Download or read book Sludge Batch 4 Simulant Flowsheet Studies with ARP and MCU written by F. G. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two facilities for treating the salt currently being stored in the High Level Waste (HLW) tanks are currently planned to begin operations during the processing of Sludge Batch 4 (SB4). The Immobilization Technology Section (ITS) of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) via Technical Task Request (TTR) HLW/DWPF/TTR-2004-0031 (Washburn, 2004) to evaluate the impacts on DWPF processing for streams from the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Side Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU). In particular, the TTR requests SRNL to validate the existing process flowsheet and establish a coupled operations flowsheet for use with SB4. The flowsheet runs are required so an evaluation of potential chemical processing issues, quantification of the potential hydrogen generation rates, and estimation of the required acid stoichiometry can be made. Previous testing (Baich et. al., 2003) was performed for incorporating ARP/MST in Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) and recommendations were made to DWPF on possible flowsheet options. However, since that time, some changes have occurred to the ARP facility processing strategy, and material balances have been revised (Subosits, 2004). Thus, testing with updated compositions was necessary. Since the MCU is a new design and project, no CPC flowsheet studies have been performed for this stream. This testing will validate the previously recommended ARP stream addition methods based on the new information and based on the need to also incorporate the MCU stream. The basic principle of solvent extraction is to use a sparingly soluble diluent material that carries an extractant that will complex with the cesium ions in the caustic HLW solution. The decontaminated aqueous stream (raffinate) is then sent to Saltstone for disposal. The cesium contained in the organic phase (solvent) can then be stripped into an aqueous phase ready for transfer to the DWPF. The solvent is then recycled.

Download or read book SLUDGE BATCH 5 SIMULANT FLOWSHEET STUDIES written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will transition from Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) processing to Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) processing in early fiscal year 2009. Tests were conducted using non-radioactive simulants of the expected SB5 composition to determine the impact of varying the acid stoichiometry during the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) processes. The work was conducted to meet the Technical Task Request (TTR) HLW/DWPF/TTR-2007-0007, Rev. 1 and followed the guidelines of a Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan (TT & QAP). The flowsheet studies are performed to evaluate the potential chemical processing issues, hydrogen generation rates, and process slurry rheological properties as a function of acid stoichiometry. Initial SB5 flowsheet studies were conducted to guide decisions during the sludge batch preparation process. These studies were conducted with the estimated SB5 composition at the time of the study. The composition has changed slightly since these studies were completed due to changes in the washing plan to prepare SB5 and the estimated SB4 heel mass. Nine DWPF process simulations were completed in 4-L laboratory-scale equipment using both a batch simulant (Tank 51 simulant after washing is complete) and a blend simulant (Tank 40 simulant after Tank 51 transfer is complete). Each simulant had a set of four SRAT and SME simulations at varying acid stoichiometry levels (115%, 130%, 145% and 160%). One additional run was made using blend simulant at 130% acid that included additions of the Actinide Removal Process (ARP) waste prior to acid addition and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction (CSSX) Unit (MCU) waste following SRAT dewatering. There are several parameters that are noteworthy concerning SB5 sludge: (1) This is the first batch DWPF will be processing that contains sludge that has had a significant fraction of aluminum removed through aluminum dissolution. (2) The sludge is high in mercury. (3) The sludge is high in noble metals. (4) The sludge is high in U and Pu--components that are not added in sludge simulants. Two SB5 processing issues were noted during testing. First, high hydrogen generation rates were measured during experiments with both the blend and batch simulant at high acid stoichiometry. Also, the reflux time was extended due to the high mercury concentration in both the batch and blend simulant. Adding ARP will extend processing times in DWPF. The ARP caustic boil took approximately six hours. The boiling time during the experiment with added MCU was 14 hours at the maximum DWPF steam flux rate. This is comparable to the DWPF processing time for dewatering plus reflux without MCU at a 5000 lbs/hr boil-up rate, but would require significantly more time at boiling at 2000-2500 lbs/hr boil-up rate. The addition of ARP and MCU did not cause any other processing issues, since foaming, rheology and hydrogen generation were less of an issue while processing with ARP/MCU.

Download or read book Sludge Batch 4 Without Tank 4 Simulant Flowsheet Studies written by CONNIE. HERMAN and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book DWPF FLOWSHEET STUDIES WITH SIMULANTS TO DETERMINE MCU SOLVENT BUILD UP IN CONTINOUS RUNS written by D. Lambert and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Actinide Removal Process (ARP) facility and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) are scheduled to begin processing salt waste in fiscal year 2007. A portion of the streams generated in these salt processing facilities will be transferred to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) to be incorporated in the glass matrix. Before the streams are introduced, a combination of impact analyses and research and development studies must be performed to quantify the impacts on DWPF processing. The Process Science & Engineering (PS & amp;E) section of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested via Technical Task Request (TTR) HLW/DWPF/TTR-2004-0031 to evaluate the impacts on DWPF processing. Simulant Chemical Process Cell (CPC) flowsheet studies have been performed using previous composition and projected volume estimates for the ARP sludge/monosodium titanate (MST) stream. Initial MCU incorporation testing for the DWPF flowsheet indicated unacceptable levels of Isopar{reg_sign}L were collecting in the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) condenser system and unanticipated quantities of modifier were carrying over into the SRAT condenser system. This work was performed as part of Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) flowsheet testing and was reported by Baich et al. Due to changes in the flammability control strategy for DWPF for salt processing, the incorporation strategy for ARP changed and additional ARP flowsheet tests were necessary to validate the new processing strategy. The last round of ARP testing included the incorporation of the MCU stream and identified potential processing issues with the MCU solvent. The identified issues included the potential carry-over and accumulation of the MCU solvent components in the CPC condensers and in the recycle stream to the Tank Farm. Solvent retention in the DWPF condensers contradicts the DWPF solvent control strategy. Therefore, DWPF requested SRNL to perform additional MCU flowsheet studies to better quantify the organic distribution in the CPC vessels. The earlier rounds of testing used a Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) simulant since it was anticipated that both of these facilities would begin salt processing during SB4 processing. The same sludge simulant recipe was used in this round of MCU testing to minimize the number of changes between the three phases of testing so a better comparison could be made. The MCU stream simulant was fabricated to perform the testing. The MCU stream represented the ''Maximum Volume'' case from the material balances provided by Campbell. ARP addition was not performed during this set of runs since the ARP evaluation had been completed in earlier runs. The MCU stream was added at boiling during the normal reflux phase of the SRAT cycle. SRAT cycle completion corresponded to the end of MCU stream addition. A total of ten 4-liter SRAT runs were performed to meet the objectives of the testing. The first series of five tests evaluated the organic portioning and mass balance for the addition of 50 mg/kg solvent. The second series of five tests evaluated the organic portioning and mass balance for the addition of 125 mg/kg solvent. A solvent concentration of 50 mg/kg is close to the nominal concentration anticipated in the effluent from the Salt Waste Processing Facility (SWPF). The organic solvent used in the testing was fabricated by the Chemical Science & Technology section. BOBCalixC6 was not added to this solvent due to the high cost and limited availability. All runs targeted 150% acid stoichiometry and 1% Hg in the sludge slurry dried solids.

Download or read book SLUDGE BATCH 4 SIMULANT FLOWSHEET STUDIES written by M. Stone and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) will transition from Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) processing to Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) processing in early fiscal year 2007. Tests were conducted using non-radioactive simulants of the expected SB4 composition to determine the impact of varying the acid stoichiometry during the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) process. The work was conducted to meet the Technical Task Request (TTR) HLW/DWPF/TTR-2004-0031 and followed the guidelines of a Task Technical and Quality Assurance Plan (TT & QAP). The flowsheet studies are performed to evaluate the potential chemical processing issues, hydrogen generation rates, and process slurry rheological properties as a function of acid stoichiometry. Initial SB4 flowsheet studies were conducted to guide decisions during the sludge batch preparation process. These studies were conducted with the estimated SB4 composition at the time of the study. The composition has changed slightly since these studies were completed due to changes in the sludges blended to prepare SB4 and the estimated SB3 heel mass. The following TTR requirements were addressed in this testing: (1) Hydrogen and nitrous oxide generation rates as a function of acid stoichiometry; (2) Acid quantities and processing times required for mercury removal; (3) Acid quantities and processing times required for nitrite destruction; and (4) Impact of SB4 composition (in particular, oxalate, manganese, nickel, mercury, and aluminum) on DWPF processing (i.e. acid addition strategy, foaming, hydrogen generation, REDOX control, rheology, etc.).

Download or read book DWPF Flowsheet Studies with Simulants to Determine Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit Solvent Partitioning and Verify Actinide Removal Process Incorporation Strategy written by C. Herman and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Actinide Removal Process (ARP) facility and the Modular Caustic Side Solvent Extraction Unit (MCU) are scheduled to begin processing salt waste in fiscal year 2007. A portion of the streams generated in the salt processing facilities will be transferred to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) to be incorporated in the glass matrix. Before the streams are introduced, a combination of impact analyses and research and development studies must be performed to quantify the impacts on DWPF processing. The Process Science & Engineering (PS & amp;E) section of the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested via Technical Task Request (TTR) HLW/DWPF/TTR-2004-0031 to evaluate the impacts on DWPF processing. Simulant Chemical Process Cell (CPC) flowsheet studies have been performed using previous composition and projected volume estimates for the ARP sludge/monosodium titanate (MST) stream. Due to changes in the flammability control strategy for DWPF for salt processing, the incorporation strategy for ARP has changed and additional ARP flowsheet tests were necessary to validate the new processing strategy. The last round of ARP testing included the incorporation of the MCU stream and identified potential processing issues with the MCU solvent. The identified issues included the potential carry-over and accumulation of the MCU solvent components in the CPC condensers and in the recycle stream to the Tank Farm. Therefore, DWPF requested SRNL to perform additional MCU flowsheet studies to better quantify the organic distribution in the CPC vessels. The previous MCU testing used a Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) simulant since it was anticipated that both of these facilities would begin salt processing during SB4 processing. The same sludge simulant recipe was used in this round of ARP and MCU testing to minimize the number of changes between the two phases of testing so a better comparison could be made. ARP and MCU stream simulants were made for this phase of testing. The ARP stream represented the sludge/MST stream from Appendix E of the material balance provided by Subosits. The MCU stream represented the ''Maximum Volume'' case from the material balances provided by Campbell. The latest DWPF processing plan involves adding the ARP stream to the sludge at boiling in the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT). This would be accomplished before the SRAT receipt sample is taken and SRAT processing is initiated. The MCU stream will be added at boiling during the normal reflux phase of the SRAT cycle. The SRAT cycle will be considered complete once the MCU stream has been added. SRNL replicated this processing strategy in this testing.

Download or read book Sludge Batch 3 Simulant Flowsheet Studies written by C. C. Herman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulant flowsheet runs have been performed by the Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) - Immobilization Technology Section for every sludge batch that has been qualified for Defense Waste Processing Facility processing. The next sludge batch to be qualified is Sludge Batch 3. The simulant Chemical Process Cell runs for SB3 were designed to meet the requirements of Technical Task Request HLW/DWPF/TTR-02-0016. Due to the many non-traditional components believed to be in SB3, SRTC has focused significant effort on studies to understand the behavior of SB3 and to evaluate any necessary process changes. The simulant flowsheet runs for the chemical process cell were divided into phases. A phased approach was used to obtain a better understanding about the non-traditional components and to allow flexibility to respond to characterization results as they became available.

Download or read book Sludge Batch 3 Simulant Flowsheet Studies written by C. C. Herman and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Savannah River Technology Center (SRTC) - Immobilization Technology Section (ITS) was requested to perform simulant bench-scale flowsheet studies to qualify Sludge Batch 3 (SB3), the next sludge batch to be processed at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). Simulant flowsheet runs have been performed for every sludge batch that has been qualified for DWPF processing to date. SB3 will consist primarily of Tank 7 sludge, but will also contain transfers from other tanks and processes at the SRS and other materials not considered typical for DWPF processing. Projections also indicate that SB3 may contain higher than previously observed levels of noble metals. Over the last year, SRTC has focused significant effort on studies to understand the behavior of SB3 and to evaluate any necessary process changes.

Download or read book Sludge Batch 2 Marcobath 3 Flowsheet Studies with Simulants written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge-only process simulations of the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and the Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) cycle were conducted for the two most likely scenarios for Sludge Batch 2 (Macrobatch 3). The two scenarios are a roughly 50:50 blend of Tank 8 and Tank 40 washed sludge and Tank 40 washed sludge by itself. The testing used new simulants of Tank 8 and Tank 40 washed sludge prepared at the University of South Carolina. The washing endpoint was about 0.5 moles sodium per liter supernate. This report summarizes both the simulant preparation and process simulation activities. The rheology work requested in the Task Plan will be documented in a separate report. Two scoping SRAT simulations were conducted for Tank 40 sludge. This was followed by a complete SRAT and SME simulation using Sludge Batch 1B acid stoichiometry (137.5 percent). Four scoping SRAT simulations were conducted for the Tank 8/40 blend. Three complete SRAT and SME simulations using blended sludge were then performed. One was at the recommended acid stoichiometry of 125 percent. The second used identical acid stoichiometry with HM levels of noble metals. The final run was at worst case noble metals and assumed complete transfer of the Formic Acid Feed Tank. Testing was completed without any major incidents. Hydrogen flow rates in excess of the design bases (0.65 lbs./hr for the SRAT and 0.23 lbs./hr for the SME) are marked in bold. Full details on the noble metals concentrations can be found in the body of the report.

Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Materials and Nuclear Industries XII written by Alex Cozzi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-24 with total page 322 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book documents a special collection of articles from a select group of invited prominent scientists from academia, national laboratories and industry who presented their work at the symposia on Environmental and Energy Issues at the 2008 Materials Science and Technology (MS&T’08) conference held in Pittsburgh, PA. These articles represent a summary of the presentations focusing on topics in nuclear, environmental, and green engineering were held, including a discussion of Waste Glass Leach Testing and Modeling.

Download or read book Key Results from SB8 Simulant Flowsheet Studies written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Key technically reviewed results are presented here in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) acceptance of Sludge Batch 8 (SB8). This report summarizes results from simulant flowsheet studies of the DWPF Chemical Process Cell (CPC). Results include: Hydrogen generation rate for the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) and Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) cycles of the CPC on a 6,000 gallon basis; Volume percent of nitrous oxide, N2O, produced during the SRAT cycle; Ammonium ion concentrations recovered from the SRAT and SME off-gas; and, Dried weight percent solids (insoluble, soluble, and total) measurements and density.

Download or read book INITIAL SLUDGE BATCH 4 TANK 40 DECANT VARIABILITY STUDY WITH FRIT 510 written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) is currently being processed in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) using Frit 510. The slurry pumps in Tank 40 are experiencing in-leakage of bearing water, which is causing the sludge slurry feed in Tank 40 to become dilute at a rapid rate. Currently, the DWPF is removing this dilution water by performing caustic boiling during the Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) cycle. In order to alleviate prolonged SRAT cycle times that may eventually impact canister production rates, decant scenarios of 100, 150, and 200 kilogallons of supernate were proposed for Tank 40 during the DWPF March outage. Based on the results of the preliminary assessment issued by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL), the Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) issued a Technical Task Request (TTR) for SRNL to (1) perform a more detailed evaluation using updated SB4 compositional information and (2) assess the viability of Frit 510 and determine any potential impacts on the SB4 system. As defined in the TTR, LWO requested that SRNL validate the sludge--only SB4 flowsheet and the coupled operations flowsheet using the 100K gallon decant volume as well as the addition of 3 wt% sodium on a calcined oxide basis. Approximately 12 historical glasses were identified during a search of the ComProTM database that are located within at least one of the five glass regions defined by the proposed SB4 flowsheet options. While these glasses meet the requirements of a variability study there was some concern that the compositional coverage did not adequately bound all cases. Therefore, SRNL recommended that a supplemental experimental variability study be performed to support the various SB4 flowsheet options that may be implemented for future SB4 operations in DWPF. Eighteen glasses were selected based on nominal sludge projections representing the current as well as the proposed flowsheets over a WL interval of interest to DWPF (32-42%). The intent of the experimental portion of the variability study is to demonstrate that the glasses of the Frit 510-modified SB4 compositional region (Cases No. 1-5) are both acceptable relative to the Environmental Assessment (EA) reference glass and predictable by the current DWPF process control models for durability. Frit 510 is a viable option for the processing of SB4 after a Tank 40 decant and the addition of products from the Actinide Removal Process (ARP). The addition of ARP did not have any negative impacts on the acceptability and predictability of the variability study glasses. The results of the variability study indicate that all of the study glasses (both quenched and centerline canister cooled (ccc)) have normalized releases for boron that are well below the reference EA glass (16.695 g/L). The durabilities of all of the study glasses are predictable using the current Product Composition Control System (PCCS) durability models with the exception of SB4VAR24ccc (Case No. 2 at 41%). PCCS is not applicable to non-homogeneous glasses (i.e. glasses containing crystals such as acmite and nepheline), thus SB4VAR24ccc should not be predictable as it contains nepheline. The presence of nepheline has been confirmed in both SB4VAR13ccc and SB4VAR24ccc by X-ray diffraction (XRD). These two glasses are the first results which indicate that the current nepheline discriminator value of 0.62 is not conservative. The nepheline discriminator was implemented into PCCS for SB4 based on the fact that all of the historical glasses evaluated with nepheline values of 0.62 or greater did not contain nepheline via XRD analysis. Although these two glasses do cause some concern over the use of the 0.62 nepheline value for future DWPF glass systems, the impact to the current SB4 system is of little concern. More specifically, the formation of nepheline was observed in glasses targeting 41 or 42% WL. Current processing of the Frit 510-SB4 system in DWPF has nominally targeted 34% WL. For the SB4 variability study glasses targeting these lower WLs, nepheline formation was not observed and the minimal difference in PCT response between quenched and ccc versions supported its absence.

Download or read book Dictionary of Acronyms and Technical Abbreviations written by Jakob Vlietstra and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Dictionary covers information and communication technology (ICT), including hardware and software; information networks, including the Internet and the World Wide Web; automatic control; and ICT-related computer-aided fields. The Dictionary also lists abbreviated names of relevant organizations, conferences, symposia and workshops. This reference is important for all practitioners and users in the areas mentioned above, and those who consult or write technical material. This Second Edition contains 10,000 new entries, for a total of 33,000.

Download or read book Instrument Engineers Handbook Volume 3 written by Bela G. Liptak and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 1140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Instrument Engineers' Handbook – Volume 3: Process Software and Digital Networks, Fourth Edition is the latest addition to an enduring collection that industrial automation (AT) professionals often refer to as the "bible." First published in 1970, the entire handbook is approximately 5,000 pages, designed as standalone volumes that cover the measurement (Volume 1), control (Volume 2), and software (Volume 3) aspects of automation. This fourth edition of the third volume provides an in-depth, state-of-the-art review of control software packages used in plant optimization, control, maintenance, and safety. Each updated volume of this renowned reference requires about ten years to prepare, so revised installments have been issued every decade, taking into account the numerous developments that occur from one publication to the next. Assessing the rapid evolution of automation and optimization in control systems used in all types of industrial plants, this book details the wired/wireless communications and software used. This includes the ever-increasing number of applications for intelligent instruments, enhanced networks, Internet use, virtual private networks, and integration of control systems with the main networks used by management, all of which operate in a linked global environment. Topics covered include: Advances in new displays, which help operators to more quickly assess and respond to plant conditions Software and networks that help monitor, control, and optimize industrial processes, to determine the efficiency, energy consumption, and profitability of operations Strategies to counteract changes in market conditions and energy and raw material costs Techniques to fortify the safety of plant operations and the security of digital communications systems This volume explores why the holistic approach to integrating process and enterprise networks is convenient and efficient, despite associated problems involving cyber and local network security, energy conservation, and other issues. It shows how firewalls must separate the business (IT) and the operation (automation technology, or AT) domains to guarantee the safe function of all industrial plants. This book illustrates how these concerns must be addressed using effective technical solutions and proper management policies and practices. Reinforcing the fact that all industrial control systems are, in general, critically interdependent, this handbook provides a wide range of software application examples from industries including: automotive, mining, renewable energy, steel, dairy, pharmaceutical, mineral processing, oil, gas, electric power, utility, and nuclear power.

Download or read book Selected Papers from the 12th International Networking Conference written by Bogdan Ghita and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-01-04 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings includes a selection of papers covering a range of subjects focusing on topical areas of computer networks and security with a specific emphasis of novel environments, ranging from 5G and virtualised infrastructures to Internet of things, smart environments and cyber security issues. Networking represents the underlying core of current IT systems, providing the necessary communication support for complex infrastructures. Recent years have witnessed a number of novel concepts moving from theory to large scale implementations, such as Software Defined Networking, Network Function Virtualisation, 5G, smart environments, and IoT. These concepts change fundamentally the paradigms used in traditional networking, with a number of areas such as network routing and system or business security having to adjust or redesign to accommodate them. While the benefits are clear, through the advent of new applications, use cases, improved user interaction and experience, they also introduce new challenges for generic network architectures, mobility, security, traffic engineering.

Download or read book Advances in Smart System Technologies written by P. Suresh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-08-29 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents select peer-reviewed proceedings of the International Conference on Frontiers in Smart Systems Technologies (ICFSST 2019). It focuses on latest research and cutting-edge technologies in smart systems and intelligent autonomous systems with advanced functionality. Comprising topics related to diverse aspects of smart technologies such as high security, reliability, miniaturization, energy consumption, and intelligent data processing, the book contains contributions from academics as well as industry. Given the range of the topics covered, this book will prove useful for students, researchers, and professionals alike.

Download or read book Pediatric Uroradiology written by R. Fotter and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 770 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The text is specifically devoted to pediatric urogenital radiology. It covers all aspects of the subject in great depth, and contains essential information for the pediatrician, pediatric surgeon, and urologist. It is specifically designed to aid the clinician in decisions on imaging management. The technique and current value of all imaging and interventional procedures are presented, and the diverse problems associated with the changing anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the growing organism are explained. Throughout, additional information is provided on operative options, postoperative complications, and clinical and radiological normal values. This book will prove of great interest to all who are involved in caring for children.