Download or read book Slag metal Equilibria Involving Chromium as a Component written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The distribution of chromium between slag and metal depends on the thermodynamic behaviour of this component in the slags as well as in the alloys produced. The alloy phase of main interest in the present paper is Fe-Cr, with relatively small amounts (~1 to 2 per cent) of Si present as an additional component. The activities of Cr in these solutions are close to ideal. Several aspects of the behaviour of chromium in oxide and silicate systems are considered. Phase relations in selected systems of major importance in the context of the present discussion (e.g., Cr-Si-O, Ca-Cr-Si-O) will be presented, as will results of activity-composition measurements in the system Fe3O4- chromium oxide solid solutions, and in CaO-chromium oxide-SiO2 liquids. It is shown that major proportions of the chromium is present in the divalent state in these oxide and silicate melts under the reducing conditions used in the present work. The activity-composition relations in Fe3O4-chromium oxide solid solutions of spinel structure are shown to be close to ideal if it is assumed that trivalent chromium occurs in octahedral positions and divalent chromium in tetrahedral positions in the spinel structure. In the liquid silicate phase under strongly reducing conditions, the activity-composition relations of chromium oxide (largely CrO) show similarity to those of FeO. The distribution of chromium between Fe-Cr-Si alloys and slags in the systems iron oxide-chromium oxide-SiO2 and CaO-MgO-iron oxide-chromium oxide-SiO2 has been determined experimentally at about 1600 to 1700 degrees C. It is shown that low contents of iron oxide in the slag, high contents of Si and Cr in the alloys, and low temperature favour the recovery of chromium from the slag. Similarly, an increasing slag basicity effectively reduces the loss of chromium into the slag, especially at relatively low basicities.
Download or read book Slag Metal Equilibria In The System Fe cr si c ca mg a1 o written by Akyuzlu Mustafa and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Waste Production and Utilization in the Metal Extraction Industry written by Sehliselo Ndlovu and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-06-27 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly stringent environmental regulations and industry adoption of waste minimization guidelines have thus, stimulated the need for the development of recycling and reuse options for metal related waste. This book, therefore, gives an overview of the waste generation, recycle and reuse along the mining, beneficiation, extraction, manufacturing and post-consumer value chain. This book reviews current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste and also details the policy and legislation regarding the waste management, health and environmental impacts in the mining, beneficiation, metal extraction and manufacturing processes. This book is a useful reference for engineers and researchers in industry, policymakers and legislators in governance, and academics on the current status and future trends in the recycling and reuse of mineral and metal waste. Some of the key features of the book are as follows: Holistic approach to waste generation, recycling and reuse along the minerals and metals extraction. Detailed overview of metallurgical waste generation. Practical examples with complete flow sheets, techniques and interventions on waste management. Integrates the technical issues related to efficient resources utilization with the policy and regulatory framework. Novel approach to addressing future commodity shortages.
Download or read book Activity composition Relations of Chromium Oxide in Silicate Melts written by Eugene Barend Pretorius and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Slag metal refractory Equilibria of Chromium containing Phases in Steelmaking written by Hwan-Tang Thomas Tsai and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Metals Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 1650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Gas slag metal Equilibria Without Carbon saturation for Ferrochromium Refining and Stainless steel Making written by Xiaowei Pan and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Michael Gasik and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 537 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook gathers, reviews and concisely presents the core principles and varied technology involved in processing ferroalloys. Background content in thermodynamics, kinetics, heat and mass transfer is accompanied by an overview of electrical furnaces theory and practice as well as sustainability issues. The work includes detailed coverage of the major technologies of ferrosilicon, ferronickel, ferromolybdenum, ferrotungsten, ferrovanadium, ferromanganese and lesser known minor ferroalloys. Distilling the results of many years' experience in ferroalloys, Michael Gasik has assembled contributions from the worlds' foremost experts. The work is therefore a unique source for scientists, engineers and university students, exploring in depth an area which is one of the most versatile and increasingly used fields within modern metallurgy. All-in-one source for the major ferroalloys and their metallurgical processing technologies, cutting research time otherwise spent digging through old handbooks or review articles. In-depth discussion of the C, Si, Al-reduction, groups II-VIII of the periodic table, supporting analysis of metallurgical processing. Contemporary coverage includes environment and energy saving issues.
Download or read book The Slag metal Equilibrium and the Activities of Slag and Metal Components in the Production of High carbon Ferromanganese written by J. B. See and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Journal of the South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy written by South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy and published by . This book was released on 2004-07 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Welding Theory and Practice written by D.L. Olson and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume gives a comprehensive and thorough review on recent advances in the science of welding and provides a treatise for their application in day-to-day welding activities. The essential science of welding is presented for the first time in a style that is comprehensible to the craftsman, engineer and scientist. The application of welding technology requires familiarity with a broad spectrum of engineering and science. The practitioners of this technology need to be familiar with mathematics, physics, chemistry, metallurgy, electrical engineering, and mechanical engineering to mention the basics. These practitioners may only have a scant knowledge in all areas, and this book is intended to provide those practising welding with a broad but subtly in-depth overview of the subject. To accomplish this the book is divided into: weld pool chemistry and microstructure, processes: high energy density; low energy density; and bonding, heat input and associated stress, and computer control. Each of these areas addresses the literature, the fundamental science and engineering, and where the technology stands with respect to the topic. The knowledge level anticipated is not that of a senior engineer or researcher, although they could enjoy the works as much as anyone, but is more designed for those involved in the daily practise of welding. Thus the book will be of interest to craftsmen, students, engineers, researchers, managers, and those interested in the Theory and Practice of welding.
Download or read book Handbook of Ferroalloys written by Mihail I. Gasik and published by Elsevier Inc. Chapters. This book was released on 2013-05-04 with total page 61 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This chapter deals with chromium and its ferroalloys technology (with the exception of high-carbon ferrochromium, which is addressed in a separate dedicated chapter). The chapter presents an overview of chromium, its properties, main compounds, and reactions with other elements, as well as major relevant phase equilibria diagrams. Chromium sources (raw materials) and methods for chromium reduction with carbon, silicon, and aluminum are presented. Different technologies for smelting of medium-, low-, and ultra-low carbon ferrochrome, ferrosilicochrome (FeSiCr), nitrided FeCr (FeCrN), and metallic chromium are described. Finally, environmental issues of chromium alloys technology are discussed.
Download or read book The Behaviour of Chromium in Slag metal Systems Enger Reducing Conditions written by and published by . This book was released on 1956 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Determination of the Activities of Chromium and Chromium Oxide in Slag metal Systems of Ferrochromium Smelting Composition Using Stabilized Zirconia Electrolytes written by and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper describes attempts to determine the activity of chromium in chromium-rich, liquid-iron chromium alloys, and that of chromium oxide (Cr2O3) in ferrochromium slags at 1650 degrees C by use of the following cells: (i) Cr; Cr2O3ZrO2(CaO or Y2O3)(Fe-Cr)alloy; Cr2O3, and (ii) Cr; Cr2O3ZrO2(CaO or Y2O3)Cr; (Cr2O3 + slag). Measurements have been made of the activity of chromium in the Fe-Cr system, and that of Cr2O3 in the Cr2O3-MgO-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1650 degrees C.
Download or read book Studies in Metallurgical Engineering Flotation Kinetics Electroslag Welding written by Colorado School of Mines and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Iron and Steel Industry and British Foundryman written by and published by . This book was released on 1954 with total page 1040 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book British Chemical and Physiological Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1926 with total page 1046 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
