Download or read book Small Business Innovation and Tax Policy written by William G. Gale and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small businesses occupy an iconic place in American public policy debates. This paper discusses interactions between the federal tax code, small business, and the economy. We summarize the characteristics of small businesses, identify the tax provisions that most affect small businesses, and review evidence on the impact of tax and other policies on entrepreneurial activity. We also examine evidence suggesting that it is young firms, not small ones, where job growth and innovation tend to occur. Policies that aim to stimulate young and innovative firms are likely to prove different than policies that subsidize small businesses.
Download or read book Innovation and Public Policy written by Austan Goolsbee and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-25 with total page 259 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A calculation of the social returns to innovation /Benjamin F. Jones and Lawrence H. Summers --Innovation and human capital policy /John Van Reenen --Immigration policy levers for US innovation and start-ups /Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr --Scientific grant funding /Pierre Azoulay and Danielle Li --Tax policy for innovation /Bronwyn H. Hall --Taxation and innovation: what do we know? /Ufuk Akcigit and Stefanie Stantcheva --Government incentives for entrepreneurship /Josh Lerner.
Download or read book Public Sector Entrepreneurship written by Dennis Patrick Leyden and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-06 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Public sector entrepreneurship refers to innovative public policy initiatives that generate greater economic prosperity. These initiatives can transform a status quo economic environment into one that is more conducive to economic units engaging in creative and innovative activities in the face of uncertainty. Public Sector Entrepreneurship traces the historical development of the concepts of private and public sector entrepreneurship and their connection to the separate notions of risk and uncertainty. Based on a formal conceptualization of these notions, the book illustrates throughout public sector entrepreneurship in practice using examples from U.S. technology and innovation policy. Technology policy-policy to enhance the application of new knowledge, learned through science, to some known problem-and innovation policy-policy to enhance the commercialization of a technology-are quintessential examples of the public sector recognizing and exploiting opportunities to bring about change and efficiency. Using this concept of public sector entrepreneurship as the lens to view the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, the Stevenson-Wydler Act of 1980, the R&E Tax Credit of 1981, Small Business Innovation Development Act of 1982, the National Cooperative Research Act of 1984, and the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988 affords us the ability to find elements of commonality among these policies and to discuss their impact on the U.S. economy from the perspective of entrepreneurial action.
Download or read book Advanced Introduction to Technology Policy written by Albert N. Link and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2021-05-28 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intuitive Advanced Introduction provides an in-depth review of current U.S. technology policy, tracing the legislative history of policies such as the Economic Recovery Tax Act, the Small Business Innovation Development Act and the National Cooperative Research Act. The critical elements of the ecosystem in which technology policy exists are also discussed, with a particular focus on U.S. patent policy and U.S. investments in infrastructure technology.
Download or read book Taxes and Entrepreneurship written by Donald Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-08 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxes and Entrepreneurship reviews the existing empirical literature on the impacts of tax policies on entrepreneurial activity and presents an agenda for future research. The authors first discuss the many ways in which researchers have measured entrepreneurship and small business activity. They explore the various strengths and weaknesses of measures of stocks versus flows, individual versus aggregate analyses, survey versus administrative data, and extensive versus intensive margin indicators of entrepreneurship. The monograph then discusses the various tax rates and other tax policies that have been considered in the literature, again considering their advantages and disadvantages. Next, a few of the major empirical issues facing research on taxes and entrepreneurship are reviewed including the possible endogeneity or simultaneity of tax rates, the importance of timing issues, and the latest econometric attempts to account for pre-existing trends in entrepreneurship and tax data. The authors present an exhaustive and inclusive summary of the large and growing empirical literature on taxes and entrepreneurship. In an effort to enhance the usefulness of the monograph, the literature is segmented into U.S. federal studies, U.S. state and local studies, and international studies. It is further subdivided into time series, cross-sectional, and longitudinal analyses. The literature review provides a synthesis of findings spanning all of the above categories and focusing on what are the most conclusive studies in each area. The monograph concludes with a discussion of future avenues for empirical research in this area based on the identified gaps in the existing literature.
Download or read book Federal Tax Policy and Small Business written by Donald Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Do entrepreneurs need tax reform? This chapter presents a critical evaluation of the desirability of tax incentives for small businesses. We discuss measurement issues in identifying entrepreneurs in publicly-available data and then describe recent trends in several measures gleaned from tax data. Entrepreneurial activity is on the rise as evidenced by a growing share of non-corporate entities among business tax returns. Small businesses represent a disproportional share of taxable profits when compared to their share of total business receipts.We then turn to a discussion of the current tax treatment of entrepreneurs, followed by a brief overview of recent economic research on entrepreneurial sensitivity to tax policies. Economic theory suggests that taxes can have ambiguous effects on transitions into or out of entrepreneurial activity, which leaves the determination of overall effects to empirical analysis. This leads us to a presentation of our recent analysis of a twelve-year panel of U.S. federal individual income tax returns to examine the effects of federal income and payroll taxes and state income taxes on entrepreneurial activity. Our focus in this new analysis is on the effects of tax rates on individual transitions into or out of some form of entrepreneurial activity.
Download or read book Small and New Business Development written by Roger J. Vaughan and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Innovation and Small Firms written by Zoltán J. Ács and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1990 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Utilizing a unique data set, Zoltan Acs and David Audretsch provide a rich empirical analysis of the increased importance of small firms in generating technological innovations and their growing contribution to the U.S. economy. They identify the contributions made by both small and large firms to the innovative process and the manner in which market structure, and the firm-size distribution in particular, responds to technological change. The authors' analysis relies on traditional theories of industrial organization and tests existing hypotheses, many of them previously untested due to data constraints. Innovation and Small Firms brings together two large data bases recently released by the U. S. Small Business Administration - one directly measuring innovative activity for large and small firms, the other providing a detailed census of economic activity for all manufacturing firms and plants across a broad spectrum of industries. Acs and Audretsch describe and evaluate the data bases in the context of the literature on innovation, market structure, and firm size. They present their findings on the presence of small firms, small-firm entry in manufacturing, small-firm growth and flexible technology, and mobility and firm size. They compare static and dynamic measures of small-firm viability and address the relationships between R&D, innovation, and productivity, and analyze the interaction between technological regimes and the role of government in innovation.
Download or read book Infomercials written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on Exports, Tax Policy, and Special Problems and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Tax Policy and Entrepreneurship written by Xiaowen Liu (Researcher in economics) and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small businesses and the entrepreneurial spirit are among the driving forces in economic growth and development in the United States. The US governments (both federal and state) have long been aware of the importance of entrepreneurship, and many policies are directed toward helping small businesses. However, whether such policies give rise to expected behavioral responses from small businesses remains inconclusive. This dissertation looks into the behavioral response of self-employed filers to individual income tax and the impact of state and federal tax policies on entrepreneurship. In the first chapter, we examine taxpayers' behavioral response to the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT). We find strong evidence that taxpayers, especially self-employed individuals, appear to manipulate their incomes to avoid the AMT. We also find suggestive evidence that the notch created by the AMT generates both a real response and an evasion response. These results have important policy implications for the AMT design and for the evaluation of the welfare loss from taxation of small businesses. The second chapter examines the effect of state tax policies on entrepreneurial activity. This paper contributes to the literature in several important ways: first, we explore dynamic specifications to capture inherent time trends among entrepreneurial performance. Second, we consider a number of intensive-margin measures of state nonfarm proprietors' success. Our paper is the first to use nonfarm proprietors' income as a direct measure of entrepreneurial success at the state level. We investigate several measures of small business performance derived from nonfarm proprietors' income and employment data. Third, we extend the earlier research by including a longer panel (1978-2009) of state data. Despite these innovations, our empirical results echo the recent studies in this area and suggest that most of the highly-visible state tax policies do not have statistically significant impacts on entrepreneurial performance. The last chapter uses time series analysis to explore the effect of federal tax policies on entrepreneurial performance and whether the effect is heterogeneous across different stages of the business cycle. We do not find that tax policy affects the small businesses sector differently between economic ups and downs.
Download or read book Impact of the Product Liability System on Small Business written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Small Business. Subcommittee on SBA, the General Economy, and Minority Enterprise Development and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Small Business in America written by Arnold Gould and published by Nova Biomedical Books. This book was released on 2002 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Small businesses are a key cog in the American economy, as firms of under 100 employees represent 98% of the country's enterprises. In 1953, Congress created the Small Business Administration to help small firms face the problems of large-scale industry mobilisation. Congress declared that preserving free and competitive markets are dependent on the vitality of small companies. Since the 'temporary' inception of the SBA, the federal government has expanded its agencies for and involvement in small businesses. This new book examines issues key to small business.
Download or read book Public Private Partnerships written by Albert N. Link and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-04 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research and development (R and D) leads to innovation, and innovation leads to technological change. Technological change, in turn, is the primary driver of economic growth. Public/private partnerships -- cooperative relationships among industry, government, and/or universities -- leverage the efficiency of R and D and are thus a critical aspect of a nation’s innovation system. This text is intended for upper-level undergraduate and MBA courses such as Economics and Technology, Economics of Innovation, and Economics of Science and Technology, among others. The first chapter introduces the concept of public/private research partnerships along with other concepts fundamental to an understanding of innovation and technology policy. The framework chapters (2-5) set forth an argument for the public’s role – government’s role – in innovation in general and in public/private partnership in particular. The remaining chapters (6-14) describe a number of public/private partnerships and, to the extent possible, evaluate their social impact.
Download or read book The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth written by Michael J Andrews and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2022-03-17 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Innovation and entrepreneurship are ubiquitous today, both as fields of study and as starting points for conversations among experts in government and economic development. But while these areas on continue to attract public and private investments, many measurements of their resulting economic growth-including productivity growth and business dynamism-have remained modest. Why this difference? Because not all business sectors are the same, and the transformative gains of some industries have been offset by stagnation or contraction in others. Accordingly, a nuanced understanding of the economy requires a nuanced understanding of where innovation and entrepreneurship occur and where they matter. Answering these questions allows for strategic public investment and the infrastructure for economic growth.The Role of Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Economic Growth, the latest entry in the NBER conference series, seeks to codify these answers. The editors leverage industry studies to identify specific examples of productivity improvements enabled by innovation and entrepreneurship, including those from new production technologies, increased competition, new organizational forms, and other means. Taken together, the volume illuminates whether the contribution of innovation and entrepreneurship to economic growth is likely to be concentrated, be it selected sectors or more broadly"--
Download or read book Business Innovation Policies Selected Country Comparisons written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-10-10 with total page 159 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study examines trends in and key features of policies and programmes used by governments to support innovation in the business sector.
Download or read book Tax Policy and Investment by Startups and Innovative Firms written by Joseph W. Rosenberg and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 35 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our tax system imposes widely varying tax rates on investments in different activities, favors debt over equity, and favors pass-throughs over corporations. Targeted tax incentives can lower the cost of capital for small businesses, startups, and those that invest in intellectual property. But those advantages are weakened, and sometimes eliminated, because businesses that invest in new ideas rely more on higher-taxed equity than do firms that focus on tangible investment and because startups are often limited in their ability to use tax deductions and credits. These limits can more than offset the benefit from tax incentives.
Download or read book OECD Tax Policy Studies Taxation of SMEs Key Issues and Policy Considerations written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2009-10-12 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication examines the taxation of SMEs in OECD countries and covers a broad range of SME taxation issues, including possible effects of taxation on the creation and growth of SMEs, and considerations arising from a relatively high compliance burden.
