Download or read book Sludge Batch 3 Melt Rate Assessment written by T. H. Lorier and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report focuses on an assessment of melt rate for various frit/sludge combinations. The results provided should not be used as the sole decision-making tool, but they are an important input into the decision making process with respect to the SB3 frit.

Download or read book Sludge Mass Reduction written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was tasked to provide an assessment of the downstream impacts to the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) of decisions regarding the implementation of Al-dissolution to support sludge mass reduction and processing. Based on future sludge batch compositional projections from the Liquid Waste Organization's (LWO) sludge batch plan, assessments have been made with respect to the ability to maintain comparable projected operating windows for sludges with and without Al-dissolution. As part of that previous assessment, candidate frits were identified to provide insight into melt rate for average sludge batches representing with and without Al-dissolution flowsheets. Initial melt rate studies using the melt rate furnace (MRF) were performed using five frits each for Cluster 2 and Cluster 4 compositions representing average without and with Al-dissolution. It was determined, however, that the REDOX endpoint (Fe{sup 2+}/[Sigma]Fe for the glass) for Clusters 2 and 4 resulted in an overly oxidized feed which negatively affected the initial melt rate tests. After the sludge was adjusted to a more reduced state, additional testing was performed with frits that contained both high and low concentrations of sodium and boron oxides. These frits were selected strictly based on the ability to ascertain compositional trends in melt rate and did not necessarily apply to any acceptability criteria for DWPF processing. The melt rate data are in general agreement with historical trends observed at SRNL and during processing of SB3 (Sludge Batch 3)and SB4 in DWPF. When MAR acceptability criteria were applied, Frit 510 was seen to have the highest melt rate at 0.67 in/hr for Cluster 2 (without Al-dissolution), which is compositionally similar to SB4. For Cluster 4 (with Al-dissolution), which is compositionally similar to SB3, Frit 418 had the highest melt rate at 0.63 in/hr. Based on this data, there appears to be a slight advantage of the Frit 510 based system without Al-dissolution relative to the Frit 418 based system with Al-dissolution. Though the without aluminum dissolution scenario suggests a slightly higher melt rate with frit 510, several points must be taken into consideration: (1) The MRF does not have the ability to assess liquid feeds and, thus, rheology impacts. Instead, the MRF is a 'static' test bed in which a mass of dried melter feed (SRAT product plus frit) is placed in an 'isothermal' furnace for a period of time to assess melt rate. These conditions, although historically effective in terms of identifying candidate frits for specific sludge batches and mapping out melt rate versus waste loading trends, do not allow for assessments of the potential impact of feed rheology on melt rate. That is, if the rheological properties of the slurried melter feed resulted in the mounding of the feed in the melter (i.e., the melter feed was thick and did not flow across the cold cap), melt rate and/or melter operations (i.e., surges) could be negatively impacted. This could affect one or both flowsheets. (2) Waste throughput factors were not determined for Frit 510 and Frit 418 over multiple waste loadings. In order to provide insight into the mission life versus canister count question, one needs to define the maximum waste throughput for both flowsheets. Due to funding limitations, the melt rate testing only evaluated melt rate at a fixed waste loading. (3) DWPF will be processing SB5 through their facility in mid-November 2008. Insight into the over arching questions of melt rate, waste throughput, and mission life can be obtained directly from the facility. It is recommended that processing of SB5 through the facility be monitored closely and that data be used as input into the decision making process on whether to implement Al-dissolution for future sludge batches.

Download or read book Melt Rate Assessment of SB written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Preparations are being made by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) to blend Sludge Batch 2 (SB2) with Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) (blend referred to as SB2/3), and implement a frit change from Frit 320 to Frit 418. A series of dry-fed tests have been performed to investigate the effect of waste loading (WL) on the melt rate of the SB2/3-Frit 418 system. As was observed in the SB2-Frit 320 system, dry-fed melt rate furnace (MRF) tests of the SB2/3-Frit 418 system showed that melt rate decreased as the waste loading increased (WL range of 31-43 per cent tested). In addition, waste throughput of the SB2/3-Frit 418 system reached a peak (at approximately 34 per cent WL) with increased waste loading before steadily decreasing (based on MRF tests). Based on this testing, the Immobilization Technology Section (ITS) recommends that the waste loading starting point for DWPF should be approximately 34 per cent when the processing of the SB2/3 begins with Frit 418. The current target waste loading for DWPF is 34 per cent with SB2-Frit 320, and the results from this testing do not indicate any reasons to reduce this target. Then after a period of steady processing, incrementally higher waste loadings may be evaluated in order to determine the actual waste throughput peak for radioactive vitrification of SB2/3-Frit 418 feed at DWPF.

Download or read book The Impact of the Source of Alkali on Sludge Batch 3 Melt Rate U written by M. Smith and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Previous Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) melt rate tests in support of the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) have indicated that improvements in melt rate can be achieved through an increase in the total alkali of the melter feed. Higher alkali can be attained by the use of an ''underwashed'' sludge, a high alkali frit, or a combination of the two. Although the general trend between melt rate and total alkali (in particular Na{sub 2}O content) has been demonstrated, the question of ''does the source of alkali (SOA) matter?'' still exists. Therefore the purpose of this set of tests was to determine if the source of alkali (frit versus sludge) can impact melt rate. The general test concept was to transition from a Na{sub 2}O-rich frit to a Na{sub 2}O-deficient frit while compensating the Na{sub 2}O content in the sludge to maintain the same overall Na{sub 2}O content in the melter feed. Specifically, the strategy was to vary the amount of alkali in frits and in the sludge batch 3 (SB3) sludge simulant (midpoint or baseline feed was SB3/Frit 418 at 35% waste loading) so that the resultant feeds had the same final glass composition when vitrified. A set of SOA feeds using frits ranging from 0 to 16 weight % Na{sub 2}O (in 4% increments) was first tested in the Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) to determine if indeed there was an impact. The dry-fed MRF tests indicated that if the alkali is too depleted from either the sludge (16% Na{sub 2}O feed) or the frit (the 0% Na{sub 2}O feed), then melt rate was negatively impacted when compared to the baseline SB3/Frit 418 feed currently being processed at DWPF. The MRF melt rates for the 4 and 12% SOA feeds were similar to the baseline SB3/Frit 418 (8% SOA) feed. Due to this finding, a smaller subset of SOA feeds that could be processed in the DWPF (4 and 12% SOA feeds) was then tested in the Slurry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF). The results from a previous SMRF test with SB3/Frit 418 (Smith et al. 2004) were used as the SMRF melt rate of the baseline feed. The SOA SMRF test results agreed with those of the MRF tests for these two feeds as the melt rates were similar to the baseline SB3/Frit 418 feed. In other words, the source of alkali was close enough to the baseline feed as to not negatively impact melt rate. Based on these results, there appears to be an acceptable range of the source of alkali that results in the highest melt rate for a particular sludge batch. If, however, the alkali is too depleted from either the sludge or the frit, then melt rate will be lower. Although SB3 simulant sludge and Frit 418 were used for these tests, it was not the intent of these tests to determine an optimum source of alkali range for SB3. Rather, the findings of these tests should be used to help in the decision process for future sludge batch washing and/or blending strategies. The results, however, do confirm that the current processing of SB3 is being performed in the proper source of alkali range. Because all of this testing was performed on small-scale equipment with slurried, non-radioactive simulant, the exact impact of the source of alkali with SB3 in the DWPF melter could not be fully evaluated.

Download or read book SLUDGE BATCH 4 BASELINE MELT RATE FURNACE AND SLURRY FED MELT RATE FURNACE TESTS WITH FRITS 418 AND 510 U written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Several Slurry-Fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) tests with earlier projections of the Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) composition have been performed. 1,2 The first SB4 SMRF test used Frits 418 and 320, however it was found after the test that the REDuction/OXidation (REDOX) correlation at that time did not have the proper oxidation state for manganese. Because the manganese level in the SB4 sludge was higher than previous sludge batches tested, the impact of the higher manganese oxidation state was greater. The glasses were highly oxidized and very foamy, and therefore the results were inconclusive. After resolving this REDOX issue, Frits 418, 425, and 503 were tested in the SMRF with the updated baseline SB4 projection. Based on dry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) tests and the above mentioned SMRF tests, two previous frit recommendations were made by the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) for processing of SB4 in the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). The first was Frit 503 based on the June 2006 composition projections. 3 The recommendation was changed to Frit 418 as a result of the October 2006 composition projections (after the Tank 40 decant was implemented as part of the preparation plan). However, the start of SB4 processing was delayed due to the control room consolidation outage and the repair of the valve box in the Tank 51 to Tank 40 transfer line. These delays resulted in changes to the projected SB4 composition. Due to the slight change in composition and based on preliminary dry-fed MRF testing, SRNL believed that Frit 510 would increase throughput in processing SB4 in DWPF. Frit 418, which was used in processing Sludge Batch 3 (SB3), was a viable candidate and available in DWPF. Therefore, it was used during the initial SB4 processing. Due to the potential for higher melt rates with Frit 510, SMRF tests with the latest SB4 composition (1298 canisters) and Frits 510 and 418 were performed at a targeted waste loading (WL) of 35%. The '1298 canisters' describes the number of equivalent canisters that would be produced from the beginning of the current contract period before SB3 is blended with SB4. The melt rate for the SMRF SB4/Frit 510 test was 14.6 grams/minute. Due to cold cap mounding problems with the SMRF SB4/Frit 418 feed at 50 weight % solids that prevented a melt rate determination, this feed was diluted to 45 weight % solids. The melt rate for this diluted feed was 8.9 grams/minute. A correction factor of 1.2 for estimating the melt rate at 50 weight % solids from 45 weight % solids test results (based on previous SMRF testing5) was then used to estimate a melt rate of 10.7 grams/minute for SB4/Frit 418 at 50 weight % solids. Therefore, the use of Frit 510 versus Frit 418 with SB4 resulted in a higher melt rate (14.6 versus an estimated 10.7 grams/minute). For reference, a previous SMRF test with SB3/Frit 418 feed at 35% waste loading and 50 weight % solids resulted in a melt rate of 14.1 grams/minute. Therefore, depending on the actual feed rheology, the use of Frit 510 with SB4 could result in similar melt rates as experienced with SB3/Frit 418 feed in the DWPF.

Download or read book Sludge Batch 5 Slurry Fed Melt Rate Furnace Test with Frits 418 and 550 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Based on Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) testing for the Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) projected composition and assessments of the potential frits with reasonable operating windows, the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) recommended Slurry Fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) testing with Frits 418 and 550. DWPF is currently using Frit 418 with SB5 based on SRNL's recommendation due to its ability to accommodate significant sodium variation in the sludge composition. However, experience with high boron containing frits in DWPF indicated a potential advantage for Frit 550 might exist. Therefore, SRNL performed SMRF testing to assess Frit 550's potential advantages. The results of SMRF testing with SB5 simulant indicate that there is no appreciable difference in melt rate between Frit 418 and Frit 550 at a targeted 34 weight % waste loading. Both batches exhibited comparable behavior when delivered through the feed tube by the peristaltic pump. Limited observation of the cold cap during both runs showed no indication of major cold cap mounding. MRF testing, performed after the SMRF runs due to time constraints, with the same two Slurry Mix Evaporator (SME) dried products led to the same conclusion. Although visual observations of the cross-sectioned MRF beakers indicated differences in the appearance of the two systems, the measured melt rates were both (almost equal to)0.6 in/hr. Therefore, SRNL does not recommend a change from Frit 418 for the initial SB5 processing in DWPF. Once the actual SB5 composition is known and revised projections of SB5 after the neptunium stream addition and any decants is provided, SRNL will perform an additional compositional window assessment with Frit 418. If requested, SRNL can also include other potential frits in this assessment should processing of SB5 with Frit 418 result in less than desirable melter throughput in DWPF. The frits would then be subjected to melt rate testing at SRNL to determine any potential advantages.

Download or read book Maximizing SB3 Waste Throughput Melt Rate Tests written by D. H. Miller and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) is presently vitrifying Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) and preparing to process Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) in late 2006 or early 2007. Previous laboratory testing and DWPF operational experience has indicated that the maximum waste throughput peak for the Sludge Batch 2 (SB2) system occurs at a waste loading in the mid-30's. This trend has been shown as well for SB3 on a lab-scale basis. These SB3 tests used SRAT product that targeted a REDuction/OXidation (REDOX) of 0.2 and an acid stoichiometry of 135%. Acid stoichiometry, however, has been shown to impact melt rate of MRF tests at one waste loading (35%). Due to the impact of acid stoichiometry on melt rate, it is possible that the current target acid stoichiometry (155%) with SB3 may not exhibit the same maximum waste throughput peak, or there may not even be a discernable peak. In fact, current DWPF operational experience with SB3 and Frit 418 has not shown the same drop off in melt rate and hence waste throughput as was observed with SB2 and Frit 320. The objective of this testing is to determine if increasing the overall alkali content in the feed (via using the higher alkali Frit 320 versus Frit 418) will either result in a shift in the waste throughput to higher waste loadings or an increase in the overall waste throughput at waste loadings of interest (31 to 41%). For these tests, the target Sludge Receipt and Adjustment Tank (SRAT) product REDOX was 0.2 and the target acid stoichiometry was 155%. The incentive for this series of tests stems from a previous Slurry-Fed Melt Rate Furnace (SMRF) test with SB3/Frit 320 feed which showed an increase in melt rate versus SB3/Frit 418 at 35% waste loading. This single data point suggests that overall waste throughput for the SB3/Frit 320 system is higher at 35% waste loading (i.e., the melt rate versus waste loading curve has potentially shifted upward). To address the potential shift in waste throughput, the strategy was to fully characterize the impact of waste loading (ranging from about 30 to 40%) on melt rate for the SB3/Frit 320 and SB3/Frit 418 feed systems. This will allow for potential shifts in waste throughput to be assessed via a change in frit composition. Initially, the dry-fed Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) was utilized. Based on the MRF results, the tests had a decision point on whether or not to continue testing using the SMRF.

Download or read book QUARTZ MELT RATE FURNACE EVALUATION USING SLUDGE BATCH 3 FEED written by and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Quartz Melt Rate Furnace (QMRF) was developed to study the melt rate and offgas composition of simulated Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) melter feed. The objective of this testing was to evaluate whether the apparatus could be used to study the offgas chemistry of melting batches and perform small-scale slurry-fed melt rate tests. The furnace was tested in three different configurations: a dry-fed test with offgas analysis, a slurry-fed test without offgas analysis, and a slurry-fed test with offgas analysis. During the dry-fed test, offgas composition was successfully measured throughout the run and total offgas flow was calculated from the helium tracer concentration. During the slurry-feeding tests without offgas analysis, the furnace exhibited stable feeding behavior with no problems with feed tube pluggage. Feeding behavior was used to measure the melt rate of Sludge Batch 3 with Frit 320 and with Frit 418. Both frits had approximately the same melt rate during the tests based on amount of melter feed added per minute. During the slurry-fed test with offgas analysis, spikes in the data prevented overall offgas flow analysis from the helium tracer, but the ratio of different offgas species allowed the composition data to be compared between runs. Minor improvements were identified that would enhance the performance of the furnace and further testing should be performed to optimize the performance of the apparatus. These tests should focus on increasing the stability of offgas composition data by providing more surge capacity in the offgas system, determining the sensitivity of the furnace to melt rate during slurry-fed tests and refining the lid heat power to optimize melt rate measurements, and to develop the capability to utilize the system with radioactive feeds.

Download or read book Advances in Materials Science for Environmental and Energy Technologies II written by Josef Matyáš and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-08-12 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These proceedings contains a collection of 24 papers from five 2012Materials Science and Technology (MS&T’12)symposia. Green Technologies for Materials Manufacturing and ProcessingIII Materials Development for Nuclear Applications and ExtremeEnvironments Materials Issues in Nuclear Waste Management in the21st Century Energy Conversion – Photovoltaic, Concentrating SolarPower, and Thermoelectric Energy Storage: Materials, Systems and Applications

Download or read book MELT RATE TESTING FOR SLUDGE BATCH 6 written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) was requested to provide Savannah River Remediation (SRR) with a recommended frit composition for Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) to optimize processing at the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF). This report discusses the results of a series of melt rate experiments that were completed in support of the frit recommendation and the preparation of the feed used in the testing. The objective of the work was to identify the impact of individual frit component concentrations on melt rate for both SB6 and for DWPF sludge batches in general. The dry fed, Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) was used to compare the relative melt rate performance of several candidate frit compositions. Sludge composition projection changes and variation led to the fabrication and testing of several new frits along with Frit 418, which is currently utilized at the DWPF for Sludge Batch 5 (SB5) processing. The melt rate testing results show that changes in the frit composition, such as increases in B2O3 or Li2O concentrations, can provide a faster melt rate for SB6 relative to Frit 418. However, the composition of SB6 as currently projected (February 2010 blended with a 40 inch heel of SB5) does not allow for significant changes in frit composition relative to Frit 418 without compromising the projected operating windows. Only one of the new frits tested, Frit IS7, remains viable for SB6 processing based on the current composition projections. The melt rate results also demonstrated that a low Na2O concentration frit (particularly Frit IS7) can provide reasonable melt rates if the concentrations of Li2O or B2O3 in the frit are increased. The measured melt rate for Frit IS7 with the simulated SB6 feed was about 15% faster than that for Frit 418. The projected operating windows for Frits 418 and IS7 are very similar with the current SB6 projections. However, waste loadings with Frit IS7 are limited by low viscosity predictions, while waste loadings with Frit 418 are limited by predictions of nepheline crystallization. It is recommended that SRNL reevaluate the final SB6 composition once washing and blending are complete to determine whether a change in frit composition could provide improved operating windows, improved sulfate solubility, and/or increased waste throughput.

Download or read book SLUDGE BATCH 4 SB4 AFTER A TANK 40 DECANT written by T. Tommy Edwards and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In early October 2006, the Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) began to consider decanting Tank 40 at the end of Sludge Batch 3 (SB3) processing and transferring the aqueous phase from the decant to Tank 51. This transfer would be done to decrease Tank 51 yield stress and facilitate the transfer of the contents of Tank 51 to Tank 40. The projected composition of Sludge Batch 4 (SB4) was adjusted by LWO to reflect the impact of the Tank 40 decant leading to new projected compositions for SB4, designated as the 10-04-06 and the 10-10-06 compositions. A comparison between these SB4 compositions and those provided in June 2006 indicates that the new compositions are slightly higher in Al2O3, Fe2O3, and U3O8 and slightly lower in SiO2. The most dramatic change, however, is the new projection's Na2O concentration, which is more than 4.5 wt% lower than the June 2006 projection. This is a significant change due to the frit development team's approach of aligning the Na2O concentration in a candidate frit to the Na2O content of the sludge. This approach enhances the projected operating window and the waste throughput potential for the resulting glass system while eliminating the potential for nepheline crystallization. Nepheline can have a detrimental impact on durability. Questions surfaced regarding the applicability of Frit 503 to these revised compositions since the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) recommended Frit 503 for use with SB4 based on the June 2006 compositional projection without the Tank 40 decant. Based on the paper study assessments, the change in SB4's expected Na2O content had a significant, negative impact on the projected operating window for the Frit 503/SB4 glass system. While Frit 418 had slightly smaller waste loading (WL) intervals for the June 2006 SB4 projections as compared to Frit 503 and the Frit 418 glass systems were nepheline limited, Frit 418 had a slightly larger operating window for the 10-04-06 projection (as compared to Frit 503) and the Frit 418/10-04-06 glass system was no longer nepheline limited. Thus, strictly from the perspective of this paper study, Frit 418 was more attractive than Frit 503 for the new SB4 projected compositions. This comparison, however, does not reflect other aspects of interest for the glass systems such as their respective melt rates or the development of alternative frits to balance the projected operating windows, melt rate, waste throughput, and robustness to compositional variation. In discussions with Waste Solidification Engineering (WS-E) regarding the results being presented in this report, their decision was to utilize Frit 418 for initial processing of SB4. This decision was not only based on the paper study assessments presented in this report, but also on the fact that Frit 418 is currently being used to process SB3 and, perhaps more importantly, frit optimization efforts for SB4 may be premature given the uncertainties in tank transfer and heel volumes associated with the SB4 flowsheet. More specifically, WS-E indicated their plan to initiate processing with Frit 418 with subsequent authorization for the frit development team to optimize a frit based on the measured composition of SB4 after determination of the actual SB4 blend composition (i.e., both the SB3 and SB4 compositions and masses are known). Given this decision and recognizing that a SB4/Frit 503 variability study had been initiated as part of the qualification process, questions regarding the need for a supplemental variability study to demonstrate applicability of the process control models for a Frit 418 based system surfaced. This report addresses the need for a supplemental study and defines additional glasses to fill the compositional gaps. A total of 13 glasses (based on the 10-10-06 projection) were selected for the supplemental SB4/Frit 418 variability study. These glasses will be batched and melted following standard SRNL procedures, and a suite of characterization testing will be completed to measure the chemical durability of each glass composition.

Download or read book Melt Rate Improvement for the DWPF written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report describes scoping investigations into higher waste loading effects on melt rate for sludge batch 2.

Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 782 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Download or read book Environmental Issues and Waste Management Technologies in the Ceramic and Nuclear Industries written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Consists of proceedings of various symposia held during the Annual Meeting of the American Ceramic Society.

Download or read book Melt Rate Improvement for DWPF MB3 written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective for this task is to understand and apply the control of glass batch chemistry (frit composition) and/or changes in chemical processing strategies to improve the overall melting process for Macrobatch 3 (MB3) (Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) sludge-only processing). For melt rate limited systems, a small increase in melting efficiency translates into substantial savings by reducing operational costs without compromising the quality of the final waste product. This report summarizes the key information collected during the FY01 melt-rate testing completed to support the conclusion that switching from Frit 200, the frit currently used to prepare all the glass produced in radioactive processing, to Frit 320 should improve the melt rate during processing of DWPF MB3 sludge (Note: MB3 is referred to as Sludge Batch 2 in the High-Level Waste System Plan). The report also includes recommendations that should be addressed prior to implementation of the new frit and future research that should be completed to further improve melt rate. No analysis has been completed to determine if Frit 320 can be used in processing of other sludge macrobatches. The testing in this report is based on dried-slurry testing of a MB3 melter feed prepared from nonradioactive simulants. Additional testing, particularly with a melter feed slurry and actual waste, would be required before implementing the new frit in DWPF, and a variability study would also be necessary. The work to date, at most, provides relative data until actual melter data can be obtained and compared.

Download or read book PRELIMINARY FRIT DEVELOPMENT AND MELT RATE TESTING FOR SLUDGE BATCH 6 SB6 written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Liquid Waste Organization (LWO) provided the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) with a Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) composition projection in March 2009. Based on this projection, frit development efforts were undertaken to gain insight into compositional effects on the predicted and measured properties of the glass waste form and to gain insight into frit components that may lead to improved melt rate for SB6-like compositions. A series of Sludge Batch 6 (SB6) based glasses was selected, fabricated and characterized in this study to better understand the ability of frit compositions to accommodate uncertainty in the projected SB6 composition. Acceptable glasses (compositions where the Product Composition Control System (PCCS) Measurement Acceptability Region (MAR) predicted acceptable properties, good chemical durability was measured, and no detrimental nepheline crystallization was observed) can be made using Frit 418 with SB6 over a range of Na2O and Al2O3 concentrations. However, the ability to accommodate variation in the sludge composition limits the ability to utilize alternative frits for potential improvements in melt rate. Frit 535, which may offer improvements in melt rate due to its increased B2O3 concentration, produced acceptable glasses with the baseline SB6 composition at waste loadings of 34 and 42%. However, the PCCS MAR results showed that it is not as robust as Frit 418 in accommodating variation in the sludge composition. Preliminary melt rate testing was completed in the Melt Rate Furnace (MRF) with four candidate frits for SB6. These four frits were selected to evaluate the impacts of B2O3 and Na2O concentrations in the frit relative to those of Frit 418, although they are not necessarily candidates for SB6 vitrification. Higher concentrations of B2O3 in the frit relative to that of Frit 418 appeared to improve melt rate. However, when a higher concentration of B2O3 was coupled with a lower concentration of Na2O relative to Frit 418, melt rate did not appear to improve. It is expected that a SB6 composition projection with less uncertainty will be received during analysis of the Tank 51 E-1 sample, which will be pulled after the completion of aluminum dissolution in August 2009. At that time, additional frit development work will be performed to seek improved melt rates while maintaining viable projected operating windows. This later work will ultimately lead to a frit recommendation for SB6.

Download or read book An Explanation of the Differences in Length and Voicing of Consonants in French and English written by James L.. Barker and published by . This book was released on 1929 with total page 13 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: