiveness and market structures, urbanization, sectoral reforms, environmental hazards, climate change, pollution, natural resource accounting and management to name a few. The book is divided into four sections, namely, The Big Picture: Evolving Perspectives; The Energy Scenario: Dilemmas and Opportunities; Sustainability Cross-Cuts: Developmental Aspects and Externality Empirics: Knowledge and Practice. The first section contains commentaries on the overarching themes of economic growth, development and sustainability. It presents some emerging perspectives on the developmental crisis that has emerged through the environmental lens with additional focus on the need for inclusion of creativity, knowhow, technology and financial resources to achieve the ambitious SDG targets. The second section brings out the dilemmas and opportunities in the energy sector, that has been a key player in discussions of sustainability, especially for India where significant technological advances in conventional forms of energy supply coexists with fairly low levels of per capita energy consumption and energy security is a key challenge. The section on sustainability crosscuts attempts to highlight the problems and processes of mainstreaming the sustainability question into conventional thinking through the concepts of a circular economy, green accounting techniques, institutional and governance structures, public policy and inclusive growth, amongst others. The last section presents some empirical studies on environmental externalities, the unaccounted environmental effects of economic production and consumption and finally the behavioural aspects of the stakeholders that are crucial in the larger narrative of sustainable development. This edited volume contains contributions of reputed scholars from various Indian universities, research institutions and professionals from outside academia, who are proven experts in their fields. The link between policy, practice, and well-being of the large vulnerable population of India is the major focus of enquiry that will help researchers, practitioners and policy planners in conducting further research in energy, environment, resource and linked areas of development economics. General readers with an active interest in energy, environment, and economic development are also likely to find this book an interesting read, especially in the times of several environmental challenges facing humankind.

Download or read book Firm Financing in India written by Inessa Love and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2005 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Using balance sheet information for nearly 6,000 firms between 1994-2003, Love and Martinez Peria investigate recent firm financing patterns in India. They document the overall use of debt and, in particular, the role of bank financing (short-term and long-term), trade credit, intra-business group borrowing, and foreign financing. The authors examine financing patterns over time and explore differences across firms by sector, age, ownership type, export orientation, and, in particular, size. In terms of trends, they find that while debt to asset ratios have been relatively stable, nominal debt growth has slowed down in recent years. At the same time, firms' repayment capacity, as measured by the interest coverage ratio, has exhibited a U-shaped pattern falling during 1997-99 and recovering in recent years. Throughout the period of study, bank financing as a share of total debt has increased, while borrowing from nonbank financial institutions fell sharply. In terms of differences across firms, the most robust finding is that debt levels increase with firm size. Smaller firms have especially less debt relative to larger firms if they are young (below 10 years since incorporation), if they are in the manufacturing sector, and if they are located in Southern India. Furthermore, while the ratio of debt to assets has been relatively stable for large firms, the authors observe a significant decline for smaller firms. Overall, the findings presented provide suggestive (but not definite) evidence of stronger credit constraints for smaller firms. This paper--a product of the Finance Team, Development Research Group--is part of a larger effort in the department to study access to finance"--Abstract.

Download or read book Ownership Structure Related Party Transactions and Firm Valuation written by Amrinder Khosa and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2019-03-21 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Examines the effect of ownership structure and the disclosure of related party transactions on the firm valuation of group-affiliated firms in India.

Download or read book Women and Global Entrepreneurship written by Maura McAdam and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-04-05 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Entrepreneurship in context has been described as the third wave in entrepreneurship research. Accordingly, specific socio-economic, political, market, and institutional contexts are key to fostering, enabling, and enacting entrepreneurial activity and behaviours. These contexts shape everyday entrepreneurship experiences. This book is based on the premise that how gender is articulated within the entrepreneurial debate has to acknowledge context. However, context is not a construct that only applies to those economies and situations that differ from the presumed norm of Western developed nations. Adopting a more critical appraisal of how context is positioned within current theorizing around gender and entrepreneurial behaviours offers potential to progress debate whilst acknowledging that competing and contrasting contextual influences require clearer recognition. This book, therefore, has the potential to unearth credible and robust approaches to further examining contextualisation and women entrepreneurship that advances new insights. By exploring and examining how contextual influences shape women’s entrepreneurship, this book challenges the assumption that women entrepreneurship is the same throughout the world. It will be of value to researchers, academics, and students with an interest in entrepreneurship, political economy, economics, and public policy.

Download or read book Doing Business 2020 written by World Bank and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-11-21 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.

Download or read book Expanding Access to Finance written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book's prime audience is government policy-makers. It provides a policy framework for governments to increase micro, small and medium enterprises' access to financial services?one which is based on empirical evidence from around the world. Financial sector policies in many developing countries often work against the ability of commercial financial institutions to serve this market segment, albeit, often unintentionally. The framework guides governments on how to best focus scarce resources on three things: ? developing an inclusive financial sector policy; ? building healthy financial ins